Migrant Labour in Australia: Dynamics, Challenges, and Opportunities

This report provides an overview of migrant labour in Australia, addressing issues such as language barriers, payment disparities, and workplace safety. It examines the employment of refugees and skilled migrants, highlighting government policies like the Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme and the Temporary Business Entry Program. The analysis draws from multiple journals, focusing on the experiences of migrant workers, the biases in job propositions, and the challenges faced by refugees in securing employment. The report acknowledges limitations, such as the focus on male workers and the lack of comprehensive data on government amenities, while emphasizing the need for further research to address these gaps. Desklib offers a platform for students to access similar solved assignments and study resources.

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MIGRANT LABOUR IN AUSTRALIA
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Journal 1...........................................................................................................................................2
Journal 2...........................................................................................................................................4
Journal 3...........................................................................................................................................6
Journal 4...........................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
Migrant labor group are prevalent in Australia since 1990s. There are number of migrant
workers visiting from different countries and looking for jobs in the Australian regions.
Language problem is considered to be one of the important issues. Besides this, payment
problem was also identified as important aspect in this regard. Most of the migrant workers are
seasonal and they have no clear and transparent rights regarding their workplace health and
safety.
As a result of that exploitation is a common factor that the Australian migrant workers
are suffering with. Based on this understanding, the report is going to put focus on the different
approaches on that the report puts focus upon. The skilled global workforce and immigration has
helped in the development of the different ventures in the international markets. Globalization
has helped in the development of different trade policies to support the proper functioning of the
systems of the business operations. The policies that are formed by the governments relating to
migration are often characterized by biasness that affects the functioning of the skilled
immigrants as per the business needs.
Journal 1
Colic-Peisker, V. & Tilbury, F., 2006. Employment niches for recent refugees: Segmented
labour market in twenty-first century Australia. Journal of refugee studies, 19(2), pp.203-
229. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/19/2/203/1545469

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Colic-Peisker and Tilbury (2006) introduced the concept of migrant workforce and the
different factors that clearly portrays the employment of the same in the Australian markets. The
study includes the survey of the three refugee groups (Yugoslavs, black Africans and diverse
people from the Middle East) in Western Australia. The situation of the niches in the labor
market clearly exemplifies the position of the immigrants in the job market in Australia. The
offerings of the nation for this immigrants relating to the job profile are the low- paid jobs, which
the local people of the region avoid. The study by Colic-Peisker and Tilbury (2006) clearly
portrays that the Australian refugee intake is directly related to the provisions for undesirable
jobs irrespective of the human capabilities. The article also exemplifies the different steps that
are undertaken by the Australian government like “Regional sponsored migration scheme” in
order to encourage the involvement of the immigrants in the low profiled jobs.
The aim of undertaking the research is to identify the different aspects of the immigrant
employment policies that are framed by the Australian government. On the other hand, the
research also aims at studying the segmented labor market and thereby analyzes the increasing
trend of immigration in the global workforce. The methodology that was considered by Colic-
Peisker and Tilbury (2006) are mixed data collection method where the researchers utilized
primary data collection method for recording the responses from the different respondents
relating to their experience in the job roles provided. On the other hand, a secondary analysis was
undertaken by the researchers in order to evaluate the different existing literature in order to
identify the different prospects of the immigrant workforce in Australia.
The research scope is to identify the different aspects of the change in the employment
that is provided by the Australian government to the immigrants. The identification of the
different aspects that guides the study will be helping the researcher in defining the position of

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the immigrant labor market in Australia. The different sources through which the information
will be collected will be helping the researcher in upholding the proficiency of the study. The
usefulness of the research study is based on the identification of the market prospects of the
immigrant labor forces in Australia. It will be helping to identify the different limitations of the
recruitment and job proposition that is being provided by the nation to the immigrant labor force
based on their racial diversity. The identification of the different aspects of the changes in the
systems of the job offerings will be helping the researcher in enriching the research as per the
understanding of the different conditions of the immigrant labor market.
The study is limited to the understanding of the different conditions of work that is bring
proposed by the Australian government. On the other hand, the identification of the
remuneration that is provided to the immigrants and their rate of appreciation for the jobs is
nullified in this research which has affected the completeness of the study. Therefore, to
conclude, the research clearly portrays the different positions that are created by the Australian
government and the manner in which it has influenced the suitable functioning of the low profile
jobs in Australia.
Journal 2
Khoo, S.E., McDonald, P., Voigt‐Graf, C. & Hugo, G., 2007. A Global Labor Market:
Factors Motivating the Sponsorship and Temporary Migration of Skilled Workers to
Australia 1. International Migration Review, 41(2), pp.480-510. Available at:
https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/19/2/203/1545469
Khoo et al. (2007) stated in the research that the employment of the skilled workforce in
the Australian businesses and other undertakings has helped in the smooth progression of the

