Research Report on Mobile Banking Usage Intentions in Pakistan (MBA)

This research report, submitted by students of Iqra University, investigates the factors influencing the usage intentions of mobile banking, particularly among university students in Pakistan. The study focuses on the impact of perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and trust on students' willingness to adopt mobile banking services. The report includes an introduction outlining the background, problem statement, research questions, objectives, and significance of the study. A comprehensive literature review establishes a theoretical framework based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and provides empirical evidence from relevant studies. The research methodology details the research purpose, approach, design, sampling techniques, sample size, statistical techniques, and the questionnaire used. Data analysis includes demographic information, reliability tests, and regression analysis to determine the relationships between the variables. The report concludes with a discussion of the findings, implications, and limitations of the study. The abstract highlights the key findings, emphasizing the significant influence of perceived ease of use, risk, and trust on usage intentions. The report aims to contribute to a better understanding of mobile banking adoption and offers insights for both academics and practitioners.

IQRA UNIVERSITY
“The Effect of the Perceived Ease of use, Trust and Risk on Usage Intentions”
A Proposal submitted by
Talha Sajid 11967
Muhammad Danish 14552
Ammar Ahmed 12760
Sami-ul-Haq 12743
To
Department of Business Administration
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
This proposal has been Accepted by the
Faculty OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Mrs Nida Shah Advisor
Iqra University Research Facilitation Centre

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Acknowledgements
First of all, we would like to precise our essential gratitude to Almighty Allah for making it
conceivable to complete this effective research report and educated the journey of
implementation of our knowledge within this respective research. At this twinkling of
accomplishment we would like to contribute our sincerest appreciativeness to our research
adviser Miss Nida shah for supporting us with her esteem patience, efficient knowledge and
effective efforts as without her kind guidance efforts and reassurance for report. At the end, we
would like to give our genuine thanks to all peers, classmates, well-wishers and all defendants
who subsidized in dissimilar ways and we are also thankful to Iqra University for all the
managerial help.

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................2
Chapter One.....................................................................................................................................6
Introduction......................................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................7
1.2 Problem Statement.................................................................................................................8
1.3 Research Question..................................................................................................................8
1.4 Research Objective...........................................................................................................9
1.5 Significance of the Study.......................................................................................................9
1.6 Limitations of the Study.........................................................................................................9
1.7 Organization of the Study....................................................................................................10
Chapter 2........................................................................................................................................11
Literature Review..........................................................................................................................11
2.1 Theoretical Framework........................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Perceived Ease of Use...................................................................................................13
2.1.2 Risk................................................................................................................................13
2.1.3 Trust...............................................................................................................................13
2.2 Empirical Studies.................................................................................................................13
2.3 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................19
2.4 Hypothesis............................................................................................................................19
Chapter 3........................................................................................................................................20
Research Methodology..................................................................................................................20
3.1 Research Purpose.................................................................................................................21
3.2 Research Approach..............................................................................................................21
3.3 Research Design...................................................................................................................21
3.4 Sampling Technique............................................................................................................21
3.5 Target Population.................................................................................................................22
3.6 Sample Size..........................................................................................................................22
3.7 Statistical Technique............................................................................................................22

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3.7.1 Reliability......................................................................................................................22
3.7.2 Factor Analysis..............................................................................................................23
3.7.3 Regression Analysis......................................................................................................23
3.8 Questionnaire and Measurement Instrument.......................................................................23
3.9 Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................24
Chapter 4........................................................................................................................................25
Data Analysis.................................................................................................................................25
4.1 Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................26
4.2 Demographics......................................................................................................................26
4.3 Reliability Test.....................................................................................................................28
Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity......28
Rotation converged in 5 iterations.............................................................................................31
4.4 Regression Analysis.............................................................................................................31
Model Summary.....................................................................................................................31
Correlation Matrixa.....................................................................................................................32
Total Variance Explained...........................................................................................................33
Chapter Five...................................................................................................................................35
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................35
5.1 Conclusion and Discussion..................................................................................................36
References..................................................................................................................................38
Thank you for your time and cooperation.....................................................................................41

