System Design Report: Natural-Lee Online Shopping System (ISY00243)

This report presents a comprehensive system design for Natural-Lee, an organic food provider, aiming to create an online shopping platform. The report begins with an executive summary and introduction to the project, followed by detailed analysis of fact-finding techniques, including questionnaires and prototyping, along with recommendations and identification of key staff roles. It proceeds to define the main functions of the new system, roles for user interaction, and potential additional features. Use-case diagrams are created to visually represent system interactions, with descriptions of selected use cases. The report then delves into database design, including ERD diagrams, table structures, and data examples. Further, it covers system sequence diagrams, software package options, and feasibility analysis. The report concludes with recommendations for system implementation and overall project success.

System Design AndSystem Design And
ProjectProject

Executive Summary
Systems design is the process of defining elements of a system like modules, architecture,
components and their interfaces and data for a system based on the specified requirements. This
report deals with a new information system, its designing and all other crucial aspects which
must be ensured before a development of exact system as by designing different aspects of
system can be acknowledged and if any problem exists then it can also be identified and solution
can be developed before any other investment within the project. Basically, teh complete design
online booking or shopping system along with other management functions will be provided by
which it can become easy to practically implement the solution for problems that are being
experienced by organisation.

Table of Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Activity 5.........................................................................................................................................2
1. Illustrate fact-finding techniques.............................................................................................2
2. Recommendations for fact-finding techniques........................................................................2
3. Identification of two staff members with distinct job roles for project...................................3
4. List of questions for interview.................................................................................................3
Activity 6.........................................................................................................................................4
1. List main functions which have to be carried out by new system...........................................4
2. Illustrate roles for communicating with new system...............................................................4
3. List of additional features which can be added within new system........................................4
4. Create use-case diagram for new system.................................................................................4
5. Select four use-cases and describe them..................................................................................6
6. Pick one use case and illustrate its description along with activity diagram.........................10
Activity 7.......................................................................................................................................13
1. Review fact-finding summary and information about required system................................13
2. Draw ERD diagram...............................................................................................................13
3. Design tables along with primary and foreign key................................................................14
4. Illustrate format of codes used in keys..................................................................................17
5. Creation of appropriate data with three records within each table........................................17
Activity 8.......................................................................................................................................20
1. Creation of system sequence diagram...................................................................................20
2. Search for software packages which can be used within new system...................................21
3. Illustrate three options for new system..................................................................................22
4. Review feasibility analysis of new system............................................................................22
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................22
Recommendations..........................................................................................................................23
References......................................................................................................................................24
1