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nation. However, there are issues relating to the recruitment of skilled immigrants due to the
diversity in their cultural background. The research clearly exemplifies that undesirable jobs are
provided to the skilled workforce irrespective of their expertise in the different fields. The study
focuses on researching on the low profile jobs that are not accepted by the local people in
Australia are provided to the immigrants, which has affected the proper functioning of the
different systems of the nation. On the other hand, the research also focuses on understanding the
relation between the different key elements that affects the proper functioning of the systems of
the business enterprises through the involvement of the skilled workforce. Khoo et al. (2007)
stated that the research also studies the extent of “temporary business entry program”, the new
migration policy framed by the Australian government, in order to facilitate the temporary entry
of skilled labor for enhancing the business processes. However, the biasness relating to the job
proposition still exists in the structures that are framed by the government.
The aim of undertaking the research is to identify the different policies that are framed by
the Australian government in favor of the entry of skilled immigrants for the different temporary
job roles that are provided b y the entrepreneurs. The research also aimed at studying the
different biases that led the Australian government to prefer the locals over the skilled
immigrants for different job roles. The methodology that was designed by Khoo et al. (2007)
was the primary data collection method where the qualitative data was collected through the
conduction of interviews of different managers and entrepreneurs in order to identify their
preferences as per the Australian government norms and regulations. The data that was collected
by the researcher helped in validating the study through the induction of different concepts.
The scope of the research is related to the identification of the different biases that affects
the job propositions by the Australian government. The identification of the scope of the research

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helps in maintaining the proficiency of the functions as per the aim. The usefulness of the
research is based on the identification of the different key elements of change in the
organizational context as per the objectives of the immigration policy. The research will be
helping in identifying the key elements of the immigration policy framed by the Australian
government. It also exemplifies the manner in which the policy is affecting the motivation of the
skilled immigrants while working in the different businesses in the Australian context. The
research is limited by the lack of proper understanding of the different amenities that are
provided by the Australian government to the immigrants. It also lacks the identification of the
different elements through which the workforce is temporarily motivated by the Australian
organizations. The different government policies are not recognized in the research, which has
affected the efficiency of the research.
Journal 3
Correa‐Velez, I., Barnett, A.G. & Gifford, S., 2015. Working for a better life: Longitudinal
evidence on the predictors of employment among recently arrived refugee migrant men
living in Australia. International Migration, 53(2), pp.321-337. Available at:
http://maint.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Employed refugees in the process of employment are a serious issue in the developed
countries across the globe. In this regard, the situation in Australia is highly related to not only
employing refugees as far as possible but also keeps an eye on the job satisfaction and the core
competencies that the refugees are faced in course of searching new jobs in a new country. Based
on this perception, this report is trying to figure out the role of the refuges and migrants to find

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job in Australia and the challenges they have faced in the process. Moreover, the evaluation of
the government infrastructures are also included in the discussion to figure out the intentions of
the authority in order to provide better facilities to the working environment for migrant
employees.
In this regard, the aims of the research are coupled with some underlining issues. The
aims of this research are to procure an in-depth study on the motivation of the migrant employees
and workers to find work in the Australian sector. Furthermore, the study also incorporates a key
focus on the advantages and disadvantages in the local market and how far the lack of
qualifications and difficulties to cope with the prevalent skills in the Australian market poses
challenges to the employment orientation of the migrant employees.
In addition to this, the report also seeks help of some methods in order to analyze the
aims and objectives of the study. The sampling technique of the research was unique and
qualitative as the researcher put emphasis on the eligible participant criteria of i) male, ii) aged
18 years and over, iii) refugee or migrant. Based on the sampling the research was conducted
thorough peer interviews face to face with the workers in their preferred language. More
interestingly, the question pattern was formed on the basis of five different aspects such as the
socio-demographic characteristics, education and employment and health and wellbeing.
It can be argued that the research tries to portray most of the aspects regarding the labor
and worker employment facility in Australia. In this context, the advantages of this research
were that there were four interviews taken within six months gap from 2008 to 2010. Moreover,
for the benefit of the interviewees the research did not leverage upon English as the mode of
interview. Moreover, in course of the research, the report also put emphasis on the government