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Abstract
This is an experimental study of Usage Intention (UI) and the determination of this study is to
scrutinize the relationship flanked by Perceived Ease of Use (PU), Risk and Trust on Usage
Intention mainly concerning with the domain of mobile banking in Pakistan. Consequence
dependably has expected a considerable aggregate of devotion from researchers and Practitioners
alike. Numerous work-related scholars have industrialized or subsidized to our considerate of
models describing hypothetical attitudes to a personality’s experience of Usage Intention mainly
concerning with the domain of mobile banking. Even though, the study accompanied in order to
define the “Role of Perceived Ease of Use (PU), Risk and Trust on Usage Intention (UI)”. In
which a examination (questionnaire) took place and there were 50 respondents both from private
and public sector. The study took place under the principles of Iqra University north campus,
Karachi, Pakistan. At the end, consequences displayed the highest impact of Perceived Ease of
Use (PU), Risk and Trust on Usage Intention (UI).
Keywords: Perceived Ease of Use (PU), Risk and Trust on Usage Intention (UI)

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Chapter One
Introduction

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1.1 Background
With the emergence of a highly innovative era of based on the effectual incorporation of
the technology, many inventions are brought frontward in money services especially the
merchandizing banking subdivision. These important changes happened due to several strict
factors together with client satisfaction, corresponding competitive compression, expertise
innovations, usage of Information Technology and communication frequencies. According to the
stand point of the receding literature it has been evaluated that the necessity of time was to
supply price else services to satisfy client desires and not solely satisfy them but conjointly
enhance marketplace scope and advance competitive gain over the remainder of others (Ajzen,
2020).
In addition it has been evaluated that information and communication technology (ICT)
conjointly called self-service technology (SST) permits the client to contend with the electronic
means while not interrelating with any firm’s service personnel. These services embrace
collaborating kiosks, self-scanning grocery checkouts, banking machines (ATMs), smartphone
banking, mobile banking (M-Banking) and electronic funds transfer etc. These technologies type
a conglomerate that is termed Banking system (BIS). This method includes conducting group
action inquiries, portfolio management, insurance ordering, funds transmissions, bill
expenditures, account inquires, master card and loan payments (Si, H., et al., 2020).
The progress of innovation has been observed to have an enormous impact on the
fashionable era of banking sector. The standard distribution of industry was restricted to
corporeal branches that have high fixed charge. The continual improvement of knowledge
technology not solely permits banks to scale back their cost however additionally provides them
the specified potency for international competition. The association of Mobiles corporations and
banking segment has delivered the innovative chance to banks for sparking tomorrow. Now, this

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advanced implement has turned out to be a part of banking sector of Pakistan as well (Cheng,
2019).
This new innovative service of mobile banking additionally obtains in style in low-
income households as well. Time freedom, value saving, quickness, and vantage are the key
consider mobile banking. Banking base additionally has been increased through amplification of
the market whereas victimization mobile banking. Mobile banking is acting like commonplace
use tool. At the present, the unbanked populace might be advanced over and done with mobile
banking services. This works as a good chance for banks. Until September 2015 because of
mobile penetration in state, smartphone subscribers has stretched around one hundred and twenty
million, however solely few Pakistani are operative towards formal banking (Hassan and Wood,
2020).
1.2 Problem Statement
The main concept of mobile banking orientation which contributes perceived ease of use,
perceived risk and trust as intentions to use mobile banking has been scrutinized in multiple
preceding effective studies but not emphases on student’s utilization of mobile banking.
Questions regarding university students who have studied information and communication
technology hold intention that has been affected by elements of mobile banking orientation
including perceived ease of use, perceived risk and trust endured unrequited.
1.3 Research Question
This particular research is performed by investigating the concepts and analysis on the
basis following question;

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Q. How perceived ease of use, perceived risk and trust effect usage intentions among the
university students?
1.4 Research Objective
This respective examination has been achieved with regards of mobile banking. This
specific research intends to recognize the level of usage intention among the students of
university and to recognize the level of effect of perceived ease of use, perceived risk and trust
on usage intention.
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study is offering a noteworthy role usage intention in student’s life by investigative
the manifold interweaved factors such as perceived ease of use, perceived risk and trust. In
addition, this study wills highpoint in-depth critical examination to accomplish the objectives of
the learning in operative manner. The inquiries within the learning will be provided by given that
the comprehensive debate on the foundation of factual concepts regarding perceived ease of use,
perceived risk and trust. Additionally, this research study will be incorporating a wider range of
acquaintance that can be appropriate to those who are interested to be utilizing mobile banking.
The contribution of study is emergent a considerate of the individual usage intention of students.
1.6 Limitations of the Study
Since the study completely emphasizes on the quality of usage intention among the
students. Therefore, examiners are restricted to collect our data from the university students only.

