Comprehensive Analysis of Nano Technology: Applications and Future

This project report delves into the multifaceted world of nano technology, exploring its applications across diverse sectors including food, medicine, agriculture, and the oil industry. The report begins with an introduction, outlining the aim, objectives, and research questions that guide the investigation. A comprehensive literature review synthesizes existing research, examining how nano technology is revolutionizing these fields. For example, the report discusses the use of nano technology in food for improved delivery systems, in medicine for advanced diagnostics and treatments, and in agriculture for enhanced crop yields. The methodology section is followed by a detailed analysis of the application of nano technology, covering the latest advancements and methodologies in this rapidly evolving field. The conclusion summarizes the key findings, and personal reflection provides insights on the report. The report also includes a reflection on the learning process and areas of improvement. It concludes with a list of references used in the project. This document is contributed by a student and published on Desklib, a platform providing AI-powered study tools for students.

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Abstract
The main aspect of this report is to deal with the different perspectives present within the different
fields that are associated with the advancement of the sectors with the use of Nano Technology. This
technology is said to enhance many new sectors in this modern times as well as it may effectively
show a next generation enhancements in the different fields of study. This report will put an
enhanced focus on the different areas where the nano technology is effectively used as well as it will
also deal with the methodologies that are undertaken by this sectors in regards to the
implementation of the nano technology for the betterment of the users in this sectors in the near
future.
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Contents
1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Aim and Objectives................................................................................................................4
1.1.1 Aim.................................................................................................................................4
1.1.2 Objectives......................................................................................................................4
1.1.3 Research questions........................................................................................................4
2 Literature Review..........................................................................................................................6
3 Research Methodology................................................................................................................12
4 Conclusion and reflection............................................................................................................13
5 Personal reflection.......................................................................................................................14
6 References...................................................................................................................................16
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1 Introduction
The NANO Technology is depicted as a field of science, technology as well as engineering that
are conducted at Nano scale, which is approximately around one to hundred nanometres. Nano
science or Nano technology are significantly identified as the field that deals with the study as well
as applications of the extreme tiny things. This study generally helps the other sectors of science as if
biology, chemistry, material science and many more. One nanometre is said to be a billionth of one
metre (Bhushan, 2017). This technology tends to include the capability for the observation as well as
control regarding the individual single molecules and atoms. The technology enhances an individual
observation power in regards to an atom, as they cannot be seen with the naked eye of a human
being. The concept of nano technology is not also clear with the help of the standard microscopes
that are used in the schools. In this respect, the scientists use the scanning tunnelling microscope as
well as atomic force microscope for critically observing sector of the nano technology.
1.1 Aim and Objectives
1.1.1 Aim
The significant aims as identified in respect to this report are stated as follows:
 To significantly identify the areas of the technology where it is much more efficient.
 To identify the applications that uses nano technology for the specific purposes.
1.1.2 Objectives
The important objectives that this report will focus on are stated as follows:
 The prime objective of this project is to critically assess the areas where the nano technology
has the prominent significance
 The second significant objective is depicted as the future implications as well as an individual
perspective regarding the usage of this technology in different fields.
1.1.3 Research questions
With the evaluation of the aims as well as objectives regarding this project, the most prominent
research question, which is observed, is stated as follows:
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“The significant use of the Nano Technology in this modern times as well as the future aspects of this
technology for enhancing different fields of science, engineering as well as many other fields.”
PUT THE SIGNPOSTING IN HERE
1.2
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2 Literature Review
According to Singh (2016), the nano technology is set to inspire the functional industry
related to food. The technology is depicted to use a lot major advances in the fields of advanced
delivery systems that are associated with the nutraceuticals as well as bioactive compounds. In this
article the great potential in regards to the effective as well as enhanced improvement of the human
health with the help of bioactive compounds are stated (Zhang, Luo and Chen, 2017). The article
depicts the uses of this technology in many food materials that further helps the creation of the
delivery systems regarding the incorporation as well as protection of the compounds within the
bounds of the food matrix thus preventing the food from the harshness of the food processing as
well as the conditions in which the food are being stored. Moreover, this article also puts a clear
reflection on the fact of the future improvements in regards to the usage of the nano delivery
systems of the food. This nano deliver systems will put an emphasis on the improvement of the
bioavailability as well as bioactive material absorption that will further improve the functionality of
the foods (Var and Sağlam, 2015). Thus, these systems will help with the target delivery of the
specific parts in regards to the gastrointestinal tract. The focus on the nano products associated with
the foods are depicted to be easily available in the market. This includes the nano particles of the
carotenoids that are easily dispersed in the water, the nano technology based supplements of the
minerals that are likely to be nano iron as well as nano calcium. Moreover, this also involves the
micellar systems, which are supposed to be of nano metre sized that will include the enhanced
delivery systems of phytochemicals, minerals as well as vitamins (Abo-Hamad et al., 2015). The
issues that might persist in the next few decades as suggested by the article depicts the negative
effects of the nano technology particles in regards to the human health. The organizations that deals
with the food processing using the nano technology must also adhere the factors in regards to the
negative aspects that might be visible in accordance to the health of a human being. The articles
significantly provides a clear description of the nano-encapsulation systems regarding the necessary
bioactive compounds for the success of the delivery systems (Chowdhury et al., 2017). Nano
emulsions are clearly stated within the articles that is represented as the intimate dispersion
regarding liquid crystals that tends to form the discrete droplets, which possess the diameter
generally ranging from the 20 to 200 nm. Moreover, the article also states the concept of Micro
emulsions that are identified to be the mixture of oil, water as well as amphiphilic molecules that are
determined to be thermodynamically stable (LaBaer and Nicolini, 2019). This Micro emulsions are
stated to be suitable in regards to the food grade surfactants. In addition to all this, the article also
suggests some more nano technology based solutions for the food grade up gradation.
