M&S: A Comprehensive Report on Leadership and Operations Management

This report provides a detailed analysis of leadership and management within the context of M&S (Marks & Spencer). It begins by comparing the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, emphasizing their orientations, focus, responsibilities, and approaches to risk and formulation. The report then delves into the application of leadership theories, including trait and behavioral theories for leaders, and human relations and chaos theories for managers, to provide a comprehensive understanding. The second section examines the practical application of leadership and management in various situational contexts at M&S, such as decision-making, risk-taking, and problem-solving. The report further explores leadership theories, including systems, situational, and contingency models. The report also analyzes key approaches to operations management and the duties of leaders and managers, highlighting the importance of market expansion and improved productivity, along with the value of operations management in attaining business objectives. Finally, it discusses factors affecting the business environment, operational management, and decision-making processes at M&S, providing a holistic view of leadership and management practices. This report is a valuable resource for students seeking to understand the complexities of leadership and operations management in a real-world business setting.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

CONTENTS
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Elaborate and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.....1
P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational context...........3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P3 Different theories and models containing situational, systems and contingency leadership. 4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the duties of leaders and managers............5
P5 Importance and value of operations management in attaining business objectives...............6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P6 Factors which affect the environment of business, operational management and decision
making.........................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
An association's structure is made of various numerous division. Administration and task is
the investigation of dealing with the division and activity of the association. There is dependably
a supervisor and pioneer exist in the association who deal with the divisions and leads the
colleagues in the association (Alderton and Saieva, 2013). This report examined about the parts,
obligations and qualities of the pioneer. There are distinctive methodologies and models are
characterized in reference of administration frameworks and possibility. It is additionally
characterized that how initiative expertise takes basics choices in the association to accomplish
the destinations of the association.
M&S is chosen organisation subject to define the operations and management in organisation.
TASK 1
P1 Elaborate and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Management and leadership plays vital role for systematic operations of the functions in
the organisation. M&S is the largest Retail service group in all over the world and it is
providing RETAIL and Retail services at international level. It started its operations from
UK. Its headquarters are situated in England, UK. To manage and lead the operations of
RETAIL and Retail services at international level leadership and managers are required
extreme level of professional and management skills (Slack, 2015). Operational skills help
the organisation to lead the organisation towards its desired targets and objectives.
Management level helps to remove the conflicts and issue regarding the function. Leader
helps the team members and mates to motivates them.
M&S operates RETAIL and Retail services at international level and provide large scale
finance requirement to the industries and business. It helps to fulfil the finance requirement
in international market and countries for improving the growth of economy of the country.
Roles and responsibilities of manager and leader are compared below:
Basis of comparison Roles and Characteristics of leader Roles and characteristics of
manager
Orientation Leaders works around the objectives
of the association. Their real part in
the association is to take activities of
Managers remains the piece of
various divisions of the
association. Distinctive division
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targets and adjust the representatives
and partners to accomplish the
characterized destinations and goals.
have their own particular
administrators who give expected
sources to work the office. Chiefs
fill in as a communicator in the
association.
Focus A pioneer dependably centre around
the objectives and targets of the
association and continue persuading
the representatives and staff to
continue working viably and
effectively.
Managers principle objective is to
work the administration division
with compelling way and give
expected help to the office (Sheu,
2010).
Responsibilities Leader is dependable to convey the
undertaking and targets which are
started by him/her. Pioneer requires
to reports to its bosses and
management.
Managers are the mindful to
report the chiefs and the partners
of the association. Administrators
part stays exceptionally basic
since chiefs need to co-relate the
different divisions.
Approach to risk Leader constantly prepared to go out
on a limb for getting focal points.
Going for broke form the capacity to
lead the association by its own
particular endeavours and skills.
Risk criteria stays expansive in
measure in contrast with pioneer
in light of the fact that at
administration level hazard impact
the whole departmental objectives
and targets.
Formulation Formulation depends on the errand
design and plan of the work. Plan and
arrangements are the key components
to set up an organization of task
(Tang and Musa, 2011).
Managers need to investigate the
arrangement and methodology
and they need to comprehend the
repercussions of the arrangement
at beginning stage.
