Leadership and Management Roles, Theories and Operations at M&S

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management practices within the context of Marks & Spencer (M&S). It begins by defining and comparing the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their differing responsibilities and focuses. The report then examines how leadership and management roles apply in various situations, particularly within the M&S organization. It delves into various leadership theories and models, such as situational leadership, system leadership, and contingency theory, and discusses their application in enhancing team performance and productivity. Furthermore, the report explores key approaches to operations management, including Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, and Lean theory, emphasizing their importance in improving business productivity and customer satisfaction. It also highlights the crucial role of operations management in achieving business objectives and identifies factors within the business environment that impact operational management and decision-making. The report underscores the significance of clear vision, employee motivation, and effective planning in achieving organizational goals, concluding with recommendations to address identified problems and enhance operational efficiency within M&S.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager for
M&S............................................................................................................................................3
P2- the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situation. ..................4
P.3 Different theories and model approaches in M&S...............................................................5
P.4 key approaches to operations management...........................................................................7
P.5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives............8
P.6 Factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers..................................................................................9
CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is a standout amongst the most imperative undertakings in the
association as with legitimate administration of operations, the association can successfully
accomplish the objectives and destinations. Other than this, the association for this situation can
embraced different strategy that can help firm in gaining competitive advantage in the market. In
this project M&S association has been taken into consideration. The firm is one of the leading
retailer in the UK with more than 454 international store spread all over the world. The report
will concentrate on the parts and qualities of the pioneer and contrast in their working. Further,
unique authority speculations will be connected in M&S for successful working of the
association. Then again, the anxiety will be focused on all the component that has it effects on
various business activities. In addition, some recommendation will be made in order to determine
the problems. To wrap things up, the report will likewise accentuate on the significance and
estimation of the operation's administration that can assist firm in accomplishing its goals and
objectives.
P1 Different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager for M&S
Both manger and leader play important part in Mark and Spencer. The leader where is
responsible to provide guidance and direction to the employee. Manager at the same time is
responsible to organise and manage various work that is performed in organisation. M&S is one
of the big firm that operate worldwide. In order to maintain the efficiency and performance of
the firm its necessary of the leader to provide guidance to their employees so that they can
perform well. Leader and management both are essential part of the firm who play different role
and have responsibility for the management of employee. The major difference between this two
is that where leader is responsible for the employee under its team, manager is responsible for
entire company. The leaders are the one who guide and direct employee so that they can
contribute in the success of the firm. While manger is responsible for the proper allocation of the
resources and making sure that its all available to employee so that they can perform well.
Area of difference LEADER MANAGER
Definition Leader is the key person who
will lead the organisation team
to achieve the organisation
objectives.
Manager is the key person in
the organisation who will
control the firm through
theories and approaches to

organise the different work in
M&S.
Focus Leader will be focus to
achieve the objective of the
M&S which are match with
mission and vision (Casolino,
2012).
Manger will focus to execute
each and every plan accordion
to systematic way.
Decision making process Leader will always involved
in the decision making
process.
Manager will involve to take
the short term decision making
process in the organisations.
Power As the power of the of leader
will to take the high risk and
lead the team in their style.
Manger have less power to take
any decision without the
approval of higher authority.
Personality The leader have the
personality is to motivate and
boost the team for better
performance in the
organisations.
Manager have the personality to
build healthy relation with
employees with cool and
dynamic personality.
Risk Leader have high risk
involved in their work and
some decision of the leader
will involve to the employees.
They are the person who don't
have risk due to adverse
planning in t each and ever
task. They will take the risk in
term of taking high risk in
financial.
P2- Role of a leader and manager in different situation.
Mark and Spencer is the leading association with various capacities along with the part that are
pioneer that is essential for them to be connected in certain circumstance. In order to help the
group so that they can meet the goal and objectives of the task given to them, the pioneer part of
the cited firm is to emphatically deal with different circumstance to successfully convey major

