Health Hazards and Energy Waste from Mumbai Traffic Congestion Project

This project proposal addresses the critical issue of traffic congestion in Mumbai, highlighting its significant impact on public health, energy consumption, and environmental quality. The study begins by analyzing the dramatic increase in private vehicles, leading to severe congestion. It then investigates the direct and indirect health consequences, including mental and physical ailments. The research proposes a technical solution involving real-time traffic density calculation using video and image processing, coupled with a smart traffic light switching algorithm. The methodology includes road diagrams, image analysis, and algorithmic results to demonstrate the system's effectiveness. The proposal outlines a comparison between hard-coded and dynamic algorithms, demonstrating the potential for significant improvements in traffic flow and efficiency. The project also emphasizes new knowledge gained, including congestion avoidance, the application of MATLAB code, and mitigation strategies. This comprehensive approach aims to provide practical and innovative solutions to Mumbai's traffic challenges. The research incorporates the use of live video feeds from traffic cameras and proposes an algorithm for smart traffic light switching, which considers the density of vehicles on the road. The expected outputs include data sets, algorithms, and comparisons to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The proposal also includes the steps required by the government and public to solve the problems related to traffic congestion.

Running head: PROJECT PROPOSAL
HEALTH HAZARDS AND ENERGY WASTE FROM TRAFFIC
CONGESTION AND THE PRACTICAL SOLUTION TO SOLVE THE
TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN MUMBAI CITY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1
PROJECT PROPOSAL
Problem statement:
The road space share of the vehicles that are private in the Mumbai city has grown up
from 60% to 78% within the last two years. Among the vehicles that are private, 49% of the
spaces of the road has been occupied by the private cars that also including SUVs as well as
28% by the motor bikes. It is one of the major reasons for the increasement in the traffic
congestion in the Mumbai city. Within the last two years the private cars have increased by
340% and the motor bikes have increased by 385%. At present there are 20 lakhs of motor
bikes as well as over 10 lakhs of the private vehicles in the Mumbai city. There is a large
drop in the kaali peelis from 67000 less than 21000 presently. Traffic congestion is a serious
issue in Mumbai city. The traffic congestion is one of the most important part of the
environmental factors as well as spectrum socioeconomic outside the health care system with
the impact of the traffic congestion on health. The traffic congestion is having two indirect
and direct negative impacts on the health of people. The direct effect is causing mental
illness, excessive fatigue and premature aging as well as it makes some major issues in the
digestive system, nervo system, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and
respiratory system. On the other side the indirect influences are including the reliance that is
pure on the cars, traffic congestion, accidents and air pollution.
Research questions:
Question 1: What is impact of traffic congestion on the public health?
Question 2: What is the current scenario of traffic congestion in Mumbai city?
Question 3: What is the technical solution to solve these problems?
Question 4: What steps need to be taken by the government?
Question 5: What steps need to be taken by the public for solving these problems?

2
PROJECT PROPOSAL
Research methodology:
The causes of the traffic congestion management are unrestrained demand, highly
increasing number of vehicles, red light delays and insufficient capacity. While unrestrained
demand and the insufficient capacity are interrelated somewhere, the delay of the red light is
hard coded as well as it has no dependency on the traffic. In the recent years the surveillance
system and the video monitoring has been used widely for the management of traffic for the
information of the travellers, real time updates as well as ramp metering. For mitigating the
traffic congestion, the concept of the traffic light switching can be used. The purpose of this
paper is to develop the method for using the live video feed that is from the cameras at the
junctions of the traffic for the real time density calculation of the congestion of the traffic by
using image and video processing. The algorithm for smart traffic light switching according
to the density of the vehicle on the road.
A four-way intersection would get the job done the motivation of exhibiting the working of
the framework. Structure of the framework:
• Road Diagram indicating live feed from the cameras.
• Images indicating changing thickness of the cars and bikes on street.
• Algorithm giving traffic light exchanging as well as the results
This framework comprises of camcorders on the intersections of the traffic for each of the
sides as though this is a four the way intersection. Along these lines the four camcorders will
be introduced on the red lights confronting the street. Cameras would catch video as well as
the broadcasting of this to the servers there utilizing video and picture handling methods the
vehicle thickness on each of the sides of the street is determined and a calculation is utilized
for switching the traffic lights that are too accordingly. Equipment additionally the hardware

