Analysis of MERS-CoV: Transmission, Indicators, and Global Impact

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), focusing on its origins, transmission, and global impact. It begins by introducing MERS-CoV as a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus, first detected in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and spreading to other countries. The report details the determinants of the disease, including person-to-person, household, and nosocomial transmission, with an emphasis on the primary sources of infection, such as bats and camels. It examines the indicators of the disease, including gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory problems, and organ failures, along with the prevalence rates and mortality associated with MERS-CoV, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The report highlights the importance of understanding MERS-CoV's behavior in healthcare settings and contaminated environments. References from various studies are provided to support the analysis.

Corona-Virus Respiratory
Disease in Middle East
Asia

Introduction
 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the
causative factor for this disease.
 It can spread from the animals to human and this virus family is
associated with the respiratory infections
 MERS-CoV was first detected in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
 After detection of the virus in Saudi Arabia in 2012, it spreaded to
the other countries of middle east Asia and also affect the people
globally.

Determinants of the Disease
 MERS-CoV can be transmitted through a
number of ways.
 Primary source of MERS-CoV transmission
 Person to person transmission
 Household transmission
 Nosocomial transmission
 Transmission by asymptomatic individuals

Continued…
 The primary source of the MERS-CoV
infection is the human infection acquired
in human the community . However, the
exact source an mode of transmission is
still known accurately.
 However, bat is identified as one of the
primary source of infection.
 Camel is detected as another causative
animal for the transmission of this
disease (Zhang, Shen & Gu, 2016).
 People who are in close contact with the
dromedary camels are more vulnerable to
be affected by the MERS-CoV infection

Person to Person Transmission
 Person to person transmission can be
happened through urine, nasal swabs,
feces, bloods, lung tissues.
 Sometimes, MERS-CoV can be detected
in the serum of the blood. People who
are giving care to the infected people
can also get the infection from those
patients.
 However, MERS-CoV only can be
transferred from one person to another
only when there is direct contact with
the infected patients.

Nosocomial Transmission
 Nosocomial transmission is one of the leading cause of MERS-CoV transmission
and every 1 out of 3 cases is due to nosocomial transmission in the world.
 MERS-CoV is more stable in cold and dry weather.
 Lack of maintaining proper control measure can cause nosocomial
transmission.

Indicators of the Disease
 The determinants of the MERS-
CoV are as follows-
 Gastrointestinal symptoms
 respiratory problems
 Organ Failures
 Chronic disease
 Problems in the immune
system

Measurement of the Disease
 The prevalence of the disease in Saudi
Arabia is a serious matter of concern
 Not only this, the MERS-CoV infection is
not quite uncommon in other countries of
the world (Aghazadeh-Attari et al., 2018).
 The prevalence rates are different for the
various causative factors.
 The MERS-CoV infection is also
associated with the mortality and
morbidity of the patients in Saudi Arabia.
 Serological analysis showed that 44
cases out of 280 cases were found to be
affected by the infection.
 Almost 34 out break cases were reported
in the hospital of Riyadh in 2017 (Hui et
al., 2018)

Prevalence of cases of MERS-CoV

Continued..
 In the hospital setting, the prevalence
rate of the infection was different from
one unit to another.
 Contaminated environments can also
cause infection in the health care
setting.
 As a primary source of infection, camel
can cause infection MERS-CoV infection
(Hui et al., 2018)

References
Aghazadeh-Attari, J., Mohebbi, I., Mansorian, B., Ahmadzadeh, J., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari,
M., Mobaraki, K., & Oshnouei, S. (2018). Epidemiological factors and worldwide pattern of
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from 2013 to 2016. International journal of
general medicine, 11, 121.
Al-Tawfiq, J. A., & Memish, Z. A. (2014). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus:
epidemiology and disease control measures. Infection and drug resistance, 7, 281.
Hui, D. S., Azhar, E. I., Kim, Y. J., Memish, Z. A., Oh, M. D., & Zumla, A. (2018). Middle East
respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household,
and nosocomial transmission. The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
Matsuyama, R., Nishiura, H., Kutsuna, S., Hayakawa, K., & Ohmagari, N. (2016). Clinical
determinants of the severity of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a systematic
review and meta-analysis. BMC public health, 16(1), 1203.
WHO. (2019). Frequently asked questions on Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (MERS‐CoV). Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/faq/en/
Zhang, Z., Shen, L., & Gu, X. (2016). Evolutionary dynamics of MERS-CoV: potential
recombination, positive selection and transmission. Scientific reports, 6, 25049.

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