MIMO System Project Proposal: Experimental Setup, Performance Analysis

This document presents a project proposal focused on Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems in wireless communication. It begins with an executive summary outlining the project's aim to provide a comprehensive view of MIMO, its role in enhancing wireless efficiency, and a discussion of research done by others. The introduction highlights MIMO's capacity to multiply radio link capacity using multiple antennas. The literature review examines various studies on MIMO, including BER performance analysis using different decoding techniques and modulation schemes. The research questions aim to establish an experimental MIMO setup to measure performance. The methodology involves collecting channel coefficient data using virtual array techniques. The experimental setup details the movement of transmitting and receiving antennas. The proposal concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding and optimizing MIMO systems for future wireless communication advancements. Desklib offers a wide array of similar solved assignments and past papers for students' reference.

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
Template Project Proposal and Plan
By ‘Author Name’
Affiliation (MSc Profile or Track) & Study no.
Executive Summary
The main aim of creating this paper is to provide a wide view of MIMO or the Multiple Input
Multiple Output. Wireless communication is associated with the usage of this MIMO system in
order to increase the efficiency of a given total amount of transmitted power. The paper has been
associated with providing a wide view of this system along with discussing about the various
works done with the MIMO by other researchers. MIMO is associated with providing a high
capability to the wireless system and there has been seen a linear increase in the capacity with
large number of antennas. Various type of schemes are applied to the MIMO system which
includes the space time block codes, space time trellis codes, and the Vertical Bell Labs Space-
Time structural design. A broad study has been conducted upon the MIMO system along with
this the main questions have been also been provided in order to setup a MIMO in the laboratory.
After this the results of the experiment has also been provided in this paper.
1. Introduction
Multiple Input multiple Output can be considered as a method which is generally used for the
purpose of multiplying the capacity of the radio link by making use of multiple antennas in order
to receive and transmit so as to exploit the multiple propagation. MIMO has become an essential
part of the wireless communication standards. According to the attest research conducted over the
Wireless communication system it has been seen that the while using the multiple antennas at the
transmitter as well as in the receiver is associated with providing offers related to the possibility
of wireless communication at a higher data rate as compared to the single antenna systems (Azar
and Vaidyanathan 2015). Besides this capacity of providing information of the MIMO or
multiple input multiple output has been growing in a liner way by having minor amount of
transmitter and receiver antenna operating in rich scattering environments and having a high
signal-to noise ration which I sufficiently high. .
2. State-of-the-art/Literature Review
According to the Gurpreet Singh, Rahul Vij and Priyanka Mishra in wireless communication
multiple antennas can be applied in order to improve the chances of high knowledge rate through
knowledge rates which is generally done through multiplexing or for eth purpose of boosting up
of the performance through diversity as compared to the single antenna systems. Besides this the
article has the tendency of studying the BER performance of the Vertical Bells lab Layered space
Time design spatial multiplexing technique by making use of numerous decoding techniques
which might include the maximum likelihood (ML), Minimum Mean square Error (MMSE),
Minimum Mean sq. Error + Ordered Serial Interference Cancellation (MMSE+OSIC), MMSE,

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
Zero Forcing, Zero Forcing + Ordered Serial Interference Cancellation (ZF+OSIC) and this has
been done by victimization of the completely different modulation technique which includes the
BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM in the flat attenuation channels which are totally independent and
identical (Behjati and Davoudi 2013).
In the paper by Joshi, S.A., Rukmini, T.S, Mahesh, H.M. has been associated with proposing the
indicator identifiers for the V-Impact construction modelling by making use of the Maximum
Likelihood (ML), Zero Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE), and Successive
Interference Cancellation (SIC) finders which is followed by the reproduction of the structures in
the Rayleigh blurring channel (Li, Tong and Li, 2015). The proposed model has also been
associated with contrasting the exhibitions of the MIMO frame along with the diverse balance
systems which includes the BPSK and the QPSK in the Blurring channels and the AWGN
channels. While viewing the bit slip rate they have been associated with examining the execution
and the computational many-sided quality of the plans (Liang, Xu and Dong 2014).
