Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Sensors: Advances in Detection

This report provides an overview of recent advances in molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based sensors, emphasizing their applications in molecular biology and healthcare. It delves into the use of these sensors, particularly piezoelectric and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors, for detecting various analytes and biomolecules. The report highlights the advantages of MIP sensors, such as quick response and high sensitivity, and their role in disease diagnosis. It also discusses specific applications, including the detection of cytochrome c, amantadine, sialic acid, and synthetic cannabinoids. Furthermore, the report explores the potential of these sensors for use in handheld devices and their impact on early disease detection and improved clinical outcomes. The report references several studies and publications, providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future prospects of MIP-based sensor technology.

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RECENT ADVANCES IN MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER BASED
SENSORS
In the field of molecular microbiology there is intensive use of sensors which is mainly due to
their various advantages as they have quick response and high sensitivity . Recently advanced
molecularly imprinted compound primarily based sensors have designed a desirable insight
for surface modification techniques within the branch of molecular biological science by
forming specific recognition sites . Sensing field mainly indicates associate degree of rising
technology with high capabilities and flexibility to find numerous analytes in numerous
matrices and detection performance acts as a big principle in several basic procedures in
various systems (Lv, Tav and svec, 2019). Molecular learning methodology mainly bases on
the precise molecular recognition to an example molecule (Saylan, Y.and Denizli, A.,2019).
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are developed by different types of substances .
(Wulff, G.et al., 2017) . The clinically important and useful biomolecules are usually helpful
in performing various functions like storing genetic code information , various metabolic
activity regulation and integrating various chemical reactions and thus are helpful in disease
diagnosing (Labib , M., et al., 2016). If they are being produced on a large scale , they really
prove cost effective as compared to various antibody preparation which is very costly. These
diagnostic sensors have applications in the detection of biomolecules (Razavi, H., Jaufaza,
S. , 2019).
Piezoelectric sensors- Piezoelectric sensors are the novel electricity sensing elements which
have a novel quartz balance (QCM) sensor, that have various advantages like high sensitivity
and specificity yet being simple in understanding. These quartz sensors checks interactions
by using crystals present in their molecular structure with the help of immobilization of

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biomolecules .There frequency is decreased as the binding reaction takes place associated
with an enlarged mass. QCM sensors and test molecule mixture has high affinity towards the
template having very selective binding sites and additional very efficient sensing systems
(Ma, X.T et al., 2019). QCM sensing element is also used to search cytochrome which may
be a heme-containing lepton carrier of the mitochondrial metabolic process chain. It can also
be effectively used for a hypoglycaemic drug or newer target molecule detection in
compounds and mixtures. These mainly alters the surface of the sensing element and make
use of the affinity characters to determine their pharmacokinetic profile and various other
important parameters which are involved in biological systems.
These alters different modification ways of the sensing element thereby developing and
classifying the sensor in various novel ways. The sensors which are quartz balancing mainly
checks different interactions by making the use of periodic crystal, by immobilization of
biomolecules on its surface but their periodic frequency is decreased by their association with
any enlarged mass or molecule. These QCM sensing element are also used to search
cytochrome, a heme containing lepton carrier which is important determinant of the
mitochondrial process chain. According to the reports on this, the haemoprotein c-imprinted
sensing element mainly exhibits high molecule specificity towards cytochrome c and it also
could be applied for real sample studies and assessment studies with high sensitivity and
efficacy. According to this the new sensor development process is basically based on an
epitope imprinted polymers which helps in the detection of biomolecules (Chunta, S et al
2018). QCM sensor on which amantadine is imprinted using gold nanoparticles and reduced
graphene oxide are being synthesized . Amantadine is an epitope in this case and is used
because it has a stable tricyclic structure of amine which can be used in the treatment of
Parkinson ism and influenza involving both animals and human beings in clinical settings.
Sialic acid is a marker which is found in the blood is a negative charged monosaccharide