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1.7 Organization of the Study
This study endures as follows. After an evaluation of the literature on perceived ease of
use, perceived risk and trust and usage intentions, the methodology of the research and foremost
outcomes are obtainable. Lastly we close with discussion and conclusion sections.

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Chapter 2
Literature Review

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2.1 Theoretical Framework
The introductory part mainly framed the research all around the complete understanding
of the variables including risk, perceived ease of use and trust. However, in this esteemed thesis,
it has been claimed that risk, perceived ease of use and trust have been experimental to impact
and influence on the usage intentions. In addition, the association more construed by explaining
the risk, perceived ease of use and trust along with interrelations in the middle of them while
depicting “Technology acceptance model and planned behavior theory” to better understanding
risk, perceived ease of use and trust relationships to usage intention (Hassan and Wood, 2020).
A diversity of theoretical frameworks is utilized to elucidate and forecast purchasers’
usage intention with relation to innovation. For instance, the technology acceptance model
(TAM). An intensive review of this fiction assisted guide this study’s application of the
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), assumed its according responsibility and validity in
mensuration the acceptance of diverse innovative technologies among a spread of cultures and
societies.
The model represents the foremost wide accepted framework for analysis to-date during
this space of study. According to theory, perceived easy use and perceived quality are the key
forecasters of activity intentions and supreme innovation adjustment and practice. However,
extra constructs are projected in different studies to boost the quality of the TAM model together
with risk, trust and other influence. Based mostly upon this background, displays the analysis
model utilized within the current study (Si, H., et al., 2020).
2.1.1 Perceived Ease of Use

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The amount to which a folk considers that consuming a precise information technology
classification would be unrestricted or effortless.
2.1.2 Risk
Risk infers impending vagueness approximately deviation from predictable remunerations or
predictable outcome. Risk dealings the vagueness that an nominee is willing to take to appreciate
a advantage from an investment
2.1.3 Trust
To assume that somebody or something is good and honest and will not harm
2.2 Empirical Studies
Heba, et al (2019) makes available understandings about the impending influence of
country philosophy on customers’ discernments in the direction of usage of fresh innovative
technological facilities. Specializing in mobile banking this work associates answers from 3
different client sections, including customers in Egypt, customers from Egypt who mainly live
within the U.S. and U.S. customers. The study exploits hypotheses from the TAM together with,
perceived simple use and perceived quality, together with perceived risk, faith and communal
inspiration to look at the variations among these 3 different client segments’ usage intentions
headed for mobile banking. The model was tested structural equation modeling (SEM). Fallouts
designate that country culture will, to a point, effect customers’ perceptions and intentions in the
direction of mobile banking.
Chen and Chen, (2018) investigated aspects touching explorers’ usage intentions of in-
vehicle GPS product and examined the alleviatory result of private originality on the link
between perspective and usage intention. Based mostly upon technology acceptance model and

