50 Group Research: Literature Review on Career Development at KOI

This report presents a literature review focused on multicultural career development, addressing four key research questions. The first question examines occupational stereotypes and segregation within work settings, exploring their impact on career choices. The second question investigates cultural competency in diverse workplaces, emphasizing its importance for professional success. The third question delves into social justice awareness and its role in advocating for disadvantaged groups. Finally, the report assesses whether multicultural experiences at KOI have positively influenced career trajectories after graduation. The review incorporates various sources, including academic journals and government reports, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issues. It highlights the significance of cultural competence, social justice, and diversity training in preparing individuals for successful careers in an increasingly globalized environment. The report emphasizes the need for institutions to promote multicultural experiences and integrate diversity tolerance into career development programs to foster inclusivity and equitable opportunities for all individuals.

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Group Research: Literature Review
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Secondary Research Questions
The four questions are found here:
1) What are the issues related to multicultural career developments in case of work
settings like, occupational stereotype or occupational segregation?
2) What is the cultural competency in case of working in diverse populations?
3) What is the cultural competency and social justice awareness in order to advocate for
the disadvantaged groups in case of the needs of career development?
4) Has the multicultural experience studying at KOI in the past 18 months likely helped
on going career life after graduation? (please explain why YES or NO)
Literature Review
Evaluation of secondary question 1:
Occupational stereotype mainly refers to the widespread as well as overgeneralized
perception for certain characteristics as it has been associated with the group of people in
case of career domain. There are multiple reasons where the occupational stereotypes have
been arisen and exist. There is the traditional view of the gender roles or the ethnic groups in
case of occupations. There should be the presence of certain people for the presumed
occupations for a long time along with the media coverage for the stereotypical images of the
certain occupations of the people (Coetzee, Ferreira, & Shunmugum, 2017). This
occupational stereotype may have a negative impact both the individuals and the
organizations in case of limiting the individual career choices or the selection of the future
workforce.

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Occupational Segregation refers to the unbalanced distribution members for the ethnic group
on behalf of the occupations and the also for the overrepresented in case of certain
occupations or underrepresented in case of other occupations. In some cases, people would
have the stereotypes for the ethnic groups in certain occupations for which they have
consistently see the media and the surroundings (Doyle, 2018).
Evaluation of secondary question 2:
Cultural competence is highly essential for a professional to function effectively in a diverse
workplace environment (Louw, 2016). As the society is becoming more dynamic, it is
necessary for a person who wants to achieve a successful professional career to develop
accordingly, such that it is easily possible for the person to work along with colleagues,
seniors and juniors belonging to diverse cultural backgrounds (Sue, Zane, Hall, & Berger,
2009). An employee working in a multicultural organisation will have more opportunity of
achieving professional success if he or she can effectively mix with other cultures and at the
same time value his or her own culture. This is highly essential to succeed in organisations
harbouring employees from various backgrounds (López, Hofer, Bumgarner, & Taylor,
2017).
The modern organisations need to imbibe the cultural competence within their employees. In
many organisations there is a tendency by some of the managers to behave discriminately
with some of the employees, like the ones belonging to some ethnic minority groups, or some
specific social groups, or even the people with disabilities (N A T I O N A L A S S O C I A T
I O N O F S O C I A L W O R K E R S, 2015). Hence, there is lack of effective employee
motivation within the workplace which impacts the performance of the employees within the
organisation. Hence, the observance of cultural competence should be nurtured by the
management and every employee must observe the same in an attempt to develop his or her

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own career within the organisation and also in case of future employment opportunities
(Relias Media, 2017).
Evaluation of secondary question 3:
It is essential in a multicultural environment within an organisation which employs people
from various strata of the society to observe equitable policies for all the employees,
irrespective of their social groups (Kin & Kwok, 2008). For instance, there should be
awareness of social justice for the disadvantaged groups within the organisation, that are not
privileged like the general employees. Hence, a professional wanting to build a career in a
multicultural organisation needs to understand the essence of this social justice awareness and
the rights of the disadvantaged groups within the workplace (Planning Commission India,
2019). This will develop him as a better human being in understanding the people from
diverse cultures and social groups also. This is one of the key factors to professional success
in a multicultural environment within an organisation (India Budget, 2019).
The marginalized or the disadvantaged groups working within an organisation should be
treated ethically and fairly through the observance of social justice and prudent social policies
(NCERT, 2019). It is essential for all the employees to understand that the disadvantaged
community of people also have their basic rights to fair employment opportunities and access
to other facilities and amenities, like an employee from the general category. Therefore, in
building one’s career, it is essential for the person to respect this social justice awareness of
the disadvantaged groups and mix well with them with due respect and empathy and
undertake coordinated efforts with them and trying to help them out in different situations
within the organisation. The imbibing of this learning within an organisation makes it more
opportunistic for an employee to grow and sustain in a diverse business organisation

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The diversity encompasses various aspects for which the gender issues, racial or disability
issues can be found to exist as per isolated manner. It coexists with the issues in an interactive
way. There are factors which influence for the career development and the path for which the
confluent fashion rather the disparate way (Lytle, Foley, & Cotter, 2015). Thus there is a
significant way for counsellors in case of understanding the interaction along with the career
development and the path in s confluent fashion in the more disparate way (Roufa, 2018).
Evaluation of secondary question 4:
It is essential for an institution to promote a multicultural experience within the students
enrolled by the institute (Olguin, Keim, Arzate, & Torres, 2008). it is highly important to
integrate the elements of multicultural career counselling by the modern universities and
colleges that offer several post graduate courses. the modern business establishments have to
recruit a diverse workforce due to the influence of globalisation (Psychology Iresearchnet,
2019). Therefore, teaching the concepts of multicultural tolerance within the institutions will
prepare the candidates accordingly to accept the diversity in the workplace as they have been
doing at the time of studying in their institutes (Sage, 2019).
In the domain of academic and professional development, it is essential for a student to
understand the necessity of instilling a multicultural tolerance approach, in order to study
effectively within the institution (Kerka, 2003). This can be achieved by mixing well with
students from diverse cultural backgrounds, ethnicities, nationalities or social groups. Thus,
the career development programs for the students should integrate the elements of diversity
tolerance and there should be effective guidance from the management in encouraging the
candidates to respect the diversities and work along in a coordinated approach towards
achieving the academic goals and objectives. This strategy will be equally essential in their
future professional careers (Flores & Heppner, 2002).

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The social barriers and multiple contextual factors will interactively influence for the career
development in individual ways. It is more critical for the counsellors for the development
competency in order to work with diverse clients (Nadermann & Eissenstat, 2018). There are
many professional organizations which have both the competency standards and the training
standards for promoting the multicultural competency to the counsellors. Those counsellors
have to acquire the knowledge and also develop the process skills where it is needed to take
the actions in order to understand the views of the clients and other attitudes and beliefs
(Nota, Soresi, Ferrari, & Ginevra, 2014).

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