According to the paper by Shreedhar. A. Joshi, Dr. Rukmini T S, Dr. Mahesh H M the V-BLAST
or the Vertically - layered Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time calculation can be considered
but be a multi-layer image recognition plan besides this the proposed framework has also been
concentrating upon the V-impact procedure by making use of the MIMO engineering has been
associated with emulating by the recipient identification methods which might include the forcing
(ZF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) associated with the back substitution SIC (Persson,
Eriksson and Larsson 2013). Besides this the proposed approach has also been associated with
embracing the BPSK, QAM regulation routines. Besides this the numerical investigation is also
directed by utilization of the MATLAB. Along with this change in execution is additionally
noteworthy associated with the Reenactment results has been indicating the fact that the V-
Impact accomplishes the better Bit slip rates (Su, Lee and Chang 2012).
Kai Wu, Lin Sang, He Wang, Cong Xiong, Dacheng Yang, Xin Zhang in the customary zero-
forcing has been associated with ordering successive interference cancellation or the minimum
mean square error has been associated with ordering successive interface cancellation. Along
with this the calculation identification of the Vertical Bell-Labs layered space-time architecture
(Suzuki et al. 2014). There also exists an undesirable handling defer because of the count of the
framework pseudo-converse and the reordering of the forces in recognizing the image in each one
layer. Besides this the parallel interface cancellation algorithm also has a more level preparing
postpone but yet has a poorer execution. While viewing the peculiarities present in the SIC and
PIC calculations there has been a coordinated PIC and OSIC detection calculation which are
associated with bringing the multifaceted nature along with the preparation of the deferral for the
entire calculation having a little misfortune while execution (Tong, Li and Shi 2012). Besides this
there also exists an alterable parameter in the IPOD calculation which has possibility of getting
changed in order to acquire a distinctive tradeoff between the unpredictability and the execution.
In this way the proposed calculation has become more doable in order to have a reasonable
provision.
Wu Nian Wang Zhongpeng Zhang Shaozhong in their paper has been associated with
recognizing few calculations which are generally focused upon the MIMO OFDM frameworks
which are generally presented quickly and along with this their exhibitions has been accessed by
the recreation of the workstations. Besides this the reproduction results has been associated with
showing the executions of all these calculations for the OFDM framework which is similar to the
execution of the various level MIMO framework (Wang, Jia and Song 2012). The ZF-PIC

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
calculation has seen to be exceptionally appealing which has been contrasted with the traditional
ZF-VBLAST during execution.
The hypothetical and the exploratory by Jiming Chen, Shan Jin, and Yonggang Wang
demonstrated the layered space-time architecture which included the Vertical Ringer labs
Layered Space-Time (V-Blast) framework is associated with the misuse of the limit point of
interest of numerous wire frameworks which are received in the rich disseminating situations.
The paper has been associated with introducing the decreasing multifaceted nature calculation in
order to identify such structural engineering which is generally regarding the paradigm of
Minimum Mean Square Errors (Xing et al. 2013). This calculation is generally based upon the
tried and true SIC identification calculation but yet it chooses the few layers by usage of
sufficiently substantial indicator to impedance along with the clamor degree rather than layer
which is having the highest SINR at each one phase of the abrogation which is progressive. This
is also associated with the usage of the GSO in order to substitute the processing’s of the pseudo-
opposite while discovering the various weight vectors. In a similar way the computational many
sided quality of the proposed recognition calculation is diminished but the execution debasement
is very little.
Heunchul Lee, Byeongsi Lee and Inkyu Leein their paper have been associated with presenting
an enhancement the vertical Ringer Labs layered space time recipient which is associated with
considering the choice slips. Secondly the paper has been associated with proposing an iterative
detection and decoding plan for the coded layered space time architecture in the MIMO OFDM
framework. Besides this for the iterative process, creation of a low-many-sided quality demapper
is done by making use of the non-direct obstruction abrogation as well as the straight least mean
square lapse filtering (Zhang and Ho 2013). In a similar way the straight forward dropping
technique is generally focused upon the hard choices which is introduced in order to diminish the
general multifaceted nature. The recreational results are associated with exhibiting the proposed
IDD plan which are joined together with the enhanced V-Impact perform just about along with
this the ideal turbo MIMO methodology. This is associated with giving high funds in the
computational unpredictable way.