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distinctive options of GPS devices, a self-administered form was designed and accustomed
collect empirical information from 150 travellers. The results found from class-conscious
regressions unconcealed that perceived easy use includes a vital positive result on perceived
quality; all perceived usefulness and perceived easy use have vital positive results on perspective
toward usage. The implications of findings were mentioned.
Fagan, et al., (2018) utilizes the Integrated Model of Technology Acceptance to check the
usage intention of computers among initial line managers in an exceedingly mid-sized producing
organization having a sample size of 172. As hypothesized, the learning originate a positive
relationship between unessential motivation and activity intention to use computers, a positive
association between perceived easy use and intention to use computers, an optimistic relationship
among unessential motivation and intrinsic motivation, a positive association flanked by
perceived easy use and dispensable motivation. On the other hand, the suggestion that intrinsic
inspiration would have an optimistic relationship to usage intentions of computers wasn't
supported. This work makes a required involvement to the literature by confirming the IMTA
with a gaggle of real-world operators, and recommends that the model might offer a helpful
groundwork for forthcoming analysis during this space.
Ramayah, (2016) aim to look at the connection between perceived utility,
perceived easy use, perceived enjoyment and subscriber’s usage intentions in the direction of
exploitation 3G services. Cross sectional knowledge were composed over and done with a survey
and analyzed by proposes that of correlational examination, association and multivariate
investigation. Out of one hundred fifty questionnaires solely one hundred were usable.
Conclusions show that Perceived utility, Perceived easy Use and angle square measure put
together accountable in crucial the subscribers’ usage intention of 3G service.

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Ramayah and Ignatius, (2015) explores the connection between the 3 beliefs concerning
on-line looking including perceived utility, perceived simple use and perceived enjoyment and
usage intention to buy on-line. A sample of one hundred fifty respondents was selected
employing a purposive sampling technique whereby the defendants have to be compelled to be
net users to be enclosed within the survey. A organized, self-administered form was accustomed
provoke responses from these defendants. The answers designate that perceived simple use and
perceived enjoyment were absolutely associated with usage intention to buy on-line whereas
perceived utility wasn't considerably associated with intention to buy on-line. Moreover,
perceived simple use was originated to be a major predictor of perceived utility. Implications of
the findings for developer’s square measure mentioned additional
Chen and Lin (2018) purpose of paper is to increase the technology readiness Associate
in nursing acceptance model (TRAM) to contemplate an individual’s health awareness (HC),
thereby raising the aptitude of the model to predict Associate in Nursing individual’s perspective
in the direction of and intention to transfer and use dietary fitness apps. A complete of 994
participants accomplished a self-reported on-line form. Structural equation modeling and risk
distinction testing were conducted to check the prophetical ability of the projected health
awareness The results found from the HC-TRAM and therefore the TRAM designate that
additionally to technology readiness, HC applies a positive impact on the perceived simple use,
risk and usage intention of dietary apps.
Ariffin, et al., (2018) aims to look at the link among six influences of customers’
perceived risk and customers’ on-line apps usage intentions. Specifically, this study examines the
link between monetary risk, product and security risk and on-line purchase apps usage intention.
Survey methodology was used for the aim of knowledge assortment, and measure was wont to

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check the hypotheses. A complete of 350 respondents contributed on an internet survey, and
knowledge were quantitatively analyzed via IBM SPSS. The results from this study counsel
consumers’ perceived risks after they will purchase on-line. 5 factors of perceived risk have a big
negative inspiration on shopper on-line app usage intention. Among these factors, security risk is
that the main contributor for customers to discourage from buying on-line.
Deng, et al., (2018) aims was to explore the factors of mHealth service adoption between
Chinese patients exploitation associate extended TAM with trust and perceived risks. Conducted
a questionnaire-based survey in three massive hospitals in China and analyzed the info
exploitation structural equation modeling. The consequences verified that the projected model
fits well. Trust, perceived utility, and perceived easy use completely correlative with service
usage intention. Privacy and performance risks negatively correlated with the patient’s usage
intention.
Chao, (2019) developed and through empirical observation tested a model to forecast the
factors touching students’ usage intentions in the direction of exploitation mobile learning. This
study discovered the usage intention of m-learning from the angle of shoppers by smearing the
protracted unified theory of receiving and usage of technology (UTAUT) with the accumulation
of mobile self-efficacy, perceived enjoyment, trust, and perceived risk moderators. A cross-
sectional learning was conducted by using a search model supported multiple technology
acceptance theories. Knowledge was derived from an internet survey with 562 respondents and
analyzed exploitation structural equation modeling. The results disclosed that usage intention
was considerably influenced by, trust and energy expectancy; perceived enjoyment, and energy
expectancy had positive associations with usage intention; perceived risk had a considerably
negative weakening on the association among usage intention

