BTEC HND Management and Operations: M&S Leadership and Management

This report provides an analysis of operation management and leadership practices at Marks and Spencer (M&S). It begins with an overview of operation management, defining its role in achieving business objectives, improving productivity, and optimizing resource utilization within the company. The report then delves into the company's background, including its founders and establishment, before exploring key models of operation management such as Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma, and the factors that influence operational decisions, including technological, market, economic, and climatic factors. The report then examines leadership styles, specifically situational leadership, and contrasts the roles of leaders and managers, highlighting differences in vision setting, work practices, change initiation, risk-taking, and relationship building. It further differentiates between leaders and managers in terms of resource allocation, strategy formation, employee inspiration, and problem-solving. The conclusion summarizes the key differentiations between the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, and their application in various operational situations, with references to academic sources supporting the analysis.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION (MARKS AND
SPENCER)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Operation management
 PESTLE
 SWOT
 Leadership
 Difference between role of leader and manager
 Difference between leader and manager
 Conclusion
 References

Operation managment
 As per the view of Sheshi, A. and Kërçini, (2017) Operation management
involve managing and administrating various operations attached to the
organization structure of the M&S.
 Operation management involve implementing all the associated
operations of the company in a way the organization can achieve the
higher level of efficiency from all the operations of the company
Overview of Company
 Marks and Spencer(M&S) is a retail company based in UK..
 Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer are the founder of the company.
 Company started its business operations in the year 1884

Cont..
Enable to achieve business objectives
 Kamarulzaman,( 2016) stated Operation management enable the company management to achieve the overall
business objectives.
 Optimum utilization of resources is among the key objective of operation management.
 Abuzaid, (2016) stated that The management of M&S plan all its business operations in a way that the
company can achieve the best operation efficiency within the estimated time frame.
Improve productivity:
 Operation management play the key role in improving the productivity of the employee's of the company.
Optimum resource utilization
 Operation management play the very crucial role in utilizing all the company's resources in the most optimum
manner.

Models of operation managment
 Lean manufacturing:
This is the model that helps the company in minimizing cost by using resources
in effective manner.
Six sigma
 This is the tool that ensure effective utilization of resources so that
operational efficiency can be improved
Factors impact over operation management
 Technological Factor
 Market
 Economic Factor
 Climatic

Cont..
 Leadership and management make various decisions to improve the operation efficiency of the company.
 Technological Factor: The leadership and management take various decisions related to the inclusion of
new technologies in the organization structure
 Market: Market is among the major business environment factor that effect the decision making of
management and leaders in M&S.
 Economic Factor: Economic factor involve the economic situation of UK. Economic situation carry the
big influence over corporate world as is has the huge involvement in major decision making related to the
business.
 Climatic: Among the major factors of business environment that impact the decision making of
management regarding the operation management climatic factor is also the one of them.

Leadership Style and model
 Situational Leadership: Situational
leadership emphasis more over the current
situations of the organisation. Situation
theory of leadership is among the major
theory's leadership of M&S apply. After
analysing about the current situation of
organization the most optimum decisions
are taken that can potentially support the
current ongoing business situation under
the situation leadership

Difference between role of leader and function of manager
Basis of Difference Role of Leader Function of Manager
Work Practice Leaders set vision for the organisation.
Leaders apply various work practices to convert the set
vision into reality.
Managers follow the set goal of the organization.
Managers in M&S focus over same practices to conduct all the
operations of the company.
Initiate Change Leaders are knows as the change agents.
Leaders in M&S are very mush keen towards initiating
various changes as per the current market demand and
also the requirement of the business.
Managers in M&S has also initiated several changes based on
the operational demands like introducing new machineries and
other associated changes in the organization structure.
Risk Taking Leaders are well known for the risk taking abilities. Managers also take risk but in a set limit.
Relationship Building Leaders carry huge emphasis over building relationship
with all the human resources associated with the
company.
Managers also focus to build the professional relationship with
human resources of the M&S.

Differences between leader and
manager
 Leaders and managers in M&S play various roles in
implementing various operations of the company.
Arrange Resources
 Managers and leaders play the significant role in providing
various resources for different operational functions of the
company.
 Resources play the key role in implementing all the
operational functions of the company.
 Managers and leaders evaluate about the various
requirements such as human resources, technological
requirements and other requirements attached with the
operational function and based on the need suitable
resources provided to all the associated departments in the
company..

Cont..
Strategies Formation
 Leaders and management also involve in the strategy formation attached to the various operations
of the company.
 Strategy formation involve planning the various stages attached with the task and set a proper
hierarchy to implement such task.
Inspire Employee’s
 Management and leaders play the crucial role in inspiring employee's to achieve the higher level of
efficiencies in conducting all the operational tasks.
 The management and leaders give various performance based incentives and rewards to motivate
and inspire all the human resources of the company.
Addressing problems
 Leaders and managers in M&S play the crucial role in addressing various issues associated with the
employee's and operations of the company.

Conclusion
 This presentation concluded about the differentiation between the role
and characteristics of leaders and managers. What are the aspects that
created a difference between the role and characteristics of leader and
manager is concluded in this report.
 Various business situations are concluded in this report that expresses
about how differently the role of leader and function of manager
applied in various operational situations.

References
 Kamarulzaman, A., 2016. The Role of Leadership in Filling the Skills
Gap. Journal of Administrative Management, Education and
Training.12(6). pp.501-506.
 Sheshi, A. and Kërçini, D., 2017. The role of Transactional,
Transformational and Participative Leadership in performance of SME's in
Albania. Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences.
 Abuzaid, A.N., 2016. Testing the impact of strategic leadership on
organizational ambidexterity: A field study on the Jordanian chemical
manufacturing companies. International Journal of Business and
Management.11(5).pp.328-339.
 Ardichvili, A. and Zavyalova, E.K., 2017. Leadership development in the
Russian Federation. In Leadership development in emerging market
economies.(pp. 37-53). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.