3
PROJECT PROPOSAL
is also including association of those cameras to the server to get the feed that is live as well
as a server sufficiently proficient for taking care of the handling necessities.
Programming utilized in the framework incorporates MATLAB video as well as image
processing tool compartment along with the C++ compiler to create algorithmic outcomes.
Take a four the way traffic intersection, having the sides that are named S1, S2, S3 and S4.
Cameras are introduced over the red light for each side named C1, C2, C3 and C4
individually. Server gets the live feed from the performs comparative processing and the
cameras for each of the feeds. Presently it is needed that the picture of the path when it was
vacant as one of the references. It can be done physically as well as required to be done as it
were once since a similar foundation picture can be utilized till the structure of the street is to
be altered. Figure demonstrates the foundation picture changed over to dark as well as the
white for the side C1.
As the video will be being caught at 30 outlines for each second and will be searching for
vehicle thickness consistently. So should consider a period, this contains outlines t [1 to 30].
The code might be:
for i=1:x(1)
for j=1:x(2)
number= number + (I(i,j));
end
end
end

4
PROJECT PROPOSAL
In this way, after 30 cycles get a number as well as after that the number is isolated by a
steady esteem 'c' which is resolved as:
C= Height of camera from street * Number of lines in
subtracted picture network * Number of sections in subtracted
picture * Number of casings every second in the video for example
c= h* (1)* (2)*fps
number = number/c;
It gives the inexact thickness of the vehicles that are on street thinking about that a vehicle
bigger in size shall be having higher thickness as it will cover generally more region and
that's just the beginning time for passing the traffic intersection. This procedure is rehashed
for
A four-way intersection would get the job done the motivation of exhibiting the working of
the framework. Plan of the framework
• Road Diagram demonstrating live feed from cameras.
• Images demonstrating changing thickness of the vehicles that are on street.
• Algorithm giving traffic light exchanging as well as the results of it
This framework comprises of camcorders on the intersections of the traffic for each of the
sides as though this is a four-way intersection. In this way four camcorders will be introduced
over the red lights confronting the street. Cameras would catch video and broadcasting of this
to the servers where utilizing video and picture processing systems the vehicle thickness on

5
PROJECT PROPOSAL
each side of the street is determined and a calculation is utilized for switching the traffic
lights as needs be.
Hard Coded: In the regular traffic lights after each specific time the light changes back to red.
Accordingly by taking a situation where it is an intersection with f the sides, so at any side
green light stays for 60 seconds as well for the red 180 seconds for example each side gets
green light for fix time of 60 seconds, each other after. It is one of the general calculations of
the traffic framework that are hard-coded.
Dynamic Coded: In the calculation that are proposed, considering a side that is as of now red.
On that side thickness of vehicles will be included at the present each second, so this
continues getting determined for every one of the sides there the light is red.
Expected outputs:
Presently, just before 5 seconds when the green light of a path will be going to complete,
investigate all out thickness estimations of each of the paths having red light, and the one
with most extreme is given with the green sign, the thickness is changed over to 0 for the one
that was green before, thickness of other two red lights remain the equivalent, and the way
toward including the thickness rehashes.
Comparing the algorithms:
S.n o Algorithm Time
(sec s)
Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 Lane
4
Total
1 Hard 30 0 25 20 24 69
Dynamic 14 1 17 6 38
2 Hard 60 1 51 28 45 125

6
PROJECT PROPOSAL
Dynamic 11 1 9 24 45
3 Hard 90 26 70 0 76 172
Dynamic 8 20 2 25 55
4 Hard 120 45 85 1 91 222
Dynamic 1 8 24 13 46
5 Hard 150 61 14 27 11 212
0
Dynamic 17 0 20 8 45
6 Hard 180 77 0 50 13
1
258
Dynamic 11 17 13 2 43
7 Hard 210 94 22 78 63 257
Dynamic 1 9 20 21 51
8 Hard 240 109 43 98 3 253
Dynamic 16 2 10 21 49
9 Hard 270 43 68 121 29 261
Dynamic 16 24 3 17 60

7
PROJECT PROPOSAL
10 Hard 300 1 92 152 68 313
Dynamic 8 3 15 22 48
Table: comparing algorithms
This process has been repeated over 100 times and at the last the average has been calculated.
These are some of the examples that are showing below on the table how many of the
vehicles passed in both of the algorithms as well as the improvement with the help of the
algorithm that is dynamic.
S.No Total Cars Hard Coded Dynamic Coded Percentage Improvement
1 571 386 475 23
2 1253 754 1077 42
3 682 429 568 33
4 491 401 463 15
5 782 523 619 18
6 931 642 811 26
7 823 511 664 30
8 1032 679 892 32
9 1126 822 935 13
10 793 560 801 43

8
PROJECT PROPOSAL
Table: How many of the vehicles passed
Idle time:
At the early morning from 6 am to 8 am there are so much low traffic density on the roads. It
can be said that 1 car adds after 10 seconds of delay.
S.No Total Cars Hard Coded Dynamic Coded Percentage Improvement
1 117 110 112 1
2 62 62 62 0
Table: Example of idle time
New knowledge:
There are lots of new knowledge that have been gained from this research paper. This paper
teaches how to avoid the congestion on the traffic. How MATLAB code can be used as
solution. The effect of the traffic congestion on the health of the people and lastly how to
mitigate that thing.
Kind of knowledge that is produced:
This system comprises of the motion video cameras at the time of the intersections of
the traffic for each of the sides as though this is a four the way intersection. Along these lines
the four camcorders will be introduced on the red lights confronting the street. Cameras
would catch video as well as the broadcasting of this to the servers there utilizing video and
picture handling methods the vehicle thickness on each of the sides of the street is determined
and a calculation is utilized for switching the traffic lights that are too accordingly.
Equipment additionally the hardware is also including association of those cameras to the
server to get the feed that is live as well as a server sufficiently proficient for taking care of