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Wang and Lin (2017) have advised that the chance of revealing personal privacy hinders
customers from adopting LBS, whereas scant attention has centered on instructive the way to
mitigate the perceived privacy risk of mistreatment LBS. This quantitative study emphasis on the
consequences of shopper quality on their trust in LBS, that consequently affects perceived
privacy risk and continued usage intention towards LBS. analysis knowledge were collected
through a market survey website; 1399 valid questionnaires were composed. Structural equation
modeling analysis was applied to the info. The consequences disclosed that info quality, system
quality, and repair quality were completely associated with perceived trust. Perceived trust
conjointly related to negatively with perceived privacy risk, however completely with continued
usage intention. A social control suggestion strained from the findings is that LBS suppliers
ought to develop additional helpful user interfaces or give timely, individualized services to scale
back perceived privacy risk and strengthen LBS continued usage intention.
Cao, et al., (2018) examine the appliance of building trust throughout the evolution from
on-line payment to mobile payment; yet on inspect the result of trust on the consummation and
usage intention of mobile handlers. Supported trust transfer theory, this study suggests that trust
in on-line imbursement and 2 source-target association factors, perceived similarity have an
effect on trust in mobile payment (i.e. trust in target). The model was by trial and error tested on
information composed from 219 mobile payment users of a notable payment enterprise in China.
The consequences designated that the trust transfer method absolutely inspirations the usage
intention of mobile payment through satisfaction.

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2.3 Conceptual Framework
2.4 Hypothesis
H1: Risk has a significant effect on usage intention.
H2: Perceive ease of use has a significant effect on usage intention
H3: Trust has a significant effect on usage intention
Risk
Perceive ease of use
Trust
Usage Intentions

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Chapter 3
Research Methodology

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3.1 Research Purpose
The foremost research purpose of this research study is explanatory. Though, there are
two distinctive types of the purposes including exploratory ad explanatory. The chief foundation
for choosing explanatory research is to advance and improve the in-depth appreciative of an
investigator on a concerning precise subject of usage intentions. So far, with the assistance of
this investigation purpose convincing consequences cannot be extended due to absenteeism of
statistical strong point, even though this research determination inspirations the author of the
study to regulate why things happen.
3.2 Research Approach
According to perspective of the multiple preceding literatures, there are primarily three
diverse approaches of research domain including, Quantitative research approach, Qualitative
research approach and Pragmatic research approach. Nevertheless, in this precise research,
quantitative research approach has been making use of. Subsequently the figures that is
congregated has been malformed into numeric terms and exploit statistical deviousness in order
to examined numeric statistics, gauged the findings consequently, quantitative approach has been
implemented.
3.3 Research Design
In this specific research, correlation design has been espoused since the study mostly see
the sights of the association among dependent variable that is usage intention and independent
variable that is risk, trust and perceived ease of use.
3.4 Sampling Technique

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Students from different university have been designated while by means of non-
probabilistic convenience sampling method. The chief reason of pick out non-probabilistic
sampling technique is its extraordinary speed and comfort in nature for the optimal obtainability
of the sample.
3.5 Target Population
The target spectators were simple students from the different university as they were the
selected population of the entire study
3.6 Sample Size
In order to compose most dependable and accurate data, the sample size that has been embattled
is 50.
3.7 Statistical Technique
This research study develops “the Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) software”.
The assessment marks on the numeric statistics comprises factor examination, reliability
examination along with the regression analysis.
3.7.1 Reliability
Reliability test narrate to steadiness and consistency of the findings. However the
reliability test mainly relies on numeric data assembled. Intra-class correlation coefficients will
be accustomed calculate inter-rater responsibility estimates (Saunders and thorn hill, 2009).
3.7.2 Factor Analysis

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It also underlines the assumption including there exist a linear connection, there is on no account
of multiple regression, it comprises of the related selected variables into factors analysis, and
there is exact correlation among factors and variables. The second major test is termed as the
factor analysis. Factor Analysis is a statistical technique that is utilized to measures the overall
impact of un-observed variables termed as factors on a variety of observed variables. (Spearman
1904)
3.7.3 Regression Analysis
Regression may be a wide-ranging and multipurpose method for examining relations
flanked by one dependent variable and more than one additional independent variables. The last
and the most effective technique is regression analysis used to measure the dependent variable in
accordance of estimation of independent variable. However, it governs the relationship of
dependent variable with at minimum two or more than two independent variable (Saunders,
Lewis and thorn hill 2009).
3.8 Questionnaire and Measurement Instrument
Within, this research study, the survey questionnaire has been utilized having two
segments. The initial segment is based on the demographical queries whereas the second
segment is questions based on the variables. The study is utilizing close-ended questionnaire
The scale consist on 5 items and respondents answer each and every item based on a five- point
“Likert scale” ranging from 1 ( Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree).The questionnaire
include three independent variables including risk, trust, perceived ease of use and one
dependent variable that is usage intention.

