Philosophy and Modern Science: Exploring the Interconnectedness

This essay delves into the intricate relationship between philosophy and modern science, highlighting their interconnectedness and mutual influence. It begins by defining philosophy and its role in shaping scientific inquiry, emphasizing the contributions of philosophers like Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus to the scientific revolution. The essay explores how philosophical reasoning forms the basis of scientific methods, hypothesis generation, and the development of theories. It differentiates between intrinsic and instrumental goods, illustrating how modern science adopts an instrumental approach in understanding the relationship between humans and the natural world. The application of philosophical and scientific reasoning in daily life is examined, focusing on decision-making, conflict resolution, and problem-solving. The essay concludes by emphasizing the necessity of both philosophical and scientific reasoning in making informed decisions and navigating the complexities of life, advocating for their value in education and the development of critical thinking skills.

Running head: PHISIOLOGY AND MODERN SCIENCE
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Philosophy and modern science
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Philosophy and the modern science
Philosophy is an ambiguous word and many researchers have tried to describe it.
However, it is a discipline that seeks truth through reasoning and not empiricism. Since 17th and
18th century the human reasoning and knowledge have been developed to major scientific
discovery. New knowledge and understanding of issues pertaining to life are explained through
observations and experiments. Hence science and philosophy are inseparable. Scientific methods
used today in experiments and analysis are developed from philosophy. Philosophers such as
Newton, Galileo and Copernicus have highly contributed to the revolution of science. They
advanced their reasoning about life and nature through observations and couple of experiments
to determine the truth behind their thoughts. This highly contributed to the development of
methods and instruments to facilitates these observations. There was also development of laws
for instance the law of nature which currently help to trace the history of the universe (Bird,
2006). Therefore, the basis of the modern science is philosophy. Hypothesis in scientific
researches are basically formed from observations of nature which is philosophy. Elements of
scientific reasoning which involve thinking with a purpose to identify a problem, through
assumptions relevant data is gathered and inferences made that leads to development of theories,
and identification of the scientific implications and consequences has altered the conception of
the origin and limit of human knowledge whereby, it focuses at proving the origin and facts
concerning a certain perspective. This has therefore led to incredibility of unproven information.
Intrinsic and instrumental goods
Intrinsic goods are goods that have values on themselves. That is, a good is valued for its
own sake. For instance, as stated by Kirk (2006), when we do activities that give intrinsic
satisfaction, for example sports for pleasure, there is a possibility to continue doing these

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activitiesmore and more. Here, the pleasure one gets from sport motivates one to continue in
sporting. While instrumental goods are those goods that helps us achieve or obtain other goods.
For instance, money enables one to posses a good needed or acquiring a service that brings
satisfaction and hence we value money for its end results. Modern science represents the
relationship of human beings and natural world through instrumental approach this is because the
scientific approach is analytical and focuses on the result. Therefore, the end results determine
the value of the relationship. The modern science determines the value of the natural world to
human beings depending with the benefits the humans obtain from the world. This gives an
advantage that no assumptions are made in the relationship between humans and the world, since
the scientific methods will prove this. For instance, the relationship between genes and human
characters can be explained through scientific observations and analysis.Since science is
gradually changing,the recognition of our place in the ancient universe is an essential insight in
that it enables man to appreciate and realize the developments that have been achieved over time.
It helps us to understand ourselves since the modern science explains reasons and the facts we
know and therefore helps us to understand the existence of different aspects of life rather than
making mere assumptions that were common in the ancient universe.
Application of philosophical and scientific reasoning in our daily life
As according to Okasha (2016), science reasoning determines the confidence to be placed
in an inference. In our daily life the decisions we make, how we solve conflicts and how we seek
solutions to problems should be focused to the confidence of the final result. This helps to
prioritize the decisions we make on particular issues. For instance, the elements of scientific
reasoning help to decide on the career one should take. This is possible by predicting the future
and finding information about the career and from other people reviews about the career one can

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make a sound judgement. As according to Bench-Capon and Dunne (2007), Argumentation
process in decision making is important since it helps to identify the negative consequences of
the decision made. Finding truth through reasoning (philosophy) during conflict may help to
avoid negative consequences that could appear when this was not applied. This therefore
indicates that the Philosophical and scientific reasoning are essential in our daily life.
In the blog post invitation, philosophical reasoning is fundamental in our daily life. Life
is full of questions. For example, what we should eat? What we should believe? Who to trust?
And what to do for a living. Philosophical reasoning helps us to think clearly about things we go
through in our life. This help to make a clear decision and hence avoiding most of the challenges
that could come with wrong decision making. Through physiological reasoning we are in a
position to scrutinize our ideas and help to identify how in line our ideas are with the knowledge
we have about issues. In life the philosophical reasoning also helps in deciding the goals to
pursue. This is a sophisticated decision to make, many fail in knowing the right goals to achieve
within a set time frame and they end up losing focus. This lead to frustrations and may
eventually lead to depression and poor health. Philosophical reasoning helps us to avoid such
consequences since it enables self-examination and reflection.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is necessary to note that modern science cannot survive on itself.
Philosophy plays a huge role in the development of the methods and hypothesis used in scientific
researches. Tremendous developments have been attained through the modern science.
Technology, drug innovations, behavioral therapies are development and advantages of the
modern science. Philosophical and scientific reasoning are applicable in our daily life. They help
us to make clear decisions on essential matters in our lives, they help us to solve conflicts and

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also to seek solutions to various problems. Therefore, this academic discipline should be valued
and proper information to be passed to the students so that they can acquire the ability to make
the right decisions. Gradual development of the modern science requires one to be well equipped
with knowledge about life.

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References
Bench-Capon, T. J., & Dunne, P. E. (2007). Argumentation in artificial intelligence. Artificial
intelligence, 171(10-15), 619-641.
Bird, A. (2006). Philosophy of science. Routledge.
Kirk, D. (2006). Sport Education, Critical Pedagogy, and Learning Theory: Toward an Intrinsic
Justification for Physical Education and Youth Sport. Quest, 58(2), 255-264.
Okasha, S. (2016). Philosophy of Science: Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.