Organisational Behaviour Report: Tesco PLC - Motivational Theories

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on Tesco PLC as a case study. It explores the influence of power, culture, and politics on individual and team performance, examining various motivational theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and Vroom's expectancy theory. The report evaluates how these theories and motivational techniques enable the effective achievement of organisational goals. Additionally, it delves into the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams, offering insights into team dynamics and performance. The report also covers the concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour, providing a holistic understanding of the subject.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2) Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques,
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context............................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an
ineffective team...........................................................................................................................9
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................13
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour......................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................15

Table of Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2) Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques,
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context............................................7
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an
ineffective team..........................................................................................................................10
Task 4 ............................................................................................................................................14
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour......................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the process through which knowledge is being gained after
the study that has been done by the individual or a group that has been working in an
organization. Such kind of study mark out the behaviour that an individual possess while
performing work in an organization. Also it affects the job structure, communication
performance and leadership. Under this a study is being conducted over person behaving with
works of an organization. It has been helping to deal over various aspects of workplace like
motivating employees, performance of workers. This helps an organization to make strong bond
between workforce members. This report is based on organizational behaviour of Tesco plc that
is one of the largest retailer's in Britain and has headquarters in Welwyn garden city UK. Things
to be covered in this report is influence of cultural, politics and power performance of an
organization. Different motivational theories and philosophies of an organization is explained.
TASK 1
Influence of power on individual and team
Power is that kind of higher authority which is embedded within the organization to an
individual. It has to be utilized by the manger or the CEO because they impact the process of
accomplishing a task to make it achieved in efficient manner with the prescribed time limit. In
also involves various authorities that are there to give appraisals and rewards by analysing the
performance of an employee during the task. It makes decision for betterment of an organization
and also certain theories are there that has to be used by Tesco plc to make an impact upon the
behaviour of individual or on a team. Also these theories are there to help in forming a
mechanism which leads towards better and faster result out of a task that has been performed.
Due to such theories employees can be made more firm in achieving of task. Further certain
theories has been explained as follows and are discussed as:
 Coercive power- Such power of an individual is being given to manager for managing of
day to day activities of employees. Tesco plc has given this power to an individual for
managing all kids of daily activities of employees and performance of each individual.
 Reward power- As per this power has been given to an individual that has the
responsibility over giving the appraisal, promotion. Also provides training and
development for the improvising of skills. Such power is being given to board of

directors because they provide proper distribution of rewards as per the work done by an
employee and there performance (Mansouri, Singh and Khan, 2018).
 Legitimate power- Under this an employee has been given the authority as per the
position of employee. In Tesco such power is being embedded with the CEO that makes
appropriate control possible within the organization in order to make working of an
individual possible in an organization like Tesco.
 Referent power- It is the powers that has been assigned to have impact upon individual
of an organization. Tesco has given the power which has assigned tom leaders and
motivate them in future in proper manner.
 Expert power- As per this the power is being assigned to that employees having variant
knowledge about the element to be used. Tesco plc such power has been allotted to
mangers of the and they are responsible for the activities to be performed in the
organization.
 Informational power- Such power is been given to ability for managing of information
of financial report. Tesco plc., is being provided such power to CEO that manages reports
which reflects image of an organization in mark (Majumdar, 2018) et.
Influence of politics on individual and team
Politics has a very important kind of impact upon an organizations. This is helpful in
making valid decision within timely manner. Managers of Tesco has to take different decisions
and manages policies over different aspects of an organization. Some factors that has been
influencing and managing. Further the factors that is impacting behaviour of politics has been
explained as follows:
 Decrease in the productivity- Such policies have been bringing negative in an
organization and it is going to m impact over objectives of an organizations. As the target
of an organization cannot be achieved in a particular period of time.
 Spoils the Ambience- Also politics is going to disturb the environment of an
organization and is spoiling relationship of employees.
 Change in attitude of employees- Policies can also change the mind-set of employees
and creates inequality of an organization.
Influence of culture on individual and team

