Strategic Management Report: M&S Leadership, Development and Change

This report provides a strategic analysis of Marks & Spencer (M&S), examining its methods of development, leadership styles, and change management strategies. The report begins with an introduction to strategic management and an overview of M&S. It then delves into the company's strategies, including organic development and strategic alliances with Ocado, analyzing their strategic importance. The report evaluates the leadership styles of Marks & Spencer, specifically transformational, transactional, and situational leadership, referencing the case study 'Can the Saturday boy change M&S'. Additionally, it applies the Change Kaleidoscope model to understand M&S's approach to change management in response to challenges like Brexit. The report also touches upon the importance of sustainability, and concludes with recommendations based on the analysis.

Strategic management

Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
M&S strategy..............................................................................................................................3
Method of development .............................................................................................................4
Analyse and evaluate the leadership style of Marks and Spencer...............................................6
Change management...................................................................................................................6
Sustainability...............................................................................................................................8
Recommendations:...........................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................10
Books and Journal.....................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Strategic management is determined as a procedure of administration function that
focuses on planning as well as organising resources in such a way that help in making
appropriate strategy in an appropriate manner (Michael, Storey and Thomas, 2017). The primary
purpose of strategic administration is to improve and execute plan for current and future time
period so that subordinate increase their awareness regarding what required to be performed.
This report will describe administration criteria related to Marks and Spencer. It is biggest
manufacturer retailing organisation that is given in year of 1884 by Michael marks & Thomas
Spencer. This organisation is considered as a dealer of variety of goods such as food, clothing,
household and many more. Marks & Spencer has currently 959 retail outlets across the UK as
well as 615 only sell food products. It is one of the leading organisation in order to first British
retailer such as make 1 billion profit in current year. There are serves the ample numbers of
products and services in many countries such as 300 stores in 40 overseas locations. It includes
they are providing various job opportunities for people as well as currently 80,000 employees are
working in order to smoothly run the business operations. This assignment will determine all
operations of organisation that focuses on analysing micro and macro elements for making their
goods to their customer as a priority and achieving competitive advantage over rivalries at
marketplace.
MAIN BODY
M&S strategy
Marks and Spencer emphasized on tactics of organisation and make appropriate execution
into operation. The organisation focuses on achieving competitive advantage over rivalries at
marketplace. The company adopt strategy into different aspects that involve implementation of
existing or present resources into appropriate manner and achieve competitive edge to maintain
base of customer within organisation. Furthermore, the other strategies adapted to its workforce
by motivating them along with transformational style and also they focus on perform their
business operations in an appropriate manner. These kind of strategy focuses on making ensure
that it is necessary to provide sustainable growth to organisation in order to satisfy changing
needs of user. For example the organisation use leadership style to motivate subordinate in
respect of innovation and generating creativity that help in enhancing digital source as well as

exploit e-commerce industry into organisation. It is important for expanding business
organisation in innovative market (Barca, 2017). The offer qualitative goods to its customers that
is determined as a main task of organisation which focuses on providing goods and to conduct
market research that help in maintaining appropriate relation with user during particular phase of
time period.
Method of development
Organic development strategy-: Most of the organisation using this strategy in order to
increasing the sales and output. It includes focusing profitability and productivity of company so
accordingly serves the best product and services. In context of M&S, it involves organisation
enhancing sales and expansion internally. It includes internal growth and external growth of
company which result as survive and sustain business model for longer period of time. Internal
growth and inorganic development refers organisation formulating new strategies such as
optimization, reallocation resources and new product offering for customers. It considered as
businesses focusing on reducing cost as well as effectively set the pricing strategy for products
and services. It includes reallocation of resources which refers to allocating funds and other
materials in order to best product serves to customers which result as gaining competitive
advantages. Organisation growth and success depends on profitability and productivity due to
business using various strategies in order to attracting large numbers of customers. It considered
as introducing new product and services because targeting new customer base. It involves
organisation using combination of organic development with internal growth as well as external
growth of business. M&S focusing on external growth which refers to identifying the needs and
wants of customers accordingly serves the best products and services in order to effectively
capturing market share. It majorly focusing on enhancing sales with the help of using various
promotional tool, new product lines and customer service.
Strategic alliances with Ocado-: It includes Marks & Spencer making partnership with
Ocado in order to successfully achieving growth and productivity. Ocado is one of the largest
supermarket chain in UK in order to serves the various product and services. It includes they are
providing groceries and general merchandise in order to operating various solution. The M&S
tie-up with Ocado in order to growing the business model. M&S deal with Ocado in order to
achieving tremendous growth which result as capturing huge market share. It considered as both
the organisation developing strong partnership in order to M&S is British brand in order to

