Literature Review: Staff Motivation Techniques & Productivity Impact

This literature review explores the role of staff motivation techniques in enhancing employee productivity, focusing on the concept and importance of employee motivation, various techniques employed by companies like Marks and Spencer, and the challenges faced during implementation. It highlights that employee motivation encompasses efforts to encourage and retain staff, improve productivity, brand image, and customer service. Marks and Spencer utilize internal social media, staff performance incentives, immediate feedback, and breaks to motivate employees. However, they face issues like low self-confidence, fear of failure, and lack of communication, hindering effective implementation. The review references various books, journals, and online sources to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.

Research and Academic
Writing

Contents
TOPIC: Role of staff motivation techniques on employee productivity.........................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................3
Concept and role of staff motivation techniques.........................................................................3
Staff motivation techniques used by Marks and Spencer for improving productivity and
performance of employees...........................................................................................................4
Issues faced by Marks and Spencer while implementing staff motivation techniques at
workplace.....................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

TOPIC: Role of staff motivation techniques on employee productivity.
TASK 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
It is defined as an overview of the previously published studies on a particular topic of
investigation. In addition to this, it includes various sources such as Books, Journals, articles,
online polls and so on (Deane, 2020). The main objective of literature review is to identify the
research gap from the previous studies. The research questions of study is given below:
Concept and role of staff motivation techniques
According to Rina (2020), Employee motivation is defined as the efforts put by company
in order to encourage its staff members and to retain them for longer time period. In addition to
this, it is important for companies to focus on fulfilling the requirements of staff members and
ensure that employees feel satisfied at workplace so that they can put full potential to attain
objectives. In other words, employee motivation is the level of commitment, creativity and
energy which an organisation’s employees bring to their work. Employees are one of the major
asset for a company and is also the reason of gaining growth and success and for this it is
important to motivate employees. It is analysed that motivated staff members work harder and is
dedicated to implement activities within given time period. It is determined that there are
different factors which encourage staff members such as appreciation, rewards and recognition
of their work, gaining of personal and professional growth and so on (Employee motivation,
2020). There are various benefits gained by an organisation because of implementing staff
motivation techniques such as increasing productivity and efficiency of employees, improvement
in brand image, effective customer service, employee retention and satisfaction, low absenteeism
and many more. Moreover, it also assist company to attain competitive advantage at
marketplace. Almost all the organisation make use of several motivation techniques to increase
the motivation of employees towards work. This also assist in developing positive mind-set of
staff members towards company that further leads to achievement of objectives within set time
frame. One of the major factor that plays an important role for employee motivation is workplace
culture that is maintained when there is good relationship among employees and employers as
well. It is analysed that with the help of employee motivation, company are able to retain
employees which save the cost of hiring new employees and provide training to them as well.

Thus, the concept of staff motivation is vital for an organisation in order to improve productivity
and gain profitability in an effective manner.
Staff motivation techniques used by Marks and Spencer for improving productivity and
performance of employees
According to Elton Mayo, (2020) it is very important to motivate employees in order to
improve their performance as well the level of productivity. In context with Mark and Spencer
also, they implemented several techniques in order to make certain improvements. The different
ways which chosen company used is further described below: -
 Internal social media network: - In order to motivate all the employees, Mark and
Spencer used the way of internal social media which is named as Yammer. It was
helpful in motivating all the staff members as they used to get awarded on the basis of
the work which they do in an organisation. In terms of this, all staff members gets
motivated because on the first page of website, all employees get recognised which
acknowledges their achievements being done.
 Staff performance incentives: - Mark and Spencer also enhances the performance and
productivity of employees with the help of providing incentives on the basis of their
entire work. With the help of this, employees get inspired as well as motivated to
perform better and increase the productivity of organisation also.
 Proving immediate feedback: - It is very important to inspire and motivate employees
on continuous basis so that they could perform in the more efficient way (Employee
motivation in Marks and Spencer, 2020). So, Mark and Spencer used the technique of
providing immediate feedback so that if employees need to make any kind of
improvement, they can do it immediately. With the help of continuous feedback on
performance, it gives workers a strong feeling of achievement of all goals and
objectives and also building up strong interpersonal relations also.
 Encouraging breaks and physical activity: - It was considered as the efficient
technique by chosen company in order to motivate employees. By providing short
breaks to workers on regular basis increases the level of productivity because they
feel more encouraged to do their job. Besides this, they are also less likely to be
distracted as company gives them effective level of break and time for the physical
activity also through which they become more energised.