objectives, that are needed to be accomplished by the corporate entity. Other than this, there are
circumstance, where contention arises among individuals in view of the distinction between
point of view. Around then, the part of the pioneer is critical in M&S, in light of the fact that he
is the one who is responsible and capable in settling the contentions viably. He is also
responsible to find the reason or the base behind the contention that has been raised. In addition
to it, there are many circumstances that arises where the inspiration in the workers is almost
minimum. Other than this pioneer is also required to propel the workers within the group. In the
firm it also has been notices that the de-propel representatives do not use compelling
administrations in the business. Furthermore, pioneer is accountable to find as fitting initiative
method or style that can be found reasonable under all circumstance. Above mentioned all factor
will assist people to viably work in group.
Few circumstances in M&S has been analysed, where the chief of the firm is
responsible to adjust certain circumstance so that they can successfully achieve their goals.
Administration of the cited firm has the capacity to keep up the solid condition in the association.
On the off chance that the earth isn't great then it makes disappointment among the workers and
because of this reason, there will be delay in the operations of the administration. So in the event
that if any circumstance emerges, at that point it is the capacity of the chief to adjust nature of the
association. Other than this, capacity of the administrator in the association is to give quality
products and ventures to the clients. On the off chance that any of the objections originate from
the client with respect to the nature of the item, at that point it is the obligation of the trough to
oversee them. The chief is at risk to guarantee the nature of items to the clients. For this,
situation the capacity of the administrator is to screen the exercises of the representatives so they
can give quality administrations to them
P.3 Different theories and model approaches in M&S.
For every organisation the most important aspect is to bring the different theirs and
models to from the culture and boost the performance of team with effective management. For
the management and operations process it need time and proper style of work. If the following
theories and model to boost the productivity:
 Situational leadership: These types of leadership will help to solve the different
situation in the organisations. Sometime in the process of production and operation arise
the situation which can cause to firm. If the leaders have the potential to perform in the

dangerous situation and take the necessary step for makes changes in the M&S. From the
situational leadership employees need to motivate in the difficulty situation to enhance
the productivity of the employees and organisation as well. In the M&S leader have
significance role in the organisations.
 System leadership: These theories of leadership will try to maintain all the process of
production on the basis of rules and regulation set by the organisation to perform the
particular task. The leader will set the deadline and planed the each and every work on
the a systematic manner so there is less chances for mistake in the outcomes. The
condition of the organisation leadership on the basis of system have to be execute all the
planed according to the procedure to manage the better operations (Schiller, 2016).
 Contingency theory: These are the theory which can be considered that it is not possible
measures to bring organisations in a structure manner. It will help to leader take the
action on the basis of contingency factors which can be the internal and external issues.
It is better for the organisations to implement for better working conditions. It is the duty
of the leader to motivate the employees for achieving the goals and objective of firm.

P.4 key approaches to operations management
Operation management plays important role in the growth of business. Operation
managers uses different approaches to improve their performance and to achieve the target in
effective manner. Operation manager manages the various functions in systematic manner.
Operation management perform various task such as planning, directing, contorting, managing
etc. this management mainly focuses on the quality of service and resource utilization to improve
the business productivity and growth. Operation manager focus on the quality of service to
improve the productivity and to attract the customers. Apart from this operation manager focus
on the resource utilization. When employees are able to use the resource carefully than the
production cost will decrease. To achieve those target operation management uses different
approaches which are as follows:
six sigma approach: operation manager must follow this approach to improve his performance
in effective manner. This approach focus on the quality of products. As customers always wants
to purchase the best quality products so to attract the customers and to satisfy them six sigma
approach is used by operation manager. In this style manager uses ratio chart, calculations and
other data as tools (Kark, R. and Shamir, B., 2013). All these keys helps firms to increases its
benefits and quality of products.
Total quality management: this approach is based on customer's need and interest. Firm will
provide the products according to customer's desire. This approach also helps to remove the
competitor problems. By this approach manger determine the needs of customers and make
effective plans to launch new products.
Lean theory: this approach is used by operation manager to remove the waste products. To
increase the margin of business firm have to decrease the production cost so lean theory is used
by the operation manager to decrease the high production cost. In this style manager ordered the
products from supplier according to customer's interest and at time of need.
Role of leaders: setting clear vision: it is most important role of leader to determine the vision
clearly, Clear objectives helps to achieve the target systematically. Leader of cited company has
to provide the task to workers according to their skills, interest and qualification.
Apart from this leader must motivate the employees, leader should provide development
trainings, reward system to his followers to motivate them. On the other hand supervision must

provide team work to the employees so that workers can able to learn new skills and ideas. By
team work they are able to share knowledge and experience with each others and this process
helps firm to achieve the target.
Roles of manager: for increase the performance of all staff members, manger have to make
different and effective plans. He has to arrange the different task and target for individual.
P.5 Role of operations management in achieving the goals of Mark and Spencer.
For every organisations' operational management is an essential aspect which will help to
set up the process of production in firms. It deals with structure of the organisation in terms of
products design, branding, packaging, also to improve the other system of organisation to
delivered the products and services. It is the key responsibility of different department such as
finance, marketing, operation and productions. There are importance of organisation operation
and management. The products' development is the one of the most important for any firm. Each
association has a few objectives and goals to accomplish and consequently efforts are directed in
that direction so that it can be achieved. Like every firm Mark and Spencer also have specific
long term haul target that is accomplished by various arrangement, and achieving little goals. In
business these long haul objective are known as vision that firm undertakes along with this the
little objective is consisted of small mission that help firm in achieving their short target.
(Schiller, 2016.). As M and S likewise have a similar want of accomplishing the goals and for
that level to achieve operations of the organization ought to be sufficiently exact with the goal
that each arrangement of activity and misision so that it can be accomplished within the assigned
time. This will also assist them in accomplishing the long term objectives of M and S.By
maintaining their operational activity the cited firm will be able to accomplish their target. This
will not only help in meeting the objectives but also help in proper evaluation that is undertaken
by the operation administration.
Operations administration has been the key in overseeing and keeping up the exercises at more
extensive level and at the shorter level. Operations of M and S Ltd. ought to be directed and
embraced in such a way by the pioneers and administrators that they will bring in accomplishing
the coveted points and targets (DeAnna, 2010.). On the off chance that operations of the
organization are embraced in a proficient and a powerful way then because of effective
utilization of assets, with this firm will be able to create positive image which will have its effect