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3.9 Ethical Consideration
Data in this study has been collected through questionnaire and every respondent has
filled the questionnaire themselves without any pressure. The information is absolutely use for
our academic purpose it will not hurt any of the member associated with this.

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Chapter 4
Data Analysis

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4.1 Data Analysis
This segment examines the significances of the investigation. The inspections were
gotten exploiting both inferential and unmistakable measurements. Before the descriptive
measurement, factor examination was achieved by looking at the example of association or
covariance flanked by the experiential measures. The graphic visions are performed that provides
an all-purpose diagram of measurement outline of the defendants. The evidence congregated
were patterned and examined by employing the Statistical Package for Sociologies Program
(SPSS). This is lagged by the significant evidence investigation and estimation.
4.2 Demographics
Total 50 usable answers were examined after obliterating unsuitable titles and eradicating
surveys with missing data. The Summaries of the defendants is abridged in Table below.
Demographic Items Frequency Percent
Student of university
public sector 25 50%
Private sector 30 46%
semi-private sector 2 4%
Gender
Male 38 76%
Female 12 24%
Age
18 - 30 38 76%

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41 - 50 9 18%
51 - above 3 6%
Education
under graduate 27 54%
graduate 7 14%
post graduate 7 14%
Others 9 18%
Field of study
business 2 4%
computers 3 6%
engineering
medical
9
24
18%
48%
Others 12 24%
The defendants of the survey have its place are mostly students, out of 50 respondents
only 4% are from semi private sector Universities and rest of 50% students are from Public
sector Universities and remaining 46% are from Private sector universities. Most of the
respondents are Male with 76% and rest of 24% is Female respondents. Majority of the
respondents belongs to age group of 18 to 30 years, with the percentage of 76%, 18%
respondents are of 31 to 40 years and remaining was from 41 to 50 years. Moreover questioning
about their education, 54% respondents are undergraduate, 14% are Graduate, also 14% are Post
graduate and rest of 18% choose other education. Last of all, this section was ended on the
questioning about their field of study, 18% were from engineering background, 6% choose
computer as a field, 4% were studying Business and 24% utilized the option of others.

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4.3 Reliability Test
Cronbach's Alpha unwavering quality technique was applied to check the dependability
of all things in the poll. The reliability coefficient esteem was exceptionally significant for
example 0.899 and portrays high unwavering quality of the poll. REliability test was applied
utilizing PASW18 programming and the reliability test measures are given underneath:
The value of Cronbach’s Alpha is greater than 0.7 which is good consistency of variables and
after dropped of items for improvement in reliability, 14 statements were retained for final results.
Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.767 14

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Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
.701
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square 48.750
df 15
Sig. .000
KMO discloses to us that either are test size is adequate to run the factor analysis or not.
It has benchmark estimation of ≥ 0.70. So our incentive in above Table is 0.701, it implies our
sample size is sufficient to run the Factor examination. The speculation was tried through Chi-
Square test; the estimation of Chi-square was seen as 48.750, which is critical at 0% level of
hugeness. Accordingly, invalid speculation is dismissed; demonstrating that the thing to-thing
relationship grid isn't a character lattice and is in this way appropriate for factor examination.
Communalities
Initial Extraction
pu2 1.000 .739
pu4 1.000 .861
pr3 1.000 .938
pr2 1.000 .895
t1 1.000 .846
t2 1.000 .830

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Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis
The benchmark reverence for communalities table is more protuberant than 0.30. The
above table shows that all the extraction esteems are more noteworthy than 0.3 and this
demonstrates every one of the things have solid connection. The extraction table has benchmark
approximation of 0.3or great, it shows that the correlation among every one of the things are
solid.
Rotated Component Matrix
Component
1 2 3 4
pu2 .745
pu4 .921
pr3 .935
pr2 .904
t1 .864
t2 .820
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.a
Rotation converged in 5 iterations.