Issues faced by Marks and Spencer while implementing staff motivation techniques at workplace
As per the view point of Uday, (2018), It is analysed that there are various motivational
technique helps business organisation to motivate their employees towards achieving desired
goals and objectives and enhancing overall performance of the organisation. But it is analysed
that there are number of issues faced by the business organisation while implementing staff
motivational techniques at the workplace. In case of marks and Spencer it is analysed that there
are number of issues faced by them while implementing the motivational techniques at their
workplace such as having low self confidence among the employees. Confidence allows the
employees to perform a particular task in more effective and utilised manner, confidence
effectively contribute in enhancing his performance. But if the employees lacks confidence leads
him to feel unworthy and unable to take right decision. In case of Marks & Spencer, the
management realised some lack of confidence among their employees which unable them to
enhance their performance and achieve desired goals and objectives (Employee motivation
issues, 2018.) The lack of confidence created huge impact on the motivational technique used by
them. In addition to this the another issues faced by the chosen company was the fear of failure.
The fear of failure among the employees will create a sense of lack of success among them
which will stop them to perform better and achieve desired goals. The more fear of failure
among the employees, less they will be motivate in performing task. Marks and Spencer realised
that their employees had a fear of failure which didn't allowed business to effectively implement
the motivational techniques. The last issues faced by the company was the lack of
communication between the employees and management. Communication allows smooth flow
of information in the business organisation also in having clarity of role and responsibilities. But
having lack of communication lead to misunderstanding and directly impacting the smooth
implementation of motivational technique is the chosen company. In addition to this not having
proper coordination among the team members in the chosen business organisation was also one
of the issues faced by the marks and Spencer in implementing motivational techniques.

TASK 2
(Covered in PPT)

REFERENCES
Books & Journal
Alrowwad, A.A. and Abualoush, S.H., 2020. Innovation and intellectual capital as intermediary
variables among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational
performance. Journal of Management Development.
Badia, G., 2020. More Data Collection≠ More Valid Results: A Critical Review of Space
Assessment Methods in Academic Libraries. New Review of Academic
Librarianship, 26(2-4), pp.214-230.
Cherezova, Y., Khalimanenko, S. and Zasova, L., 2021. Commercial and Budget Organizations'
Staff Motivation Systems in the Russian Health Care Sector: Comparative
Analysis. Calitatea, 22(180), pp.155-159.
de Dieu Basabose, J., 2019. Research Approach, Research Design and Data Collection Methods.
In Anti-corruption Education and Peacebuilding (pp. 81-117). Springer, Cham.
Deane, A., 2020. SELF-MOTIVATION AND STAFF LEARNING. Journal of Character
Education: Vol. 16# 2, 16(2), p.49.
Kyza and et. al., 2019. Collecting ecologically valid data in location-aware augmented reality
settings: A comparison of three data collection techniques. International Journal of
Mobile and Blended Learning (IJMBL), 11(2), pp.78-95.
Na-Nan, K. and Sanamthong, E., 2019. Self-efficacy and employee job performance: Mediating
effects of perceived workplace support, motivation to transfer and transfer of
training. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management.
Sabbagha, M. D. S., Martins, N. and Ledimo, O., 2018, May. Conceptual model of employee
motivation and job satisfaction for staff retention practices in foreign exchange banking
context. In ICMLG 2018 6th International Conference on Management Leadership and
Governance (p. 309). Academic Conferences and publishing limited.
Xu, X. and Hickman, L.D., 2020. Data Collection in Quantitative Studies. Nursing and
Midwifery Research: Methods and Appraisal for Evidence Based Practice, p.194.
Online
Employee motivation, 2020 [online] Available through;
https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/human-resource-management/employee-
motivation/employee-motivation/32360
Employee motivation in Marks and Spencer, 2020 [online] Available through;
https://desklib.com/document/employee-motivation-in-marks-and-spencer/
Employee motivation issues, 2018 [online] Available through;
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/five-major-employee-motivation-problems-uday-veer