Role of leader by applying theories
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Trait Theory: this hypothesis works around various characteristics of a man as friendliness,
conclusions, aptitudes and information and intelligence. These are the administration
characteristics are required must to be a pioneer (Gimenez, Sierra and Rodon, 2012).
Behavioural theory: This hypothesis characterizes and clarifies the nature and the conduct of
the pioneer at work environment.
Function of manager by applying theories
Human relations theory: Building sound and solid relations is one of the basic nature of the
pioneer. Getting wanted outcomes by keeping up great outcomes is the principle goal of this
hypothesis.
Chaos theory: this hypothesis is concentrated around a few strategies and improvement
programs without affecting the solidness of the association.
P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational context
Initiative and administration parts are characterized according to M&S's situational setting
 Decision making: Pioneers and chiefs need to find a way to set up a development model
or advancement design. Basic leadership techniques assume exceptionally urgent part in
it. Administration and initiatives need to screen the monetary standards evolving rate,
financial development rate and Gross domestic product rate of for making the approaches
and procedures.
 Risk taking: There is constantly high hazard and shakiness exist in the idea of global
financing and managing an account activities. Initiative needs to put their endeavors to
gauge the hazard and open doors for the association. Determining causes the
administration to set up the techniques and plans on time. There are numerous monitory
arrangements are made by Universal Monitory Reserve which affect the financing
approaches of the association. The changing rate of hazard factor dependably stay in the
association that is the reason administration and authority need to manage it by their
abilities and learning.
• Problem taking care of: Issues, issues and difficulties are the parts of any
hierarchical structure or capacities. Size of these difficulties might be contrast
according to the size of the association. M&S works everywhere level and the issues
and issues are dealt with in this association by the additional common staff of
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pioneers and administrators. They higher worldwide pioneers of fund and saving
money part. Pioneers of M&S contains high expert abilities and hazard taking
capacities to work the capacities in their way (Rosemann and vom Brocke, 2015).
Once the difficulties get distinguished the authority and administration began taking a
shot at and make their to discover the arrangements.
TASK 2
P3 Different theories and models containing situational, systems and contingency leadership
Overseeing tasks and capacities the overseeing aptitudes are required to have in supervisors
and pioneers are require to have administration abilities to lead the group in viable way. There
are a few hypotheses and models intended to comprehend the progression of administration such
are:
 System leadership: System is an arrangement to play out an undertaking in viable way.
Framework authority demonstrates towards the compelling way of playing out the
undertaking and tasks by utilizing abilities and learning. Framework give the way to
coordinate different divisions of the association. Framework characterizes the breaking
points and criteria of work in which association need to works its exercises.
 Situational leadership: this initiative works the elements of the association according to
various situational settings. Circumstances and conditions of the association occurs by the
workers conduct and their necessities. Outside condition of the association impact the
circumstances to manage them versatile administration style. Association get additional
points of interest from the examining the situational setting (Closs, Speier and Meacham,
2011).
 Contingency model: Possibility is characterized as questionable circumstance or
conditions on which an association's control stays nonpartisan. Possibility models helps
the administration and administration to discover these sorts of circumstances with the
goal that the association would have the capacity to control the circumstances and get the
focal points. Possibility models bifurcate the dubious components from the circumstance
and make the circumstance advantageous in the authoritative setting.
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TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the duties of leaders and managers
Leader's role in organisation
Pioneer keeps and particular position in hierarchical setting. Pioneer stays in charge of
expectations in the association. Pioneer dependably helps the workers and stays steady to the
representatives. Pioneer doesn't intend to give arranges, a pioneer works with the group and take
every one of the duties by claim. A pioneer contribute his/her endeavors from numerous points
of view, for example, chief, educator and saint. Satisfy targets and points are the primary
expectation of the pioneer. Continue spurring the individuals and schools towards the objectives
is the subject of the administration style (Rani and Moreira, 2010). Part of pioneer is
characterized in M&S are as under :
As a representative
Leaders of an association are the characteristics of the association. Part of pioneer turns
out to be more essential when pioneer assumes an agent part for the association. To speak to the
association pioneer ought to have sharp learning of the association. Pioneers must have the of
amazing relational abilities, talking aptitudes and expert abilities.