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In this table, factor result speaks to the independent variables exactness of the data. In the
“T” the estimation of alpha of these things is 0.86. In the second factor "pr", the estimation of
alpha is 0.904. In the third factor "pu", the estimation of alpha is .921.
4.4 Regression Analysis
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error
of the
Estimate
1 .590a .348 .305 1.95821
a. Predictors: (Constant), avg_pa, avg_in, avg_rm
Value of R2 in above table shows adequacy of model with is 0.348 that shows independent
variable can predict 34.8% of variance in dependent variable
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig.
1
Regression 94.109 3 31.370 8.181 .000b
Residual 176.391 46 3.835
Total 270.500 49
a. Dependent Variable: avg_ei
b. Predictors: (Constant), avg_pa, avg_in, avg_rm

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Table 4.6 shows that sig value is below 0.05, therefore we can say that there is statistically
significant difference exists.
Tables for Appendix
Correlation Matrixa
pu2 pu4 pr3 pr2 t1 t2
Correlation
pu2 1.000 .493 -.067 .151 .314 .319
pu4 .493 1.000 -.018 .141 .265 .146
pr3 -.067 -.018 1.000 .372 .079 .188
pr2 .151 .141 .372 1.000 .089 .320
t1 .314 .265 .079 .089 1.000 .505
t2 .319 .146 .188 .320 .505 1.000
Determinant = .348

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Total Variance Explained
Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Rotation Sums of Squared
Loadings
Total % of
Variance
Cumulativ
e %
Total % of
Variance
Cumulativ
e %
Total % of
Variance
Cumulativ
e %
1 2.172 36.202 36.202 2.172 36.202 36.202 1.515 25.256 25.256
2 1.359 22.655 58.857 1.359 22.655 58.857 1.478 24.632 49.888
3 .934 15.562 74.419 .934 15.562 74.419 1.100 18.341 68.229
4 .644 10.732 85.150 .644 10.732 85.150 1.015 16.921 85.150
5 .496 8.258 93.409
6 .395 6.591 100.000

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Extraction Method: Principal Component Analys
Component Transformation Matrix
Component 1 2 3 4
1 .685 .597 .383 .166
2 .004 -.526 .523 .670
3 -.728 .561 .357 .166
4 .006 .228 -.672 .704
Extraction Method: Principal Component
Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser
Normalization.

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Chapter Five
Conclusion

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5.1 Conclusion and Discussion
The objective of this study was to discover if perceived ease of use, risk and trust
influences shopper perceptions toward usage intentions while accepting technology. The study
targeted on mobile banking and compared Pakistani notably university students. The study
utilizes the technology acceptance model (TAM) and planned behavior theory, to spot the
predictors of those different segments of usage intention in the direction of m-banking
innovation.
The predictors enclosed perceived easy use, perceived risk, and trust. Answers from this
study contribute to our considerate of innovation usage intention by reconnoitering these
problems. The deduction of this study is that perceived easy use, risk and trust will influence
customers’ perceptions in the direction of usage intention of latest innovative technological. This
study additionally provides proof of this influence across all 3 samples. As noted antecedently,
all relationships flanked by the study’s investigation constructs were found to be considerably
completely different across all 3 samples.
5.2 Future Recommendation
A few restrictions of the study should be predictable in order to assistance other
forthcoming researchers discourse these restrictions. The statistics has been composed from
students of Karachi only and from students using mobile banking. To simplify the consequences
more, the impending academics should demeanor on a nationwide level or in other national
contexts or cities or outlying areas. Second, the cross sectional illustration of this learning
contracted down our studies. Forthcoming research should enterprise a longitudinal study to
checker the perceived ease of use, trust and risk on usage intentions. Forthcoming research could
practice additional variables for their research or they could transformation these variables for

Research Report 36
their research that what they observe in their nation, for this it would be necessary for them to
change or increase or remove some of these variables.

Research Report 37
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