serves the ample numbers of customers. It includes Ocado offers to M&S e-commerce platform
for logistics and convince approach in order to serves the best product and services for
customers. Both the organisation effectively and efficiently dealing with strong and beneficial
relationship such as fulfil the needs and demands of company as well as effectively gaining
competitive advantages. The ocado and M&S both are strong brand in order to developing
various changes in order to utilisation more digital technology due to promoting products and
services. When both the organisation maintaining healthy partnership in order to putting more
effort to conversion traditional method to modern approach as well as utilising various strategies
which result as achieving organisation goal and objectives.
Analyse and evaluate the leadership style of Marks and Spencer.
M & S deals with in the international market and it is a renowned brand that provide
quality to its customer which is one of the main reason of its success and growth at marketplace
(Baumgartner and Rauter, 2017). The analysis of leadership style of Marks and Spencer are
given below:
Transformational leadership style:
This form of leadership style in Marks and Spencer are associated with the pro-active
approach, wherein employees put efforts and is guided by leaders in order to achieve objectives
within this stupid time. Transformation leadership style inspiring the staff members to become
proactive, motivated and time oriented towards their goals. In addition to this, it also help in it is
important for leaders to develop and effective planning for applying such leadership styles so
that all the staff members executed in a proper manner.
Transactional leadership style:
In this type of leadership, leaders promote compliance to the employee through rewards
and punishments. With the help of this, employees are motivated and improved their productivity
level. With reference to Marks and Spencer, it is determined that the company is presently using
transactional leadership style because of their working structure and are more focused towards
developing the culture that motivates staff members to achieve objectives by performing specific
task in a proper manner (Holloway, 2018). The respective organization make use of bureaucracy
approach in order to maintain the aspects and dedication of employees towards work. This
leadership style help company to motivate its employees and improve their living standard and
satisfaction level.

Situational leadership-: Situational leadership theory was developed by Daniel Goleman
and it is flexible leadership style which refers to leaders accordingly adapting this style on the
basis of demand of situation. In relevance of M&S, it includes leaders has no need of specific
skill, ability and capability in order to smoothly run the business operation as well as leaders
effectively adapting on the basis of organisation requirement. It is essential for leaders to
changing their management style on the basis of environment and employees. It includes leaders
of company formulating new strategies in order to proper flow business functions and activity.
Situational leadership
Change management
In every organization, change is required in order to sustain and retain at marketplace for
longer time period. It is determined that without change an organization could not grow fine
work according to the government policies, changing customer requirements and market trends,
technologies and so on. Marks and Spencer is facing change due to Brexit policies on it impact
on its cost as well as prediction. The evaluation of how Marks and Spencer has facing such
challenges of Brexit into the economic factors. The economic changes reflect on the inflation
rate due to which the buying power of customers is declined (Weiss, 2017).
In order to manage such change, Marks and Spencer has decided to make use of
kaleidoscope model of change management, which are as follows:
Kaleidoscope Model in change management:
It is model which are using by organisation in order to changing management of company
effectively and efficiently. It is model which are developed by Hope Hailey & Balogoun and it
consist the two rings such as inner and outer rings. Outer rings are shows as organisation features
such as time, scope, preservation, diversity, capability, capacity, readiness and power. On the
other hand, inner rings indicates design and implementing path, change start point, change style,
change target, change levers and change roles. Organisation features which are indicates various
changes in management in order to discussed below.
Time-: It includes particular period of time are requires in order to accomplishing
changes regarding management.

Scope-: It knows as degree and level of changes in management which are decided on the
basis of two segment such as realignment and transformation.
Preservation-: It considered as focusing on assets, practices and characteristics which are
necessary to developing changes in management and retain this change for longer period of time
in an organisation.
Diversity-: This is another aspect which refers to various employees are work together in
order to come from different background and division so it directly impact on changes in term of
attitudes, values and norms.
Capability-: The organisation using various tool and techniques in order to effectively
implementing in order to enhancing managerial skill, knowledge and ability.
Capacity-: It includes organisation proper allocating resources in order to achieving
organisation goal and objectives as well as enhancing profitability. There are ample numbers of
resources such as cash, human resources and time so organisation accordingly investing all the
resources which refers to achieving successful growth.
Readiness-: It is essential for employees in order to gaining knowledge and aware about
the product, services, customer taste and market trends in order to gaining competitive
advantages.

Power-: It is necessary for organisation in order to making changes in management
effectively so power is useful tool.
Design or implementing choices which are mentioned below:
Change path-: There are involves various kinds of changes on the basis of nature which
refers to evolution, adaptation, revolution, reconstruction.
Change start point-: This point shows the various changes in order to effectively
implementing which are dividing in various aspect such as:
 Top-down change-: It includes organisation focusing on changes from top to bottom
management.
 Bottom-up change-: It considered as change in management from bottom to top.
 Pockets of good practices-: It is good practices in order to developing changes in
management of organisation.
 Pilots sites-: Change is essential only one and individual part of organisation.
Change styles-: It is process and way in order to effectively making changes which are
categorised in 5 styles:
 Education and delegation-: It is necessary to making changes in order to providing
training and education for employees which result as improving performance of
management.
 Collaboration-: It is process which refers to developing healthy relationship between the
employees in order to making effective decision.
 Participation-: It is developing team spirit among the existing employees.
 Direction-: It is requirement of leaders which are providing effective direction and
controlling.
Change target-: It includes three types of targets such as outputs, behaviours and values.
Change levers-: it indicates the changing in organisation culture in order to effectively
managing various structure and system.
Sustainability
It emphasize on meeting with the requirements of present without compromising the
capability of future generations to meet the requirements. Sustainable business strategy is
defined as the integration of environmental, economic and social objectives into an
organizational activities, goals and planning with the objective of developing long-term value for