Centralised goals in one goal
Parts and the objectives stays isolated among the various bureaus of the association.
Distinctive office has their own particular targets and objectives (Kauppi, 2013.). Pioneer is
capable to concentrated the departmental objectives in one authoritative objective.
Supporting roles
Inspiration is the main factor which causes the representatives to work viably and fluidly.
Pioneer spurs its representatives by advancing them and giving prizes and acknowledgment.
Inspiration factors encourages the workers to play out the tedious errand successfully and
productively.
As a motivator
Inspiration is the main factor which causes the representatives to work viably and fluidly.
Pioneer spurs its representatives by advancing them and giving prizes and acknowledgment.
Inspiration factors encourages the workers to play out the tedious errand successfully and
productively.
Administrative operator
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pioneer works the exercises with respect to organization of numerous branches of the
association. Organization division of M&S worked by talented and capable representatives.
Pioneer make an authoritative arrangement to deal with the work and keep up teach in activities
of the representatives.
Performance analysis
Assessment and examination of the execution is the fundamentals work of the
association. Pioneer has examined the aftereffects of the undertaking and assess the execution as
an individual and gathering. Being a piece of universal budgetary and keeping money
administrations M&S bifurcate the investigation work in various portions and classifications as
income diagram in regard of advances, ventures and benefit.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in attaining business objectives Market Expansion: Any association which needs to grow the measure of the business
and structure of the organization needs development designs. Extension design give the
way and clear the picture of the association at next level. Administration and tasks
comprehends the solid and frail purposes of the association in aggressive condition. For
instance if M&S needs to build its capital hold and keep up the rate of home loan and
credit at steady level then its administrators and pioneers need to examination the idea of
the market change and the investigation of the laws and control in regards to changes in
rates. Improves Productivity: Efficiency change relies on the aptitudes of playing out the
undertaking and expectations. In M&S the viability of work is assessed based on
satisfying the objectives amid the money related year. The over all managing an account
and money related exchanges are record amid the year and the execution of the offices
are assessed based on deals proportion of monetary and saving money items as advances,
contracts, protection polices, overdrafts and credit administrations. Each office comprise
some arrangement of apparatuses which encourages the association to discover the
individual execution of the representatives. Necessity are get recognized for preparing
and advancement programs. Minimum Risks and Uncertainties: Criteria of hazard and vulnerability is found at
different level in the M&S. The fiscal strategies get affected by the worldwide political
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and provincial condition. Nations' development rates and decent varieties in sparing
structure influences the financing and saving money arrangements of M&S. Legitimate
administration of estimating the plans of future occurrences and occasions drives the
association in smooth tasks of divisions. Figure of plan relies on the Global managing an
account and monetary regularities, change in monetary standards rate, bank rates and so
on.
 Fulfilment of customers wants and needs: Consumer loyalty's and development is the
prime goal of the association. For any association it is required to comprehend the client
needs and fulfilment zones and plan the structure concurring them. Administration and
tasks causes the office to recognize the necessities and prerequisites of the customers and
client and frame the approaches and techniques according to the request of the client. In
the event that the item and administrations would be adaptable then it the association's
position and picture would likewise wind up solid. Arrangements and systems ought to be
receptive to the clients of M&S. Low loan costs and compelling protection designs draws
in the customers and clients. Supervisors and pioneers design an appropriate speculation
designs and advance systems with the goal that it could draw in the ventures and
business. Smooth and justifiable procedure of loaning cash and advances increment the
clients enthusiasm towards the association.
TASK 4
P6 Factors which affect the environment of business, operational management and decision
making
Internal factors
 Board of directors: Directorate are the gatherings who are chosen in the general
gatherings or yearly gatherings. The vast majority of them are the directors and general
supervisors who works the work everywhere level. Culture: Culture is the whole condition of the association in which every one of the
individuals from the association start to finish level perform to accomplish the
destinations of the association. Culture speak to the structure of the association.
 Employees: Representatives are the considered as labor of the association. These are the
base of the association by which the undertaking and activities are performed and
needing objectives are accomplished.