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involvement and community development programs and the impacts on the migrants with the
purpose to encourage them to get jobs as soon as possible.
However, there are some limitations regarding the research methods of the report. It can
be argued that the research was biased due to over dependency on the male workers only. The
report failed to portray the condition of the women migrant workers in Australia and the way
they also faced issues regarding their problems. In addition to this, the interviews did not stick to
one mode of language. Therefore, understanding the reaction of the migrant laborers was quite
problematic.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the report tries to envisage the complications that the
migrant workers faced in pursuit of jobs in Australia. The interviews were detailed and
succeeded to evaluate the insights of the competencies in Australian migrant labor workforce.
However, putting emphasis on the male workers only created some lacuna in the research
process that required further research on the topic.
Journal 4
Underhill, E. & Rimmer, M., 2016. Layered vulnerability: Temporary migrants in
Australian horticulture. Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(5), pp.608-626. Available at:
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022185615600510
Using temporary laborers are considered to be a common practice for the Australian
industries. In this context, this report puts focus on the Australian horticulture industry and

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highlighted the possible vulnerabilities that the migrant laborers are faced in this sector
specifically. In other words, it can be argued that the purpose of this report is to get an idea of the
exploitation of the Australian horticulture industry in order to employ migrant laborers in an
extensive manner. As a matter of fact, the author intentionally chose the horticulture industry of
Australia as a field of study because in this sector most of the workers were migrant and the
sector heavily depended on them since 1990s.
Henceforth, the study has further been developed based on some aims and objectives. As
per the purpose of the author was concerned, the research incorporated some aims in terms of
perceiving an understanding regarding the impact of vulnerability on different levels of the
migrant employees. Besides this, the report also fixed its gaze on the relationship between the
type of work culture in the horticulture sector and using the migrant workers extensively.
Furthermore, the report also pushed the study to some extent dealing with the payment issues and
working hour issue in the horticulture industry.
In this regard, the research further developed with an empirical fieldwork conducted in
three different stages from 2013 and 2014. The methodology incorporated different migrant
workers with their different nationality. In fact, the location of the research was also set on some
specific Australian religions such as Northern Territory, Victoria and the Tasmania where the
horticulture industry had been flourished in an intense manner. In fact, for a better
understanding, the research divided the workers in two types working holiday makers (WHM)
and the temporary migrant workers who were undocumented. The methodology was based on
Qualitative data collection process through interviews on the farmers, labor-hire contractors and
employment agency staffs. Moreover, there was also a survey questionnaire for the online
English and Chinese workers who were available from mid-December 2013 to mid-March 2014.

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The strength of this report is its dynamic research efforts that generated high research
outcome in order to identify the vulnerabilities and the challenges that the migrant workers had
faced in course of operating in the horticulture industry in Australia. In fact, the research limited
its research by putting more emphasis on the horticulture industry only and thus abled to get
more specific result of the condition of the migrant workers in Australia. Moreover, using both
the qualitative and quantitative data collection method enabled the research to execute an
effective insights of the vulnerable situation of the horticulture industry.
Despite of the efforts the research faced some limitations regarding the research method
and the data collection process. The emphasis on the certain locations of Australia created a
limitation for the extensiveness of the report. Moreover, it is important to understand that the
report delivered a complex research process that was hard to understand.
Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the report definitely followed the research
objectives to generate more relevance to the theme. Therefore, the report is highly appreciable
and good to focus on the relevant aspects.
Conclusion
Therefore, from the above analysis of the different literatures it can be stated that the
Australian government has formulated different policies that has affected the morale and the
sentiments of the skilled immigrants while operating in the different business ventures. On the
other hand, the key elements of change in the organizational contexts are based on the
enumeration of different government policies that has affected the immigrants. The biasness of
the Australian government while formulating policies are based on the interests of the locals and
the manner in which the interests of the local people can be retained through the proposition of

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low profiled jobs to the immigrants. The policies that are formed by the Australian government
are based on the identification of the different key interests of the local people over the skills and
knowledge of the immigrants. The key elements of change in the organizational structure are
based on the smooth functioning of the system of the business operations in the different regions.
The enumeration of the government policies and the manner in which they can be assisted might
uphold the proficiency of the functions that are undertaken by the immigrants.

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References
Colic-Peisker, V. & Tilbury, F., 2006. Employment niches for recent refugees: Segmented labour
market in twenty-first century Australia. Journal of refugee studies, 19(2), pp.203-229. Available
at: https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/19/2/203/1545469
Correa‐Velez, I., Barnett, A.G. & Gifford, S., 2015. Working for a better life: Longitudinal
evidence on the predictors of employment among recently arrived refugee migrant men living in
Australia. International Migration, 53(2), pp.321-337. Available at:
http://maint.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Khoo, S.E., McDonald, P., Voigt‐Graf, C. & Hugo, G., 2007. A Global Labor Market: Factors
Motivating the Sponsorship and Temporary Migration of Skilled Workers to Australia
1. International Migration Review, 41(2), pp.480-510. Available at:
https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/19/2/203/1545469
Underhill, E. & Rimmer, M., 2016. Layered vulnerability: Temporary migrants in Australian
horticulture. Journal of Industrial Relations, 58(5), pp.608-626. Available at:
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022185615600510