9
PROJECT PROPOSAL
the handling necessities. The programming utilized in the framework incorporates MATLAB
video as well as image processing tool compartment along with the C++ compiler to create
algorithmic outcomes.
How the research methodology will produce the new knowledge:
In Mumbai city traffic congestion is a serious issue. The traffic congestion is one of
the most important part of the environmental factors as well as spectrum socioeconomic
outside the health care system with the impact of the traffic congestion on health. The traffic
congestion is having two indirect and direct negative impacts on the health of people. A clear
methodology has been proposed in this proposal. . In the recent years the surveillance system
and the video monitoring has been used widely for the management of traffic for the
information of the travellers, real time updates as well as ramp metering. For mitigating the
traffic congestion, the concept of the traffic light switching can be used. The research
methodology will help to gain several new knowledge as to implement the entire system the
code needs to be done that will be totally new that will provided so much knowledge.
Value of the new knowledge with respect to solving the research problems:
The problem regarding this research paper is the traffic congestion in Mumbai city.
Within the last two years the private cars have increased by 340% and the motor bikes have
increased by 385%. At present there are 20 lakhs of motor bikes as well as over 10 lakhs of
the private vehicles in the Mumbai city. There is a large drop in the kaali peelis from 67000
less than 21000 presently. Traffic congestion is a serious issue in Mumbai city. A lot of new
knowledge can be gained from this research. The knowledge can be used in some of the other
sections such as health care services, video monitoring etc.

10
PROJECT PROPOSAL
Reflection:
Engagement with the research paper:
For the research paper we worked hard from the last month. We have searched for
several research articles on the google scholar and IEEE website there we found so many
articles but the difficult this was to find the right idea to implement for the controlling of the
traffic congestion in the Mumbai city. We have taken the idea from so many research articles
then we found the idea for smart traffic light switching to control the traffic control. There
were so many options to choose the solution for this topic. However it was a bit difficult to
choose the right solution for this topic.
Statement:
The key processes that were found challenging was to find the right idea about
implementing on the problem. Though it was so great experience to work in such a project.
We have gained so much knowledge from this paper. The task was done weekly basis. Firstly
at the first week we have chosen the research topic. The process of the research has been
done seamlessly. The team mates were awesome. All of us have gained so much knowledge
from this proposal. The whole process for the research are as follows:
WBS Task Name Duration
0 Research Schedule 113 days
1 Research Initiation 18 days
1.1 Gathering and Analysis of the Requirement 5 days
1.2 Developing the Research Plan 3 days
1.3 Developing the Research Framework 5 days
1.4 Create Draft for the Research Proposal 5 days
2 Planning for the Research 26 days
2.1 Formation of Research Team 2 days
2.2 Analysis of the Requirement of the Research 2 days

11
PROJECT PROPOSAL
2.3 Formulate Research related Questions 3 days
2.4 Identify the Scope for the Research 3 days
2.5 Identify Research Gap 10 days
2.6 Allocation of Resources as well as Time for the
Research
4 days
2.7 Initiation of Research 2 days
3 Research Development 27 days
3.3 Access to Online Library 2 days
3.4 Select Literature Sources for Review 5 days
3.5 Literature Review 10 days
3.6 Collection of Necessary Data 10 days
4 Data Analysis 30 days
4.1 Analysis of Data that are Collected from Literature 15 days
4.2 Analysis of Secondary Data 15 days
5 Research Evaluation 12 days
5.1 Conclusion using the Data 5 days
5.2 Reflection on Research Undertaken 3 days
5.4 Issues Identification and Future Planning 4 days
The key processes:
For the implementation MATLAB can be used to solve the problem. It is one of the
major reasons for the increasement in the traffic congestion in the Mumbai city. Traffic
congestion is a serious issue in Mumbai city. The traffic congestion is one of the most
important part of the environmental factors as well as spectrum socioeconomic outside the
health care system with the impact of the traffic congestion on health. The traffic congestion
is having two indirect and direct negative impacts on the health of people. The direct effect is
causing mental illness, excessive fatigue and premature aging as well as it makes some major
issues in the digestive system, nervo system, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system
and respiratory system. On the other side the indirect influences are including the reliance
that is pure on the cars, traffic congestion, accidents and air pollution. We thought this idea
because it can be a unique idea for India as the population of India is huge.