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 Owners: Association's proprietors are the people who give the back and venture to the
association. The quantity of size might be varied according to the extent of association.
Investor are likewise the proprietors of the association.
External factors
Outside variables are the components on which the association's control stays consistent.
It is likewise separated in two unique classifications as general factors and errand administration.
These components specifically and in a roundabout way impact the association. Such are
 Economic dimensions: Monetary arrangement of the nation impact the activities and
strategies of the augmentation and advancement program of the association. There are
distinctive monetary variables exist in any economy as Gross domestic product rate,
development rate, Expansion rate, political condition.
 Technological dimensions: Improvements in innovation are the variables which can give
positive or negative outcomes for an association. Strategies and techniques are the key
elements which lessen the time and cost which is essential in any hierarchical setting.
Diverse wellsprings of promoting and progressions designs causes the association to
enhance the clients’ relations and building brand picture.
 Social-culture dimensions: Social and open culture of the nation alludes the idea of the
client size and market. Culture of the nation impact the plan and the configuration of the
structure of the association. Culture made of the client's enthusiasm with respect to item
and administrations decision. Ensembles and customs are the most widely recognized
elements which impact the approaches and techniques of the association.
 Political and legal dimensions: Political and lawful measurements of the nation bound
the association to works its exercises in a successful and expert way. For multinational
associations the political condition makes unverifiable circumstances and difficulties in
settling on the basic leadership arrangements and plans.
 International factors: Worldwide business condition conveys heaps of chances to the
association. An association get the chances to present itself at worldwide level.
Worldwide approaches and controls make difficulties to get endorsements and playing
out the errands. Association need to confront the worldwide focused condition and
distinctive authoritative culture.
8

 Customers, buyers and suppliers: Client assumes pivotal part in building the brand
picture and authoritative development of the association. Provider are the gatherings who
give crude material to make completed items. For saving money and financing businesses
protection approaches, advances and home loans are the items to manage.
CONCLUSION
The above report clarifies the implications of administration and activities in the association.
This report can characterize the measurements of authority and administration parts, abilities and
ideals of directors and pioneers in the association. M&S is picked association to expound the
authoritative structure at worldwide level and what kind of initiative and administrative aptitudes
are require to work the capacities and lead the association at universal level. Distinctive
administration methodologies and hypotheses are characterized to comprehend the basic
leadership and procedures intends to achieve the objectives and destinations of the association.
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REFERENCES
Books and journal
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chain risk management. International journal of production economics. 133(1). pp.25-
34.
Slack, N., 2015. Operations strategy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sheu, J. B., 2010. Dynamic relief-demand management for emergency logistics operations under
large-scale disasters. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation
Review 46(1). pp.1-17.
Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process
management. In Handbook on business process management 1. (pp. 105-122). Springer
Berlin Heidelberg.
Ronen, B., Pliskin, J. S. and Pass, S., 2012. Focused operations management for health services
organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
Rani, D. and Moreira, M. M., 2010. Simulation–optimization modeling: a survey and potential
application in reservoir systems operation. Water resources management. 24(6).
pp.1107-1138.
Linderman, K. and Chandrasekaran, A., 2010. The scholarly exchange of knowledge in
operations management. Journal of Operations Management. 28(4). pp.357-366.
Kauppi, K., 2013. Extending the use of institutional theory in operations and supply chain
management research: Review and research suggestions. International Journal of
Operations & Production Management. 33(10). pp.1318-1345.
Harmon, P., 2015. The scope and evolution of business process management. In Handbook on
business process management 1. (pp. 37-80). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Gimenez, C., Sierra, V. and Rodon, J., 2012. Sustainable operations: Their impact on the triple
bottom line. International Journal of Production Economics. 140(1). pp.149-159.
Closs, D. J., Speier, C. and Meacham, N., 2011. Sustainability to support end-to-end value
chains: the role of supply chain management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing
Science. 39(1). pp.101-116.
Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage:
The relevance of resource‐based theory. Journal of supply chain management. 48(2).
pp.3-6.
Alderton, P. and Saieva, G., 2013. Port management and operations. Taylor & Francis.
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