American History, University Name: Native Americans and the Civil War

This essay delves into the experiences of Native Americans during the 19th century, focusing on their interactions with the U.S. government, including treaties and westward expansion. It examines the impact of the Supreme Court's rulings on Native American status, highlighting the complexities of their relationship with the federal government. The essay also explores the influence of the Dawes Act on Native American culture and land ownership, as well as the intermarriage between former slaves and Native Americans. Furthermore, it discusses the participation of Native Americans and Black Indians in the American Civil War, including their involvement in battles and alliances. The essay references scholarly sources to support its claims, providing a comprehensive overview of this critical period in American history.

Running Head: AMERICAN HISTORY
American History
Student’s Name
University Name
Author’s Note

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AMERICAN HISTORY
At the advent of the nineteenth century there have been only about 250000 Native Americans
who have comprised only about 0.3% of the entire population. They have mostly been living on
basis of reservation basis and their self governance status has also been limited. The Native
Americans were forced to bear the pain of removal westward, provided by a succession of
treaties as well as military defeats from the USA government as it had expanded its control over
the west of America.
In the year 1831, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was making a crucial attempt to
define their status. To the benefit of the liberty of the Native Americans, it was declares that the
Indian tribes were separate domestic nation whose relation with that of the United States was
similar to that of a ward with his guardian (Fox, 2019). However, in this note there was an
attempt to discriminate their identity as well as their essence of existence from that of the other
tribal sections. Marshall in reality recognized that America’s Indians are unique in that, unlike
other forms of minority, they are all separate nations as well as segment of the United States.
This helps in explaining why terms between the federal government as well as the Native
Americans have been problematic.
However, researchers like Anderson (2016), have argued that in spite of the judgment of the
Supreme Court of America there have been an envious eye always cast on the on some valuable
land as well as resources of the Indians. The harmony with nature that has been preserved by the
Native Americans over an extensive period was devastated in this period. It was a direct outcome
of the of rampant capitalistic attitude of White America.
However, there was massive impact of the Dawes Act that had a great deal of influence on the
African American between the times from 1887 till 1931 (Faruqi, 2018). The modern observers

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have accepted this policy as both patristic as well as racist. The embracing of the Christian
civilization by the native tribal of Africa after coming to America was an outcome of the Dawes
act. There were good as well as bad impact of this Act. On one hand they lost access to their
intrinsic and indigenous culture (Brown et al. 2019). On the other hand they were also able to
enjoy the advantages in the form of the decree, which determined that the Indian Reservation
land was to be divided into plots and allocated to individual Native Americans.
Another important occurrence was the intermarriage between the Former slaves with the
Native Americans and as an account of that there have been civil protests over the quest of
existence and the tax exemption issue. The freed African Americans, Indians, as well as the
Native Americans participated in American Civil War in confrontation with the Confederate
Army. In the November 1861, the Muscogee Creek as well as Black Indians, commanded by
Opothleyahola, engaged in 3 pitched battles with Confederate whites as well as allied Native
Americans for the occupancy of Union lines in Kansas and thereby provide their services. Some
Black Indians were also engaged in colored regiments with the other African-American army
men.

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Reference List
Anderson, C. W. (2016). Native Americans and the Origin of Abraham Lincoln's Views on Race.
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, 37(1), 11-29.
Brown, R. A., Dickerson, D. L., Klein, D. J., Agniel, D., Johnson, C. L., & D’Amico, E. J.
(2019). Identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native in Urban Areas: Implications for
Adolescent Behavioral Health and Well-Being. Youth & Society, 0044118X19840048.
Faruqi, S. A. S. S. (2018). The Urban Soundscape: Analysing the Spatiotemporal Distribution of
Acoustic Events and its Influence on the Racial/Ethnic Composition of New York City
Neighbourhoods. Malaysian Journal of Music, 7, 180-194.
Fox, K. (2019). Implementing Hostility and Acceptance: LGBTQ Persecution, Rights, and
Mobility in the Context of Western Moral Entrepreneurship. In LGBTI Asylum Seekers
and Refugees from a Legal and Political Perspective (pp. 11-29). Springer, Cham.