3. Research Question, Aim/Objectives and Sub-goals
The main aim of this research includes the creating of an experimental setup of MIMO in order to
measure its performance and to see how it operates. So the setup is done in the laboratory in order
to understand the MIMO.
The main research questions includes the following:
Q1. Why the setup of the system is being done?
Q2. What are the requirements of the Setup?
Q3. What are the elements needed in order to measure the capabilities?
Q4. Is the system performing in a proper way?
Q5. What are the outcomes of the setup?
4. Theoretical Content/Methodology
For the purpose of evaluating the performance of the multi antenna system present within the
MIMO system and also within the propagation scenario there is a need of collecting the
magnitude as well as the phase’s information of the channel coefficients. This type of information

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
are generally extracted by making use of the virtual array techniques (Bozinovic et al. 2013). By
making use of this method the two antennas are moved by following a distinct liner trajectory
which is responsible for the creation of a virtual transmit and receive array of a particular MIMO
system. For each of the position sending of a single tone at the operating frequency of the antenna
occurs and besides this the measurement of the propagating signal is done assisted by the vector
network analyzer. This is connected to the transmitter as well as to the receiver antennas. The
experiment is conducted within the lab along with the presence of the several metallic object and
walls (Zhou, Quan and Li 2012).
5. Experimental Set-up
While doing the measurements the transmitting as well as the receiving antennas are to be moved
at steps [0.5λ to 0.8λ] and [0.3λ to 0.5λ] respectively by making use of the two plotter HP7580B.
besides this the dimensions of the plotter are slightly less than one thousand samples as that of the
samples which can be collected by repeating the experiments several times along with the plotter
in various positions all around the lab. Besides this it is also to be noticed that the VAT is valid as
long as the antennas are displaces enough so as to neglect the mutual coupling effect (Chen and
Patton 2012). Despite of this the effects of the mutual coupling in a 2X2 MIMO can also be
measured in case if a 4-port VNA is available which is generally left as a future work. Besides
this the measurement setup is also particularly suited for the purpose of evaluating the
performance of the reconfigurable antennas. This reconfigurable antennas are generally capable
of creating a distinct propagation channel which is generally done by making changes in the radio
electric characteristics. Each and every way is reviewed where a reconfigurable antenna is
capable of radiating as a radiation state. For this case the evaluation of the performance of the
reconfigurable MIMO system can be done and for this one needs to collect all the information
related to the channel coefficients for each of the radiation state. In a similar way a CW tone
present ate the operating frequency of the antennas is also sent and along with this the
measurement of the propagation signal is done by making use of the vector network analyzer.
The above method operations are repeated for each position and the radiation state (Choi, Love
and Bidigare 2014). The change of eth radiation state occurs generally when activation or
deactivation of one or more than one switches are done within the antenna. For this reason there
is a requirement of automated setup in such a way that no human intervention is required which
thereby helps in avoiding the changes taking place in the propagation environment. In order to
verify the time variant channel assumption the correlation between two of the sequentially
obtained sets of samples of the channel coefficient are measured.
Preparation of the plotters platforms and antennas are done. For the purpose of preserving the
time-variant statistics of the channel the antennas needs to change their position in an automatic
way by having minimum amount of channel perturbation between the various set of samples. The
setup is associated with the usage of a two plotters which acts as a moving rails for the radiating
elements by making use of the GPIB interface to control them remotely (Glad and Ljung 2014).
This devices are of obsolete type while printing however all those are suitably precise for
positioning. Besides this all the plotters are controlled by the GPIB interfaces which uses primary
printer control language HP-GL. The displacement that takes place between two of the head
positions are programmable and is also having a minimum resolution. By making use of
Plexiglas platform antennas are placed over each of the plotter (Gonzalez-Diaz et al. 2013).