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molecule. This marker is not frequentle expressed in patients suffering from diabetes. Total
sialic acid levels if abnormal indicates some default or error of the human body and this
furthers indicate an ongoing or risk to the cardiovascular disease or there can be cancer of
some stage even, which can be detected by these novel piezoelectric sensors. An imprinted
QCM sensor for sialic acid determination in urine samples have also been developed (Qiu et
al. 2018).
QCM sensors are helpful in determining different synthetic cannabinoids as these
piezoelectric sensors mainly binds to the cannabinoid receptors present in brain. These were
mainly developed as therapeutics used in the pain management as they bind to their specific
receptors present in brain. They are also used as a micro-contact learning technique to
arrange super molecule C-imprinted device. They can detect the efficiency or sensitivity of
the device by checking its repeatability (Çiçek et al., 2016). There are also nanofilms having
imprint of the bilirubin on the surface of the device which are sequentially characterised by
various evaluations and measurements. (Özgür, E., et al 2013).
These novel sensors can be widely employed in medicine for various pharmaceutical
analysis, diagnostic procedures, like microbiology or pathology testing and even in various
new screening methods pertaining to different levels of healthcare. The most challenging
aspect in the research domains is to discover or develop new target biomolecules for the
management of old and new discovered diseases and illnesses. Molecularly imprinted
compound and target molecules mainly based on sensing new molecules or ligands should
have greater stability and efficacy to ensure their appropriate action .Molecularly imprinted
polymers which are basically based on device systems are being developed with great
potential and endlessly as these are spreading roots within the medical field , as their areas of
successful application is growing day by day. However, this device technology is expected to

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grow and improve further and can be used in different platforms as well including diagnostic
procedures and then treatment modalities with can be employed.
In future these piezoelectric sensors can be used as hand held device by the patient
himself/herself, that means ways are being mend to make this more user friendly in near
future. The patient will be able to hold the device and check the results himself without any
need for medical assistance. Therefore, these kinds of sensors can bring about a major
revolution in the health care system mainly by early and correct detection of diseases and
thereby upgrading the clinical outcomes.

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REFERENCES
Lv, Y., Tan, T. and Svec, F. (2019). Molecular imprinting of proteins in polymers
attached to the surface of nanomaterials for selective recognition of
biomacromolecules.
Saylan, Y.; Denizli, A. Advances in molecularly imprinted systems: materials,
characterization methods and analytical applications. Curr. Anal. Chem. 2019
Wulff, G.; Gross, T.; Schonfeld, R. Enzyme models based on molecularly imprinted
polymers with strong esterase activity. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 1997
Labib, M.; Sargent, E.H.; Kelley, S.O. Electrochemical methods for the analysis of
clinically relevant biomolecules. Chem. Rev. 2016
Razavi, H.; Janfaza, S. Medical nanobiosensors: A tutorial review. Nanomed. J. 2015.
Ma, X.T.; He, X.W.; Li, W.Y.; Zhang, Y.K. Oriented surface epitope imprinted
polymer-based quartz crystal microbalance sensor for cytochrome C. Talanta 2019.
Chunta, S.; Suedee, R.; Lieberzeit, P.A. High-density lipoprotein sensor based on
molecularly imprinted polymer. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2018
Çiçek, Ç.; Yılmaz, F.; Özgür, E.; Yavuz, H.; Denizli, A. Molecularly imprinted quartz
crystal microbalance sensor (QCM) for bilirubin detection. Chemosensors 2016
Özgür, E.; Yılmaz, E.; S¸ener, G.; Uzun, L.; Say, R.; Denizli, A. A new molecular
imprinting-based mass-sensitive sensor for real-time detection of 17β-estradiol from
aqueous solution. Environ. Prog. Sustain. 2013
Qiu, X.; Xu, X.Y.; Chen, X.; Wu, Y.; Guo, H. Preparation of a molecularly imprinted
sensor based on quartz crystal microbalance for specific recognition of sialic acid in
human urine. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2018