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According to Saleh (2017), the imperative application of the nanotechnology in the sectors
of the oil as well as petroleum industry. The book basically deals with the fact that the contribution
of the nano technology might contribute in the fact for the development of the efficient, advanced
as well as enhanced and cheaper nano sound based sensor systems to be readily available in the
market that will further tend to detect the presence of oils to continue with the isomerization
procedure. This system will also possess the inhibition of the production tubes regarding the oil (Yu
et al., 2018). The book deals with the development as well as creation of the new enhanced as well
as effective sensors that will be hard and small enough for sustaining under the harsh conditions
thus providing the accurate measurement of the temperature, rate of flow of the oil as well as gas
and the pressure in regards to the flow of the oil beneath the surfaces. With the help of the nano
technology, the various methods in regards to the synthesis may be developed for the production of
the effective nano materials that will further tend to develop the unique sensors as well as contrast
agents of imaging. The book suggests the combination of the nanoparticles as well as smart fluids,
which will help with the development of the effective sensor regarding the stated measurements
(Gupta, Fischer and Frewer, 2015). Moreover, the book also discusses about the innovative
techniques as well as skills in association with the drilling procedure. This will mostly depend based
on water fluid. This methodology tends to make a dramatic change in respect to the drilling
procedure (Contreras, Rodriguez and Taha-Tijerina, 2017). The creation of this type of drilling
procedures are based on the fact that these sensors will be cost effective as well as they may be
used in a much easy manner.
According to Nikalje (2015), the usage of the nanotechnology is significantly identified in the
field of medicines. With the innovation within the field of medicine in regards to the
nanotechnology, the procedure tends to improve the diagnosis, effective treatment as well as a
constant check on the diseases that might be highlighted within a human body (Trujillo et al., 2016).
To make the testing as well as treatment procedure more sensitive and flexible the usage of the
nano technology is vastly used for this type of enhancement. Moreover, the gene sequence
methodology enhancement with the usage of the nano technology is also a depicted field within the
enhancement for the medicine sectors. This article deals with the development for the advanced
biosensors that are being created with the help of the nano tubes that are made up of Carbon. These
biosensors helps in the advanced study of the factors regarding the field of the astrobiology thus
providing a great focus on the life origins (Beik et al., 2016). In addition to this, the nano technology
is supposed to put immense focus on the repair as well as reproduction of the damaged tissues
within a living organism. These are known as the cells that are artificially stimulated within the
environment of the tissue engineering (Thomas, Grohens and Ninan, 2015). This procedure is
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believed to enhance the transplantation procedure regarding the organs of the human beings as well
as the artificial plants. Moreover, the nano technology is supposed to put a great emphasis on the
medications that will improve the treatment procedure of the diseases as adhered by the humans.
Additionally the article also depicts the tests of two types of the nano technology medicines that are
being tested in mice as well as it is ready to be tested on the human trials. This article also focuses
on the nano particles that may be used for the specific delivery of the drugs that are based on the
nano technology. The usage of the nano technology will be enhanced within the next future years as
depicted by the authors of the articles. The usage of this technology in the field of the solar as well
as thermal powers are depicted to be cheaper, light weight as well as much more efficient in regards
to its usage in the medicine sectors. Moreover, nanotechnology also helps in the development of the
effective eco-friendly technologies that will tend to minimize the pollution rate present in the
environment (Navarro et al., 2016). The technology mainly enhances the control in the size as well as
participants of the chemical compositions within the environment for the medicine in regards to the
synthesis of the nano particles (Samanta, Banerjee and Liu, 2015). The below figure depicts the
usage of the nano technology in accordance to the biosensors that will help the cell tracking as well
as the transplantation within a human body.
(Image: Nanotechnology applications within the medicine field and stem cell biology)
(Source: Nikalje, 2015)
According to Manjunatha, Biradar and Aladakatti (2016), the significant implication of the
nanotechnology in the field of agriculture is identified. As most of the developing countries depends
on the field of agriculture (Scott, Chen and Cui, 2018). This is analysed by conducting survey in
various countries that the mode of architecture is not only the source that helps the citizens of the
country to be readily available with food but this also happens to be a significant source for fuelling
the economy (Prasad, Kumar and Kumar, 2017). The usage of the nano fertilizers enhances the usage
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efficiency of the nutrients by three times thus providing a great emphasis on the tolerance capability
of the stress. The usage of the nano technology by various countries in the field of agriculture are
significantly identified in the provided table below.