the form, society and its stakeholders. It involved employee development, systematic
improvements, corporate governance an innovation as well (Köseoglu, 2019). In relation to
Marks and Spencer, the company focuses on developing effective sustainability strategies in
order to enhance it’s brand image and maintain performance within the marketplace. For this,
Marks and Spencer releases office for sustainability program that is plan A 2025. The respective
organization unveiled plan A 2025, an improved and new sustainability strategy which builds on
the organization previous success at the time of addressing communication gap that exists among
the consumers and brand.
This plan takes a three pillar approach to the future, emphasizing on colleague and customer
wellbeing, communities and transforming lives and caring for the planet. This plan supports the
organization bid to become a loyal sustainable retailer by key actions targeting each emphasize
area, like a sustainable sourcing, increasing 25 million for charity as well as having food waste
across within its operations by 2025. In order to achieve it, Martin Spencer packaging wildly
recyclable by the year 2022, focusing on declining greenhouse gas emission by 70% as
compared to 2007 levels (Cavicchi and Vagnoni, 2018). All this will help company to remain
sustainable and trustworthy brand at marketplace.
Sustainability is essential in order to effectively achieving organisation goal and objectives.
It includes organisation focusing on sustainable objectives such as gaining competitive
advantages, increasing profitability and productivity. It utilisation various tool and techniques in
order to effectively sustain and survive at marketplace. It involves organization focusing various
strategies which plays important role for an organisation in order to successfully achieving
growth in the market. It utilising various strategy such as promotion tool and techniques as well
as pricing strategy which are helpful for increasing effectiveness of organisation and
sustainability.
Recommendations:
After analyzing the above discussion, some of the suggestions is given to the higher
authorities of Marks and Spencer, which are as follows:
 It is suggested to the organization to focus on change management due to their large
operations across the country to execute this aspects of change management in relation of
any operational change associated with pricing as they have to strategically execute this
change in order to cope up with it.

 In addition to this, it is recommended to the company to focus on evaluating the
performance of employees as it will help in making improvements and proper execution
of activities which in turn impact on its productivity and profitability.
 Moreover, it is recommended to company to develop effective strategies by analyzing the
market trends and policies as it will help company to deal with the changes that take
place in market due to technology, government policies and many more (Rudaya, 2019).
Conclusion
From the above study, it has been concluded that strategic management help an organization
to manage its overall resources and maintain its performance and productivity level. In addition
to this, with the help of pestle analysis and SWOT analysis the company is able to develop
effective strategies and analyze its opportunities as well as threats associated with it. It is
important for the company to focus on change and make use of appropriate change management
models so that all the activities associated with transforming changes will be implemented in a
proper manner.

REFRENCES
Books and Journal
Michael, S., Storey, D. and Thomas, H., 2017. Discovery and coordination in strategic
management and entrepreneurship. Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset,
pp.45-65.
Barca, M., 2017. Economic foundations of strategic management. Routledge.
Ketchen Jr, D.J. and Craighead, C.W., 2020. Research at the intersection of entrepreneurship,
supply chain management, and strategic management: Opportunities highlighted by
COVID-19. Journal of Management, 46(8), pp.1330-1341.
Baumgartner, R.J. and Rauter, R., 2017. Strategic perspectives of corporate sustainability
management to develop a sustainable organization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140,
pp.81-92.
Holloway, S., 2018. Changing planes: A strategic management perspective on an industry in
transition. Routledge.
Weiss, J., 2017. Trust as a key for strategic management? The relevance of council–
administration relations for NPM-related reforms in German local governments. Public
Management Review, 19(10), pp.1399-1414.
PHORNLAPHATRACHAKORN, K. and Khajit, N.K., 2020. Strategic management accounting
and firm performance: Evidence from finance businesses in Thailand. The Journal of
Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(8), pp.309-321.
Köseoglu, M.A.,and et. al., 2019. Evolution of strategic management research lines in
hospitality and tourism. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(6),
pp.690-710.
Cavicchi, C. and Vagnoni, E., 2018. Intellectual capital in support of farm businesses’ strategic
management: a case study. Journal of Intellectual Capital.
Rudaya, I., 2019. Issues of strategic management of Russian innovative organizations’
intellectual property. Upravlenie, 7(1), pp.50-59.