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
After this connection between the antenna and the VNA is made. The port 1 and 2 of the VNA is
connected to the transmitting and the receiving antennas. For doing this some connectors along
with some RF cables are needed after which the attenuations of this are characterized. After this
the VNA is set in order to measure the transmission coefficient and calibrated in order to remove
he effects of the cables and the connector losses (He, Dong and Sun 2016). There is an
expectation of path loss which is high and for this reason an amplifier is placed before the
transmitting antenna is used fpr the purpose of making sure that the signal which is measured at
part 2 is well above the VNA noise floor.
After this the GP-IB cables are connected to the PC. The PC is generally used for four reasons
and this includes the following: A) controlling of the entire system B) storage of the data C) post-
processing for the whole data and lastly D) final virtualization of the results. The GPIB cables
which are responsible for carrying of the control information are interconnected to all the
elements and the system. Besides this the designed software is associated with taking the input
parameters in such a way that the frequency, power and the distances that exists between the
consecutive antenna positions. All this software are programmed in the MATLAB (Koenig et al.
2013).
After this a flow diagram of the complete system is made. In this the parameters of the
experimental setup includes the center frequency and re distance that exists between the adjacent
positions (Larsson et al. 2014). After starting the measurement each and every antenna position
along with the receiving antenna positions are swept and this is done unless and until the end of
the plotter rail is reached. The PC is associated with storing the complex transmission coefficient
as provided by the VNA for each of the combination.
6. Results, Outcome and Relevance
The measurement and computation of the capacity distribution, received power distribution and
correlation of the distinct MIMO system configuration has been done. The resultant capacity and
the received power distribution has been shown which is regarding the 1x1, 1x2, 2x1, 2x2, 4x1
and 4x1 MIMO systems. Channel correlation results are shown in Table 2 for a 2x2 MIMO
system. Besides this the accuracy with the parameters can be estimated and this is generally
dependent upon the total number of collected samples and also upon the validity of the
characteristics related to time variance of the channel. This is particularly important while
conducting the measurements by making use of reconfigurable antennas for this reason the
realization of each of the radiation states are collected in a sequential way.
7. Project Planning and Gantt chart
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
0 Construction of MIMO Lab set up 37 days Mon 7/2/18 Tue 8/21/18
1 Initial Activities 6 days Mon 7/2/18 Mon 7/9/18

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
1.1 Initiation document would be made 2 days Mon 7/2/18 Tue 7/3/18
1.2 Resources would be accumulated 2 days Wed 7/4/18 Thu 7/5/18 2
1.3 Laboratory Setup Requirement
Analysis 2 days Fri 7/6/18 Mon 7/9/18 3
2 Lab Setup 8 days Tue 7/10/18 Thu 7/19/18
2.1 Making Infrastructure for the lab 3 days Tue 7/10/18 Thu 7/12/18 4
2.2 Buying Equipments and Tools 2 days Fri 7/13/18 Mon 7/16/18 6
2.3 Safety Arrangements 3 days Tue 7/17/18 Thu 7/19/18 7
3 Experimental Set up 8 days Fri 7/20/18 Tue 7/31/18
3.1 Preparation of plotters, platforms,
antennas 2 days Fri 7/20/18 Mon 7/23/18 8
3.2 Connecting the antennas to the
VNA 1 day Tue 7/24/18 Tue 7/24/18 10