on the working of the association. M and S is a big company that which require them of to keep
their various operational activity predominantly identified with dissemination channels and along
these lines they have to continue settling on choices strategically, deliberately and operationally
so they can accomplish effective appropriation techniques and accordingly those procedures will
help in accomplishing the coveted outcomes. In this way, Leaders and directors are critical in
keeping up the operations of business in staying up with the latest certain exercises which have
real effect on the benefit of the organization. Operations of the M and S incorporates fabricating
exercises, deals, showcasing, fund, basic leadership capacities, human asset, and so on. Hence,
every one of these exercises must be performed in a powerful and proficient way so guaranteeing
the work did ought to be according to the models made.
P.6 Impact of business environment operational management.
In every organisation internal and external factors will affect to the business environment.
But the most important things is to considered these factors while taking the crucial decision to
improve the operation and production process. Six major factor has been identified that have
major impact on the working of the firm.
Political factors: The intervention of the government on the organisation will affect due to the
changes in the business policy, taxation policy. On the M&S high burden on the revenue due to
paying high tax to the government. The business policy introduce by them are not appropriate for
the organisation. The cost of raw material have been increased due to adverse business policy
and trade restriction form the other countries are major affect on the business organisations. So in
circumstance leader and manager have to take various decision with effective analysis of
political factors (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013).
Economical Factors: These are the factors which can be affected on the business environment
in terms of economy growth of the UK, inflation, exchanges rate and unemployment. The
adverse impact on the M&S. Due to the slow economic growth of UK will be burden on the
organisation business in which the other stakeholders may affected. The wages and salary will
affected of employees and these can be also the reason for unemployment. Distributors also not
able to manage their cost with charges are high. The rise in price of the different goods and
service will be affected of low sales (Ba and Nault, 2016). The leader and manager will take
decision according to the considerations of economic factors which can helpful to take the
important decision to improve the operation and management process.

Social Factors: it is also one of the factors that can be affected on business environment which
can be major affected due to the changes in the taste and preference of the customers. The M&S
product will availability on the outlet that can be cause to the organisation if any of the outlet
have. Also the culture and values of the society will affect to the business. Specially in the retail
sectors products based on the trends and fashion which may be affected due to the value and
culture of the people. As the leader and manager have to considered the social factors before
taking any important decision in the organisations
Technological Factors: These can be the major factor which can be affected on the business
environment. The effective research and development team will help to make the improvement
in the product and different services. The adoption of new machinery for the production process
improvement in the organisation. Equipment and tolls are used for the operation will bring the
effective outcomes but the cost of capital will be burden on the operating expenses. It is
important for the leader and manager to considered technological factor to make the effective
decision in M&S.
Environment Factors: These are the factors which can be affected the M&S business
environment in which the recessions and changes in the climate are the environment factors. Due
to the recession the M&S will face less growth in the business. Due to the natural resource which
are sued for the process of production that have to optimum utilise in optimum manner. It is
importance for the leader and manager to considered this environment factor for taking effective
decision if the factor will ignored by them than it will decrease the organisation performance
(Antonakis and House, 2013).
Legal: These factors will affect the internal and external business environment in which due to
the legislation in terms of business environment from the strict rules and regulations. The labour
laws and industrial law will influence the performance of M&S.
CONCLUSIONS
From the above report it can be concluded that, manager and leader are essential
components in an association that assume, huge part in presenting the arrangement of various
activity of the entity. There execution in association has great significance in light of the fact
that the survival of the firm heavily lies on the various activity of operation management. A
pioneer is a man who settles on the choice and playing out that choice viably is the key towards

accomplishing the objectives and that execution and guaranteeing that it is up to the principles is
finished by administrators. Furthermore, it has been established that operation's administration
play major in accomplishing, objectives and goals of Mark and Spencer organization. Along
with this six unique variables that influences and has impact on the association which are:
Economic, political, lawful, ecological, social and innovative components and with the help of
these elements, basic leadership of pioneers and troughs have been influenced up-to a degree.

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