Report on Motivation and Leadership Theories in Organisations

This report examines the significance of motivation and leadership within business organisations, focusing on Marks and Spencer as a case study. It delves into motivation theories, particularly Herzberg's two-factor theory, and explores various leadership styles such as authoritarian, participative, delegative, and transactional leadership. Primary research findings from a survey of M&S employees are presented, indicating the perceived effectiveness of the company's leadership and motivational policies. The report concludes that continuous employee motivation is crucial for improved productivity and goal attainment. Recommendations include implementing Herzberg's theory to understand employee behaviour and adopting a participative leadership style to foster employee engagement and creativity. Desklib provides access to this and many other student-contributed assignments.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................4
Theory of motivation and its importance in order to attain the set objectives............................4
Theory of Leadership and its importance in order to attain the set objectives............................5
Primary Research Findings and Discussion................................................................................6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................................................7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Organisational behaviour may be defined as the study of how people interact with the
different people and how its principle can be utilized to make the business operate more
effectively and enhance the entire performance. This reports covers the importance of
implementing the motivational and leadership within the business organisation.

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is basically the way in which the employees of the company
interact with each other and carry out the task within the work place (Somani, 2021). The
productivity or the performance of the company is totally depend on the behaviour of the
employees within the business. For the competition of this report Marks and Spencer has been
taken into consideration which is well known multinational clothing brand of united Kingdom.
The following report is based on two topics i.e., motivation and leadership needed within the
business.
TASK
Topic 1
Theory of motivation and its importance in order to attain the set objectives.
Motivation is being considered as one of the most important process which assist in
improving the performance of the employees and motivate them towards attaining the set
objectives of the company. In context to the Marks and Spencer, different types of theories can
be implement by the firm management in order to solve the various problems of the workers and
make them more efficient. The theories has been discussed below: -
Content theories of motivation: -
The content theories of motivation may be defied as the system of needs which motivates
the actions of the people. By implementing the content theories the manager of the Marks and
Spencer give benefits to their employees. In relation to the chosen company the application of
the content theory has been mentioned below: -
Herzberg's two-factor theory: - this is also called the two factor theory which state
there are different types of factors which cause the job satisfaction and the job dissatisfaction
within the workplace and al of them act independently to each other (Hur, 2018). This theory is
divided into two parts which are discussed below: -
 Hygiene Factor: -these are basically those factors which are needed to be present
within the workplace in order to motivate the employees. These factors don't give
positive satisfaction to the employees for a long period of time and absence of these
factors result in job dissatisfaction. There are different types of hygiene factors on which

the manager of the Marks and Spencer need to paid focus and expected to be fulfil.
Some of them discussed below: -
◦ Pay: - the structure of the salary must have to be very appropriate and reasonable
and along with this equal to those who are in the same industry.
◦ Policies: -the manger of the M&S must have to ensure that the policies should not
be to rigid and fair.
◦ Fringe benefits: - to motivate the employees the management have to offer health
care plans tom their employee and their family members.
 Motivational factor: - these factors are the key elements of the elements of the job
which motivate the employees to stay and attain the success in a role. This factor give
the positive satisfaction to their employees for a long period of time and motive them to
perform in a very effective manner (Bevins, 2018). The management of the Marks and
Spencer must have to recognize all the motivational factor in order to motivate the
employees which are are discussed below: -
◦ Recognition: - the manager of the respective company must have to recognize the
employees performance and praised them.
◦ Growth opportunities: - if effective growth opportunities are provided by the
management of the company then this result in motivating the employees and
perform well.
◦ Responsibilities: -the manager must have to minimize the control but retain the
accountability which is a sense of responsibility to the employees for there work.
Topic 2: -
Theory of Leadership and its importance in order to attain the set objectives.
Leadership may be defied as a process by which the manger of the company guide, direct
and influence the behaviour of the employees in order to accomplished the specific goals in a
defined period of time (Al-Malki and Juan, 2018). There are different types of leadership style
which can be implement by the Marks and Spencer manager in order lead their employees. Some
leadership style has been discussed below: -

 Authoritarian leadership styles: - this leadership style may be defined as those style
which allow the leaders to to impose their expectation on their employees and define the
result. But to implement this leader must have to be knowledgeable.
 Participative Leadership: - this is also called the democratic style in which the leaders
allow the team members to to give their opinion and participate in the decision making
process. This result in motivating the employees because they feel engaged and included.
 Delegative leadership style: - this leadership style allowed the leaders to paid focus on
delegating the initiative to the team members (Al Khajeh, 2018). But for this, team
members must have to be very competitive and have the ability to take the responsibility
of work.
 Transactional leadership: - this leadership style is also known as the managerial style in
which the executives relies on the reward and punishment in order to attain the effective
job performance from their employees.
Primary Research Findings and Discussion
Q1. According to you, whether effective leadership style is followed by the M&S in order to
lead the employees towards the company success.
A)YES 80 %
B)NO 20 %
Interpretation: - from the above graph it has been identified that effective leadership style is
adopted by the management of the Marks and Spencer in order to guide the employees. 80
A)YES B)NO
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%

percentage of the employees says that leadership style is good and 20 percentage of the
employees says that manager of the firm have to change the leadership style.
Q2 Do you think, whether the management of the Marks and Spencer appropriate policies
of motivation.
A) YES 70 %
B) NO 30 %
Interpretation: - the above graph states that policies of motivation which are adopted by the
company management are very effective. 70 percent of the company employee are in the favour
of the motivational policies and 30 percent are in against.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that it is very important for the management
of the business organisation to continuous motivate their employees within the workplace. This
not only improves their productivity level for carrying out task but also helps in attaining all the
set goals of the company in proper manner. This report concluded that the chosen firm can adopt
the Herzberg's two-factor theory in order to motivate their employees and enhance their
productivity. This report also concluded the different types of leadership styles which assist the
company manager to lead, guide and direct the employee towards the success of the company.
RECOMMENDATION
 It has been recommended to the management of the Marks and Spencer that by
implementing Herzberg's two-factor theory they can appropriately understand the
A) YES B) NO
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%

behaviour of the employees and maximize their productivity which result in improving
the entire performance of the firm.
 Participative leadership style can be adopts by the manager of the Marks and Spencer in
their management because by involving the employees in the decision making they
become motivated and the level of job satisfaction has been increases. Along with this,
this also result in increasing the creativity within the employees which helps them in
developing positive working environment within the company and attain all the set goals.
By adopting this style they are able to develop a strong team which result in high level of
productivity.

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Somani, P., 2021. Progressing Organisational Behaviour towards a New Normal. Journal of
Economics, Finance and Management Studies, pp.1628-1633.
Hur, Y., 2018. Testing Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation in the public sector: is it
applicable to public managers?. Public Organization Review, 18(3), pp.329-343.
Bevins, D.T., 2018. Herzberg's two factor theory of motivation: A generational study.
Al-Malki, M. and Juan, W., 2018. Leadership styles and job performance: A literature
review. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 3(3), pp.40-49.
Al Khajeh, E.H., 2018. Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance. Journal of
Human Resources Management Research, 2018, pp.1-10.