Motivation Theories and Application in the Modern Workplace

This essay explores the concept of motivation and its significance in managing people and systems within a dynamic business environment. It delves into various motivation theories, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Hertzberg's two-factor theory, and Vroom's expectancy theory, explaining their core principles and how they influence employee behavior. The essay further elaborates on Maslow's hierarchy, detailing physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs. It also examines the application of Maslow's hierarchy within a modern workplace context, using Tesco as an example to illustrate how organizations can address these needs to motivate their workforce and achieve organizational goals effectively. The essay concludes by emphasizing the importance of motivation in enhancing employee performance and organizational success.

MANAGING PEOPLE
AND SYSTEMS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Different theories of motivation.............................................................................................3
Detailed discussion about motivational theory.......................................................................4
Modern workplace..................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
Online.....................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The business environment is dynamic in nature as it continuously changing. For this, it
become important to manage all the individual who are working in the organisation. There are
several ways to manage the people and system. For this report, the topic which is considered is
motivation which is required to complete the assigned task within given period of time. The
following essay is based on motivation which is related to the theories of motivation and how
they are applied within the modern workplace.
MAIN BODY
Motivation is considered as the desire, want and need among the individuals. Motivation is the
process that influence the people to work and achieve the objectives and goals. Prominently, it is
the willing of an individual which is helpful for employees to perform their best. It is also
essential to motivate the workforce so that they are able to perform the task in an effective
manner (Arnn, 2019). There are several factors which are useful in motivating the workforce.
For instance, because of COVID-19 employees feel demotivated as it is important to motivate
the workforce and also make them feel comfortable. In respect of this, Tesco enhance the
communication with their workforce which is useful to keep the workforce motivated and
achieve their goals and objectives in an effective manner.
Different theories of motivation
Employees can be motivated using a variety of motivation theories. The following are
some of the theories:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow is the author of the theory. Individual needs are arranged in a
hierarchy, according to the notion. It is thought that once one need has been met, the next one
will arise. When a person's basic needs are met, it is natural for them to seek more. The
following are the requirements under this theory:
 Physiological
 Safety
 Social
 Self-esteem
 Self-actualization

Hertzberg’s two factor theory
According to this view, there are two basic categories of requirements. Hygiene and
motivation are the two elements to consider. The hygiene considerations are crucial since they
help to ensure that employees are not unsatisfied and help to improve employee performance.
Motivation is not guaranteed by hygienic conditions alone. (Silvestrelli, 2018) Motivational
components are required. However, the presence of incentive variables isn't enough. As a result,
both sanitary and motivating components are required.
Vroom’s theory of expectancy
Victor Vroom proposes this theory. Employees are more productive and motivated to
attain goals and objectives, according to this belief. The primary cause is outlined below:
 Employees feel that their efforts will pay off and that they will be successful.
 They also understand that their hard work will be rewarded.
It has been noticed that when employees are able to understand the relationship between
their efforts and their performance, they work more. Employees begin to work harder to improve
their performance because they know it will help them earn more money.
Detailed discussion about motivational theory
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Individuals have particular needs, according to this theory. All of these requirements
appear one after the other. In other words, if one degree of a person's need is met, the next level
of need emerges. The following are all of the requirements:

Physiological needs: This is a person's primary need, often known as the basic need.
Food, housing, air, water, clothing, sleep, and other biological necessities are all necessary for an
individual's life. All of these are necessary for a person's survival. The person has no additional
needs until he is able to meet his basic needs.
Safety needs: Following the satisfying of fundamental necessities, safety concerns arise.
Every person desire to live in a safe and secure environment, and this desire is based on the same
(Veinović, 2017). The family and society can meet the requirement. Financial security,
fearlessness, emotional security, property, social stability, and health and wellbeing are all
essential.
Love and belongingness needs: When a person feels safe, they are motivated to fulfil
their desires for love and belonging. Humans enjoy forming bonds with one another and are
emotionally linked (Saviano and et. al., 2018). This requirement is dependent on the formation of
social relationships. They enjoy being a member of a team and collaborating. Intimacy,
friendship, trust, and receiving, accepting, and giving affection and love are examples of love
and belongingness needs.
Esteem needs: Respect is linked to self-esteem. Individuals seek respect in accordance
with Maslow's hierarchy. Every single person with whom he has a social reputation. They are
well-known and respected by everyone (Tajino, Smith and Kanamaru, 2019). Every individual,
at every level, requires respect and the ability to work with dignity and self-esteem. It aids in
their motivation and effective completion of prescribed tasks.
Self-actualization needs: It is the most important need in Maslow's hierarchy. The need
is based on an individual's full potential, personal progress, and self-fulfilment. All of a person's
desires are fulfilled at the cognitive level, and this is referred to as self-actualisation.
Modern workplace
Business organisations are upgrading their working methods in today's world. Tesco, for
example, is a worldwide corporation with operations all over the world. The company's
headquarters are in the United Kingdom. Tesco employs 423,092 people, and the corporation
strives to manage them all effectively (TESCO PLC, 2021). The organisation employs cutting-
edge technology and provides excellent training to its personnel in order for them to operate
efficiently. In order to successfully achieve the organization's aims and objectives, competent

