Report on Motivation Theories and Their Application at Jack Store

This report examines motivation theories, including McClelland's Need Theory and Skinner's Reinforcement Theory, and their application within a business context, specifically focusing on Tesco's Jack discount store. The report explores both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, discussing how these theories can be used to enhance employee performance, productivity, and profitability. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each theory, providing practical recommendations for the Jack store to improve employee engagement, reduce turnover, and outperform competitors like Aldi and Lidl. The report also considers the use of positive and negative reinforcement techniques, emphasizing the importance of aligning employee needs with organizational goals. The conclusion highlights the crucial role of motivation in achieving both individual and organizational objectives, emphasizing the need for long-term employee relationships to boost productivity and profitability.

MOTIVATION
THEORY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Motivation helps the individual to enhance their qualities and knowledge in order to
perform the task suitably. It act as a drive that pushes the effort of an individual to work
successfully. Tesco is one of the leading companies of UK that provide wide range of household
commodities to the consumer (Chevallier and et. al., 2012). Although it keep on expanding its
retail store but recently company has opened discounted store named Jack which is a competitor
of Aldi as well as Lidl. For better understanding report cover following topic such as different
motivation theory along with it merit and demerits that can help Jack discount store are covered
within this report.
MAIN BODY
Motivation: Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic but their purpose is to enhance the
performance of an individual to increase the productivity as well as profitability for an
organisation. Within intrinsic motivation an individual itself remain motivated to accomplish
their task and satisfy their need. On contrary, under extrinsic motivation the other party or
surrounding of an individual motivate them through reward, indigence, appraisal or recognition
to achieve the benchmark.
McClelland theory:
This theory includes the three different needs that is need for achievement, affiliation and
power that emphasize on satisfying an existing need of an individual. Additionally, need for
achievement refer to ability of an to accomplish the competency, affiliation need refer to the
need of affection, belongingness and love (Deterding, 2012). Moreover, need of power means
control over self as well as others work.
Application of McClelland need
Achievement motivation: Achievement need emphasize on the skill, success, standard
as well, as competency that an individual wants to achieve in their life. Thus, Jack store of Tesco
must provide training and development session to their employee so that they can embrace their
skills. Along with that store must provide proper appraisal programme as well as positive
reinforcement technique so that the employee will remain motivated to accomplish their
objective.
1

Affiliation motivation: People have strong desire for social group as well as friendship
need so that they can satisfy their belonging need. Herein, Jack store must bing strong
interpersonal relation with their staff which enhances the feeling of cooperation rather than
competition within the organisation ( Dörnyei and Ushioda, 2013). Thus it also helps the
company to reduce their turnover or absenteeism rate by enhancing productivity of overall
organisation.
Authority or Power need: People who are at higher position or status can influence the
work of other member of organisation. The manager of Jack store should utilise their power in an
efficient manner so that productive result can be achieved. Further, supervisor must build task
oriented structure so that company can overpower their competitors that is Aldi and Lidl.
Advantage
 Task are allocated based on the need of an individual which motivate them to accomplish
their task successfully.
 Respective theory make an effort to satisfy the employee because manpower are an asset
of company that helps company to achieve their target successfully (Herzberg, 2017).
Disadvantage
 It ignores the basic need of an individual which is the primary need of an individual.
 If an organisation matches the position of an individual with their need then it may act as
a problem for manager to satisfy each individuals needs. For instance, If staff prefer need
for power then manager can not satisfy everyone's need as vacancy may be less in
comparison to applicant.
Skinner's reinforcement theory:
This reinforcement theory consist of two consequences such as positive reinforcement or
negative reinforcement that helps to build the behaviour of an individual. It basically focuses on
motivation of an individual that helps to shape the performance of an individual by minimising
the negative circumstances.
Application of Skinner's reinforcement theory
Positive reinforcement: It include monetary incentive (promotion, incentive, salary
hike) and non monetary incentive (appreciation, recognition) that encourages the performance of
an individual. Thus, Jack store must provide constructive feedback as well as growth security to
their employee which will motivate them to put maximum effort (Paris and Turner, 2012).
2

Negative reinforcement: It refer to the punishment, demotion or even termination if an
individual remain unsuccessful to perform their duties. Though this is harsh to face but the fear
of negative reinforcement motivate the individual to conduct their performance in an expected
manner. In context to Jack Store must give warning as well as feedback if an individual's
performance is not up to the mark. Along with that company can set performance criteria which
will keep employee updated regarding their performance (Weiner, 2012).
Advantage
 Positive reinforcement method will help the staff to enhance their competencies,
performance as well as stress level within the work place as employee know motivating
incentives are associated with their performances.
 It builds the confidence and helps to maintain the pleasure experience of an individual.
Disadvantage
 Though positive or negative reinforcement methods helps an individual to remain
motivated toward goal but can may cause lack of cooperation among the member of
organisation, unhealthy competition, increases the chances of stress, anxiety or fatigue
(Weiner, 2013).
 Punishment or demotion can create the negative image of company in the eyes of
employee also it increase the absenteeism rate that affect the productivity of firm.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that motivation plays a significant role in the
lives of the members of organisation. It pushes the individual to achieve their as well as
organisational objective by accomplishing the target of business significantly. Thus, it is the
responsibility of firm to keep their staff encourages by binding long term relationship with them.
Further, it increases the employee engagement as well as retain the new as well as existing
employee for longer duration to enhance the productivity and profitability of an organisation.
3

REFRENCES
Books and Journal
Chevallier, C. and et. al., 2012. The social motivation theory of autism. Trends in cognitive
sciences. 16(4). pp.231-239.
Deterding, S., 2012. Gamification: designing for motivation. Interactions. 19(4). pp.14-17.
Dörnyei, Z. and Ushioda, E., 2013. Teaching and researching: Motivation. Routledge.
Herzberg, F., 2017. Motivation to work. Routledge.
Paris, S. G. and Turner, J. C., 2012. Situated motivation. In Student motivation, cognition, and
learning (pp. 229-254). Routledge.
Weiner, B., 2012. Human motivation. Springer Science & Business Media.
Weiner, B., 2013. Human motivation. Psychology Press.
Online
Motivation, 2018. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.studyandexam.com/motivation-
meaning-types.html >.
4