Under this various factors has been affecting values of organization in Tesco plc culture
is being formed through employees and their contribution. It has been further defined in the
Handy's cultural typology model and is divided into four parts and has been explained as
follows:1. Power culture- This has been contributing over the centralised control in an organization
and Tesco has been working upon larger scale that is why power has to be there to
control working of employees and is required to enhance the performance of an
organization.2. Role culture- This has been formed by the roles and responsibility that are to be
performed by mangers of Tesco that is power to assign different roles according to the
skills and talent of an employee.3. Person culture- It has been providing all the opportunities in order to show the abilities
and Tesco has been motivating employees to create innovation in ideas.4. Task culture- This is there to help employees to perform the best out of there
capabilities. Tesco has to work with more efficiency and effectiveness in order to
accomplish the task in better way.
Impact of power, culture and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance
individual behaviour and
performance
team behaviour and
performance
Power If an employee is not able to
perform well or do their work
in proper manner. This creates
negative impact over the
performance and also provides
various problems in the
working culture of an
organization.
Utilization of power is excess
has an impact over employees
and his performance. It is
going to make loss of his
interest also in the work of the
employees.
Culture If power has been assigned or
given to wrong person’s hands
then it is going to change
If there is change in culture
then all employees is required
to change pattern of work or

working culture and makes
employee attains
dissatisfaction with the
organization. Also this makes
the work not to be done on
time.
else it is going to have
negative impact on
performance of an
organization. That is why work
is not able to complete in the
given time period.
Politics If there is more politics in an
organization then performance
is going to be impacted. Due
to this all consequences has to
bear by the organization. As
problem occurs between
employee and colleague.
Introducing of politics by
individual and team
performance is going to
decrease because of changes
take place in the attitude
towards work (Larijani and
Saravi-Moghadam, 2018).
TASK 2
P2) Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques, enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context
Content theory of motivation: This theory has been describing about the changes that is
needed according to human needs for changing time and explaining about various factors in
which the organization feels motivated. Tesco uses this theory for providing motivation to
employees that is going to ultimately improve the ability of achieving goals and objectives of an
organization. Certain content theories relate to this has been explained as follows:
Maslow's theory of motivation: In this theory Maslow has explained about motivation
and various factors that is affecting it. In order to make the concept more clear a pyramid has
been made that creates five level which defines about the basic require to keep behavioural
motivation alive in an organization. The five level are being explained as follows:

 Physiological need: Under this basic need has been deal with which are necessary for
survival only. Safety need: In this financial security, health and wealth stability etc. Things important
for life security is deal under this stage. Social need: Social needs has to be defined as the love and belongingness that is part of
relationships status.
 Self- esteem: The main meaning of this is self-respect and making individual feel it’s
worth and value in front of others.
 Self-actualisation: Under this a belief is that everything or anything is done in life is only
for the purpose of better performing. In this there has been capability and potential within
an employee that can be displayed at times in an organization.
Tesco can utilize the theory in order to motivate an employee for getting the needs to be
achieved in appropriate manner and basic needs of employees has required to be taken care
because this is going to make their confidence high and is also going to provide strength to
employees by keeping them stable. All of it is reflected within the performance shown by them.
Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation: It is being defined as the factor that had
impacted workforce in order to gain proper outcome with satisfaction for Herzberg’s. There are
two factors that is there to achieve this and they are hygiene and motivation factor. Further both
factors has been explained in detail as follows:
 Hygiene factor: Hygiene factor has been including various aspects which has been
involved in an organization. This is required for motivating employees and if it is not
there then satisfaction cannot be attained within the employees which leads to no
satisfaction. The psychological needs which is required by all. Various things are
included in it like security of job, organizations policies with rules and regulation etc
(Jacobs and Manzi, 2020).
 Motivation factor: Such factors leads towards positive impact within an organization
that is leading over motivating employees to give better performance and give confidence
to employees over performing. Under this factors has been included over growth and

development recognition, authority. This has been making promotion and is affecting all
employees by motivating them.
Tesco is going to use Herzberg’s two factor theory and has been focusing upon both the
factors in order to motivate the employees and maintaining hygiene. It makes satisfied needs
and also performance of employees.
Maslow’s theory is going to be used for motivating because it involves step which helps in
motivating employees. Tesco is there to provide basic need and then individual’s needs is also
satisfied as per the performance done by them. Also individuals performance is being enhanced
that impacts growth of an organization.
Process theory of motivation: Under this theory motivation of an employee has to work
under certain manner. Such theory has been involving that how an individual changes his
behaviour as per the needs that are there to achieve goals in an organization. Various types of
theories are there that has been motivating employees in order to help in achieving an
organization goals in an organization like Tesco.
Vroom expectancy theory: Vroom expectancy theory has been referred over changes
within behaviour of employee as per the goals set by an organization. Vroom has stated that
performance of employees differ due to various factors as per the skills, knowledge, experience
and ability. This has to be stated that motivating an individual has been linked through
performance and effort. Also motivation includes expectancy, instrumentality and valence that
helps in making motivation possible. Expectancy is related to that kind of efforts that has been
leading over performance through right job, resources and support job. Instrumentality this is
related to performance and well an outcome is received. Also thins makes performance and
outcome efficient over decision making. Valence has to deal with rewards that has been given
after the performance in a task with the marked outcome achieved (Hackett and et. al., 2018).
Tesco is going to use this theory for motivating employee by helping them gaining
reward as per the performance over fulfilling of needs as per the employee’s effort.
Goal-setting theory: Goal setting has been including over developing plan that is going
to lead motivation of persons to accomplish goals. These goals are helpful in order to provide
direction that leads to an individual top perform during task and evaluation is done through