advice and assistance are required. The organisation is undergoing a great deal of change. The
organisation can attain its aims and objectives with the help of its CEO and good advice.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in Tesco
Physiological needs: Tesco employees receive their basic salary on schedule in this
regard. This enables them to meet their fundamental needs for food, shelter, and water.
Employees are compensated handsomely for their efforts. In regard of the respective company,
their manager tends to provide them basic pay on the basis of analysing the significant or
primary needs of their employees like food, clothes, accommodations. For instance, if company
hire an employee from other area then they will provide them accommodation services or
company accommodation to fulfil their basic need.
Safety needs: In terms of requirements for safety, Tesco ensures the safety and security
of its workers (Cocchi, Mazzocut and Mis, 2020). Their jobs are secure, and they are covered by
medical insurance. Employees will feel more secure at work as a result of this. Here, the
manager of company provide safety needs to their employees like job security, compensation and
so on by which employees feel motivated to perform their assigned job role.
Love and belongingness needs: Tesco has a great working atmosphere, which is why all
of the employees are encouraged to complete the tasks assigned to them. All employees are
assigned to group tasks in which they engage and work efficiently (Ibrahim, Syed-Mohamad and
Husin, 2019). The organisation is well-coordinated, which aids the corporation in meeting its
goals and objectives on schedule. In this, the manager of Tesco tends to provide proper support
and guidance to their workforce so that will feel worthy and importance within the organisation
and work with full potential to achieve their assigned task or goal.
Esteem needs: The organisation values all of its employees. In the company, there is no
discrimination. Employees are treated with respect, which keeps them motivated. The
organisation looks after all of the employees' self-esteem needs and assists them in working
efficiently. Here, the manager of Tesco properly analyse the esteem needs of their workforce by
giving them proper respect and also motivate them regarding their assigned job role.
Self-actualization needs: This is the final requirement in the hierarchy. The employee is
capable of achieving achievement and development. At this stage, the employees of Tesco tend
to evaluate their own capabilities and achievements by analysing their working pattern and
overall hierarchy that helps them in evaluating their work.

All of these requirements are arranged in a hierarchy, and as one is met, the next one arises.
Employees are inspired to pursue their next goal. It assists Tesco in achieving all of its aims and
objectives, as well as achieving success.

CONCLUSION
Motivation, as defined in the preceding essay, is a desire that aids a person's ability to work
efficiently. Employees have a variety of requirements that must be met. With the help of
examples, there is a debate of the concept of motivation. In this essay, other motivation theories
are also examined. Finally, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is discussed in relation to the modern
workplace.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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readiness, response, and recovery: A collaborative synthesis. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-
185. Newtown Square, PA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 144-155.,
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Cocchi, S., Mazzocut, M. and Mis, C.C., 2020. 3 Managing Health Information to Improve
Health Literacy. In Growing Community Health Literacy through Libraries (pp. 46-68).
De Gruyter Saur.
Ibrahim, M.M.A., Syed-Mohamad, S.M. and Husin, M.H., 2019, February. Managing quality
assurance challenges of DevOps through analytics. In Proceedings of the 2019 8th
International Conference on Software and Computer Applications (pp. 194-198).
Saviano, M and et. al., 2018. Managing protected areas as cultural landscapes: The case of the
Alta Murgia National Park in Italy. Land Use Policy, 76, pp.290-299.
Silvestrelli, P., 2018. Managing Changes into International Markets. Flexible Structures and
Knowledge Sharing for Firm Competitiveness. International Journal of Economic
Behavior (IJEB), 8(1), pp.3-18.
Tajino, A., Smith, C. and Kanamaru, T., 2019. Toward managing language pedagogy and
language teaching research. A Systems Approach to Language Pedagogy, pp.1-10.
Veinović, M., 2017. Managing Risks by Federating Identities in Digital Economy. In Sinteza
2017-International Scientific Conference on Information Technology and Data Related
Research (pp. 30-34). Singidunum University.
Online
TESCO PLC. 2021. [Online] Available through: <https://www.tescoplc.com/>