Rank (order of
usage)
Application areas Identified examples
1 Storage of energy, its production as well as conversion Storage of H within CNT
2 Enhancement in the productivity of the agriculture Delivery of Herbicide
3 Treatment as well as remediation of water Nano-membranes
4 Diagnosis of disease as well as screening them Lab-on-chip
5 Delivery systems for drugs Nano-capsules
6 Processing of food and its storage Packaging
7 Pollution as well as remediation of air Nano-crystals
8 Construction Durability
9 Monitoring of health Touch sensors
10 Pest detection as well as control Touch sensors as well as
pesticides
(Table: Detailed examples of the usage of nanotechnology in different fields)
(Source: Manjunatha, Biradar and Aladakatti, 2016)
Moreover, the usage of nanotechnology as focused in the agricultural fields is significantly identified
as the fact of the controlled environment agriculture. This CEA are identified as the smart sensors as
well as the smart delivery systems that tends to enhance the combat viruses and the other present
crop pathogens (Seeman and Sleiman, 2018). The nanostructured catalysts are also stated to be
available in the near future that will enhance the efficient usage of the pesticides as well as
herbicides thus allowing the lower doses that are to be used within this field. This nano technology
will enhance the companies with the manipulation of the characteristics regarding the outer shell of
a capsule that may control the delivery of the substances, which are to be released (Pacheco-Torgal
et al., 2018). The technology is likely to deliver the maximised output with the advancement in the
precision farming via constant monitoring as well as applying the desired actions regarding the
variables present in the environment. The article also suggests the certain designs of the micro nano
technology that may be used in the near future. These are stated as follows:
 Slow release
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 Specific release
 pH release
 DNA nano capsule
 Heat release
 Quick release
 Magnetic release
 Moisture release
 Ultrasound release
According to Hussein (2015), the implementation of the nano technology is observed to be used
in the field of renewable energy that are depicted to be light, heat as well as electricity. The article
deals with the implication of the nano materials with the renewable sources of energy to pursue
enhanced longevity. This may be done by the usage of the additional acid or bases in regards to the
effective suspension in the pH value of the energies. The methodology of using the ultrasonic
vibrations is also depicted as a significant one in regards to the usage of the nanotechnology in the
field of renewable sources of energy (Guerra et al., 2018). Moreover, the article clearly states the
usage of the nanotechnology in the renewable form of solar energy, the hydrogen energy, bio
energy, wind energy, geothermal energy as well as water energy. The different uses of the solar cells
as well as enhanced methodologies of the nano technology within the field of solar energy is of
significant presence. The clear observation in regards to the usage of the nano molecules in the
water energy for enhancing the sustainability of the resource is depicted to be one of the significant
importance to the environment (Sargent, 2016). Thus, it can said after having a critical analysis of the
article is that the renewable sources of energy will deal with a new enhanced as well as an effective
future in the near years. Moreover, in the consumption of this renewable sources of energy will also
be helped by the usage of the nano technology with the increase in the solar cells, cells of fuel as
well as water turbines (Baruah, Khan and Dutta, 2016). The technology tends to improve the abilities
of the developed countries to decrease down the negative effects within the environment that are
caused by the burning of the fossil fuels. The technology will also significantly help to reduce down
the cost of the components that are too expensive, which are associated with the preservation of
the energy. The bio fuel sector is also intended to review effective results in regards to the usage of
the nano particles within this sector (de Oliveira et al., 2017). The article suggests that further
researches must be carried out in regards to the usage of the nano technology in the sectors of the
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geothermal as well tidal energies as the sources of this type of renewable sources of energy are
decreasing day by day and the preservation of this energies are duly necessary for the future
environment.
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3 Research Methodology
The above literature review firstly suggests the usage of nano technology in various fields such
as renewable sources of energy, the medicine sector, the agricultural sector, the most important
food sector as well as the oil and petroleum industry. The methodologies as used by these sectors to
implement the nano technology in the respective sectors is quite different from reach other. Thus,
the study of the methodologies is also important for an individual that are trying to study the field of
nano technology. The significant methodology used by the sector of renewable source of energy is
depicted as the usage of the nano particles that tends to enhance the sustainability of the energy
sources thus effectively using them through a long time. Moreover, the medicine sector uses the
nano technology to effectively increase the potential of the medicines by the use of Nano tubes as
well effective nano delivery systems. In the agriculture sectors, the nano-structured catalysts are
used for the enhancement of the agricultures produced by the countries. In addition to this, the use
of the nano delivery systems in the food industry tends to increase the enhanced delivery systems of
phytochemicals, minerals as well as vitamins (Prasad, Bhattacharyya and Nguyen, 2017). However,
these methodologies are to be more critically assessed in respect to their usage in the respective
sectors but it can easily be depicted that the use of the nano technology will improve the
performance of this sectors and enrich them to a next level within the next few upcoming years.
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