efforts that is required from completing a task in the specified time which helps in enhancing of
performance. Various factors are included in that helps in achieving of goals:
 Self-sufficiency: This means that an person has been relating over performing with
dependence upon confidence, spirit that an individual holds or reflects efforts that has
been put for achieving of goals. It is completely dependent upon effort over increasing
affect.
 Goal commitment: Goals commitment is one of the most important things that is
required for achieving of target and making persons performance increase the effect on
achievements within an organization.
Tesco is going to use this process from motivating its employees by making him realise
about the goal and being more focused over the commitment made towards target of success to
attain gaols out of it.
Tesco is going to use Vroom expectancy theory that leads for attaining of better results
over the performance that is going to increase due to performance. This is going to motivate
employees in order to attain outcome of an performance to get motivated.
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.
Tesco is going to use Maslow’s theory of motivation and Vroom expectancy theory for
motivating of employees. Tesco use this theory to fulfil the basic needs of the employee and after
this effort of employees is also seen towards achieving of goals. Another theory is there Vrooms
expectancy that deals with performance and gaining outcomes in terms of rewards as per the
effort that an individual put for goal achievement. Tesco using these theory is going to get an
outcome that makes effective result achieving possible for both (Gkorezis and Petridou, 2017).
TASK 3
P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective
team
Effective team: Team is that kind of group or persons who has come together for
achieving of gaols and objectives that are being set in the form of target by organization or by an
individual. And strong team is going to define ability over achieving target in effective and

efficient manner which increases productivity with confidence. Efficient team is that which is
having great coordination with faith target to be achieved.
Characteristic of effective team: There are some characteristic of effective team these
are as follow as: More focused: Major focus is over achieving of goals and objectives that has to be
achieved by the organization. Clear goals: Team should always be focused upon the goals for which they are required
for performing with coordination. Communication: This is considered to be an important characteristics that has to be there
within the persons in order to understand everything about the work that has to be done. Risk takers: Efficient team and its members is considered to be the risk taker for
achieving of target. Trust and believe: There should be trust between team members because it brings more
effectiveness within the achievement of task. .
 Mutual decision-making: Team every individual has own way to handle a task and has
unique ideas to achieve it. So, there should be mutual consent between the team members
to agree to a point.
Factor of effective team: Various factors are there and are being explained as follows: Clear roles and responsibility: An effective team member is known about roles and
responsibility that has been effective in making work done in smooth manner. Leadership: It is the ability which is related over providing guidance and helps in
achieving of gaols in an organization. Clear objectives: There has to be a clear objective. Also it is helps to work in clear
direction over enhancing of clear growth.
 Learning and development: Efficiency in team is going to lead over learning and
developing of efficiency that is going to make targets achieved in any kind of situation.
 Ineffective team: This is going make achieving of task with goals and objectives or else
not understanding the task has been resulted in making team members not working in
proper manner (Erbasi, 2017).
Characteristic of ineffective team: Various characteristics are required to be efficient in terms
and has been explained as follows:

Lack of trust and believe: There has to be trust in team members or else confusion is going
to arise.
Lack of communication: Communication is the source through which information is of very
critical and can read over complex
Lack of commitment: If commitment is not there then goals can be achieved through
negative effect
Unleaded objectives: As in the objective and goals if it is not clear then unbalanced
environment is going to take place (Eissa and et. al., 2019).
Factors of ineffective team: There are various factors that has been ineffective which has been
impacting and has been explained further:
Poor time management: If managing of time not been done then it is going to lead upon
causing inconvenience within team towards achieving of goals or completing a task.
Ineffective interaction: This is going to lead over causing lack of communication that is
going to make over leading towards not achieving of goals.
Difference between effective and ineffective team:
Effective team Ineffective team
Objectives Focusing is over objects that is
going to be focused.
Unleaded objectives
Management This has been define as a proper
channel.
Roles and
responsibility
For creating of role and
responsibility with descent work
force.
No one understand the roles
and responsibility and that
create uneven environment
Communication Efficiency should be there in
communication.
No communication
Belbin theory: Belbin has marked out that an individual consists of his own behaviour and
also contains various set of functions or role within an organization. If role of individual has to
be known then it is going to provide the analysis of weakness that is going to be impactful upon

task accomplishment and over performance of team. Under this various roles of a team has been
defined that are to be performed by a team or an individual and this is going to be helpful in
performing of team. Some team roles has been explained as follows:
Team worker: Team work is one of the most important thing that is dealing over different
situation with efficiency. Also team work is helping an individual over achieving goals and
maintaining the efficiency within the team. Due to this only management is having coordination
over decision making team in effective manner.
Coordinator: Coordinating is the one that has been managed by the team that has been helping
members of team in order to accomplish the goals. Also this is going to lead over coordination
that is confident, calm and composed over creativity. Major goal has to be controlled over team
that is going to lead over efficiency within performance.
Specialist: Specialist is that kind of depth about a particular thing within a situation that has been
helping over building solutions to it. Also specialist have a commitment goal that has been to be
accomplished with self-confidence and dedication. They are the one helping a team for
overcoming various kinds of situation which makes enhancement in team working.
Implementer: This is the implementation which is based over the strategy and decision that is to
be carried out in effective manner. Also implementer has to be one of the most practical that has
been turning idea into framework and give positive approach at working environment (Dunphy,
2016).

Task 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Path goal theory of leadership- Direct Management in an organization is required for
the purpose of organizing and adapting of leadership style. According behaviour of the
workplace and employees needs leadership style is selected. Major purpose of utilizing this
theory is to bring motivation and maximizing of theory is to bring motivation among staff and
maximising their behaviour at work in order to make employee give all his or her contribution
over the achievement of objectives and goal within an organization. The theory related to this is
Path goal which is going to help Tesco in a way that it makes characteristics and enhances
working model that is very much required for performing of work at organizational level. That is
why utilizing of such theories is helpful in making capabilities of employee easy over managing
an strong decision making mechanism that helps in making employees to take right decision in
an organization. If Tesco uses participative leadership style is going to make mangers attain
feedback and suggestion by the employees or staff members. Such suggestions is going to make
decision making possible under difficult circumstances (Balwant, 2018).
Classification of path goal theory-
Employee’s characteristics- An employee is able to gain knowledge over the factors that
has been helping in motivating of employees with rewards. It is there over facilitating employees
to gain knowledge’s over the factors that has to be motivated upon performing of employees.
Under this rewards, training and flexible working opinion is there. In relation to Tesco includes
rewards. Under this reward, training and modification in working options to ease down the
working. In relation to Tesco its managers has to identify all factors and has to meet the
requirements within the time period specified. As this makes behaviour of employees better and
enhanced.
Task and environmental characteristics- This involves all the activities that are
allocated to the employees as per the skills and capacity that is being hold by them in the form of
knowledge to gain maximum satisfaction in the future. In relation to this Tesco's manager is
required to conduct a survey at the workplace to identify its requirement upon performing task
and completing it within the given period of time.

Leadership styles- This is going to help mangers in guiding and keeping check over the
employees within an organization. Lot of styles are there for guiding of people. Further are being
discussed as follows:
Participative style- In this style employee has been given opportunity to gain suggestion and
views under decision making mechanism. This is going to maximize profitability out of the work
done by employees and its end result.
Directive style- As per this style, manger has been directing employees for following decision
without question. It also brings pre-determine decision and is going to have negative impact at
performance level (Aderibigbe, Nwokolo and Oluwole, 2019).
Motivational factors: These are considered to be one of major’s element that is being imp
acting employees understanding the role.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded form the above report performance and productivity in an
organization has been developed according to the behaviour that has been shown by the
employees. Motivation is also required to be given to employee which can be given through
Maslow and Vrooms theories. Further in this report working with team helps in building of
coordination with togetherness and then Path Goal theory is being explained for applying of
assistance to guide employees for achieving of organizational goals and objectives. In the end
characteristics has been covered of employees.

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