3.3 Connecting the GP-IB Cables and PC 2 days Wed 7/25/18 Thu 7/26/18 11
3.4 Starting the Measurement 1 day Fri 7/27/18 Fri 7/27/18 12
3.5 Processing the data 2 days Mon 7/30/18 Tue 7/31/18 13
4 Post Processing 15 days Wed 8/1/18 Tue 8/21/18
4.1 Channel Matrix 3 days Wed 8/1/18 Fri 8/3/18 14
4.2 Channel Capacity 3 days Mon 8/6/18 Wed 8/8/18 16
4.3 Received Power 3 days Thu 8/9/18 Mon 8/13/18 17
4.4 Channel Co-relation 3 days Tue 8/14/18 Thu 8/16/18 18
4.5 Reconfigurable Antennas 3 days Fri 8/17/18 Tue 8/21/18 19
4.6 Project Closure 0 days Tue 8/21/18 Tue 8/21/18 20

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
ID Task
Mode
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
0 0 Constuction of MIMO Lab set up 37 days Mon 7/2/18 Tue 8/21/18
1 1 Initial Activities 6 days Mon 7/2/18 Mon 7/9/18
2 1.1 Initiation document would be made 2 days Mon 7/2/18 Tue 7/3/18
3 1.2 Resources would be accumulated 2 days Wed 7/4/18 Thu 7/5/18 2
4 1.3 Laboratory Setup Requirement Analysis2 days Fri 7/6/18 Mon 7/9/18 3
5 2 Lab Setup 8 days Tue 7/10/18 Thu 7/19/18
6 2.1 Making Infrastructure for the lab 3 days Tue 7/10/18 Thu 7/12/18 4
7 2.2 Buying Equipments and Tools 2 days Fri 7/13/18 Mon 7/16/18 6
8 2.3 Safety Arrangements 3 days Tue 7/17/18 Thu 7/19/18 7
9 3 Experimental Set up 8 days Fri 7/20/18 Tue 7/31/18
10 3.1 Preparation of plotters, platforms, antennas2 days Fri 7/20/18 Mon 7/23/18 8
11 3.2 Connecting the antennas to the VNA 1 day Tue 7/24/18 Tue 7/24/18 10
12 3.3 Connecting the GP-IB Cables and PC 2 days Wed 7/25/18 Thu 7/26/18 11
13 3.4 Starting the Measurement 1 day Fri 7/27/18 Fri 7/27/18 12
14 3.5 Processing the data 2 days Mon 7/30/18 Tue 7/31/18 13
15 4 Post Processing 15 days Wed 8/1/18 Tue 8/21/18
16 4.1 Channel Matrix 3 days Wed 8/1/18 Fri 8/3/18 14
17 4.2 Channel Capacity 3 days Mon 8/6/18 Wed 8/8/18 16
18 4.3 Received Power 3 days Thu 8/9/18 Mon 8/13/18 17
19 4.4 Channel Co-relation 3 days Tue 8/14/18 Thu 8/16/18 18
20 4.5 Reconfigurable Antennas 3 days Fri 8/17/18 Tue 8/21/18 19
21 4.6 Project Closure 0 days Tue 8/21/18 Tue 8/21/18 20 8/21
S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S
Jul 1, '18 Jul 15, '18 Jul 29, '18 Aug 12, '18 Aug 26, '18
Constuction of MIMO Lab
set up
Initial Activities
Initiation document
would be made
Resources would be
accumulated
Laboratory Setup
Requirement
Analysis
Lab Setup
Making
Infrastructure for
the lab
Buying Equipments
and Tools
Safety Arrangements
Experimental Set up
Preparation of
plotters, platforms,
antennas
Connecting the
antennas to the VNA
Connecting the
GP-IB Cables and
PC
Starting the
Measurement
Processing the data
Post Processing
Channel Matrix
Channel Capacity
Received Power
Channel Co-relation
Reconfigurable
Antennas
Project Closure
8. Conclusions
This paper is associated with the providing of a detailed description of the way by which the
experimental setup can be created by comparing with the performance of the distinct multi-
antenna configuration of various propagation scenarios. The major advantage of this setup
includes the following: It is low of cost, can perform in a better way, accurate measurements are
provided and lastly this is totally an automated operation. The major hardware requirements
mainly includes the two plotters, a VNA, a PC, cables and connector. For the purpose of solving

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
this capabilities of the setup various measurements of the capacity, the power received and the
correlation between the channels are also conducted to have a distinct MIMO configuration.
9. References
Azar, A.T. and Vaidyanathan, S. eds., 2015. Chaos modeling and control systems design (Vol.
581). Germany: Springer.
Behjati, H. and Davoudi, A., 2013. A multiple-input multiple-output DC–DC converter. IEEE
Transactions on industry applications, 49(3), pp.1464-1479.
Bozinovic, N., Yue, Y., Ren, Y., Tur, M., Kristensen, P., Huang, H., Willner, A.E. and
Ramachandran, S., 2013. Terabit-scale orbital angular momentum mode division multiplexing in
fibers. science, 340(6140), pp.1545-1548.
Chen, J. and Patton, R.J., 2012. Robust model-based fault diagnosis for dynamic systems (Vol. 3).
Springer Science & Business Media.
Choi, J., Love, D.J. and Bidigare, P., 2014. Downlink training techniques for FDD massive
MIMO systems: Open-loop and closed-loop training with memory. IEEE Journal of Selected
Topics in Signal Processing, 8(5), pp.802-814.
Glad, T. and Ljung, L., 2014. Control theory. CRC press.
Gonzalez-Diaz, H., Arrasate, S., Gomez-SanJuan, A., Sotomayor, N., Lete, E., Besada-Porto, L.
and M Ruso, J., 2013. General theory for multiple input-output perturbations in complex
molecular systems. 1. Linear QSPR electronegativity models in physical, organic, and medicinal
chemistry. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 13(14), pp.1713-1741.
He, W., Dong, Y. and Sun, C., 2016. Adaptive neural impedance control of a robotic manipulator
with input saturation. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 46(3),
pp.334-344.
Koenig, S., Lopez-Diaz, D., Antes, J., Boes, F., Henneberger, R., Leuther, A., Tessmann, A.,
Schmogrow, R., Hillerkuss, D., Palmer, R. and Zwick, T., 2013. Wireless sub-THz
communication system with high data rate. nature photonics, 7(12), p.977.
Larsson, E.G., Edfors, O., Tufvesson, F. and Marzetta, T.L., 2014. Massive MIMO for next
generation wireless systems. IEEE communications magazine, 52(2), pp.186-195.
Li, Y., Tong, S. and Li, T., 2015. Composite adaptive fuzzy output feedback control design for
uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback systems with input saturation. IEEE Transactions on
Cybernetics, 45(10), pp.2299-2308.
Liang, L., Xu, W. and Dong, X., 2014. Low-complexity hybrid precoding in massive multiuser
MIMO systems. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 3(6), pp.653-656.
Persson, D., Eriksson, T. and Larsson, E.G., 2013. Amplifier-aware multiple-input multiple-
output power allocation. IEEE Communications Letters, 17(6), pp.1112-1115.
Su, S.W., Lee, C.T. and Chang, F.S., 2012. Printed MIMO-antenna system using neutralization-
line technique for wireless USB-dongle applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, 60(2), pp.456-463.
Suzuki, Y., Sata, K., Kako, J., Yamaguchi, K., Arakawa, F. and Edahiro, M., 2014, April. Parallel
design of control systems utilizing dead time for embedded multicore processors. In COOL Chips
XVII, 2014 IEEE (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
Tong, S., Li, Y. and Shi, P., 2012. Observer-based adaptive fuzzy backstepping output feedback
control of uncertain MIMO pure-feedback nonlinear systems. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy
Systems, 20(4), pp.771-785.

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
Wang, J., Jia, S. and Song, J., 2012. Generalised spatial modulation system with multiple active
transmit antennas and low complexity detection scheme. IEEE Transactions on Wireless
Communications, 11(4), pp.1605-1615.
Xing, C., Li, S., Fei, Z. and Kuang, J., 2013. How to understand linear minimum mean-square-
error transceiver design for multiple-input–multiple-output systems from quadratic matrix
programming. IET Communications, 7(12), pp.1231-1242.
Zhang, R. and Ho, C.K., 2013. MIMO broadcasting for simultaneous wireless information and
power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(5), pp.1989-2001.
Zhou, X., Quan, X. and Li, R., 2012. A dual-broadband MIMO antenna system for
GSM/UMTS/LTE and WLAN handsets. IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters, 11,
pp.551-554.