Introduction
System design refers to process that is being utilised for defining components, interfaces,
data and modules for a system that are liable for satisfaction of peculiar requirements. This
involves process of creation and alteration of systems along with practices, models,
methodologies and processes that are being utilised for developing them (Alkadeem and et. al,
2019). This report is based on Natural-Lee that furnishes organic certified fruits, nuts,
vegetables, decorative plants, eggs, and honey which are being grown up through biodynamic
soils and permaculture principles. This report comprises of fact-finding techniques,
recommendations along with interview questions and plans for the same. Furthermore, modelling
of new system will be done through usage of use case and activity diagrams. Apart from this, it
involves entity relationship diagram, database tables, format of codes and data within each table.
Furthermore, sequence diagram, packages along with feasibility analysis of new system.
Activity 5
1. Illustrate fact-finding techniques.
The process of collecting data along with information depending upon techniques that
comprises of sampling of existent research, questionnaires, prototyping, observation, joint
requirements and interview planning is referred to as fact-finding technique. The different
techniques that can be utilised by Natural-Lee are interviews, questionnaires, prototyping and
joint requirements planning. They can opt for questionnaire as this will furnish them with an
appropriate method through which they will be able to have answer to their queries and
alterations they are looking forward to include within their system (Awasthi and Omrani, 2019).
The major benefit provided by this is that it is inexpensive, practical, scalable, easy analysis can
be made and it is standardised. Furthermore, management of Natural-Lee can have quick results
through its usage along with respondent anonymity.
2. Recommendations for fact-finding techniques.
Apart from questionnaires, there are distinct fact-finding methodologies which can be
utilised by organisation. They are illustrated below: Prototyping: This is liable for collection of requirement facts related with system.
Basically, it illustrates a small working model which is associated with pre-design of
information system. This can be carried out at early stages of SDLC while identification
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of facts. It is recommended that Natural-Lee can test as well as acknowledge system in
advance before they are being executed. This will lead them to identify development of
system before development costs are being applied on them. It also have some
disadvantage that is results can be taken as real but this is not complete system.
 Joint Requirements Planning: This is structured group that is liable for carrying out
work meeting by identification, analysis of problems and defining needs of system. JRP
is liable for tabulating facts within smaller time frame (Beratan, 2019). The major
advantage which is furnished by this is that both management and users can use this.
Along with this, time is also saved with respect to development of system as this do not
involves conducting interviews i.e. one-on-one. But the disadvantage is it is important
that all individuals actively participate within JRP session.
3. Identification of two staff members with distinct job roles for project.
The primary roles for this are developer and tester. Their role has been specified beneath: Developer: They are liable for developing entire system as per the requirements which
have been attained. It is necessary that all the aspects are considered so that new system
as per what is being required (De Rooij, Mannak and Janowicz-Panjaitan, 2019).
 Tester: They are responsible for ensuring that system is working according to what is
being required and in case if all the requirements are not addressed then those must be
reported to developer by which changes can be made accordingly.
4. List of questions for interview.
With respect to Natural-Lee some questions have been illustrated beneath:
Developer
1. Tell about the projects on which they have worked on and what it was all about?
2. How are your SQL skills?
3. How you deal with an application if it stops working?
Tester
1. What is software testing?
2. Differentiate between quality assurance and quality control?
3. What tasks comes within test closure activities in the software testing?
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Activity 6
1. List main functions which have to be carried out by new system.
With respect to new system of Natural-Lee, the major functions which will be lead by
this are illustrated below:
 Information system will be liable for encouraging customer service along with
communication among them. Along with this, online base ordering system will be
created. It comprises of webpage through which customers can make orders and they will
also have details related with whether product is available or not (Fadillah and Fitriana,
2019). This will support accounting system which will aid within carrying out financial
transaction and record keeping.
 New system aids within production management through collection of data of company
as well as store its information.
2. Illustrate roles for communicating with new system.
The interaction can be carried out by management of Natural-Lee to carry out their
customer service to check orders that have been made along with products which are being
shown in available category. Furthermore, to identify how many payments have been made and
how many are pending (Falcidieno, Ruggiero and Torti 2019). In addition to this, all the
information of firm can be stored as well as retrieved when they are needed.
3. List of additional features which can be added within new system.
Though these attributes are enough for handling problems that are being faced by
Natural-Lee but still improvements can be made. There can be option for customer where they
can make queries and have a quick response for same. If some product is sold out then it should
be automatically updated as well as number of products left must be updated so that customers
can have exact number of products.
4. Create use-case diagram for new system.
The graphic depiction of interaction which takes place among different elements of
systems are referred to as use case diagram. They are being utilised for gathering needs of
system that comprises of internal as well as external influences (Falcidieno, Ruggiero and Torti,
2019). The use-case diagram for new system or it can be named as online shopping system is
illustrated below:
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The use-case diagram for Natural-Lee is illustrated above named online shopping system
where web customer can be registered and can view items or products which are being available
with them. As per requirements, they will make further purchases and can make payments
through usage of credit payment service or paypal which ever option is better for them. Then
they can check out. Furthermore, the new customers can register and can have access to services
that are being provided by Natural-Lee.
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5. Select four use-cases and describe them.
They are illustrated below:
Website Administrator:
Within Natural-Lee, website administrator is liable for creation of user, update and delete
them. The object Help Desk will look for users or probable customers, lock as well as unlock
them. Basically, they are liable for management of their users. If any alterations are being made
within information of users then it can be updated. In case when users are making orders but
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Illustration 1: Use Case for Website Administrator of Natural-Lee

cancelling them always such kind of customers can be blocked as well as locked as it is not
worth investing on them.
View Items & Customer Authentication:
With respect to this use case diagram, within new information system of Natural-Lee
items can be searched by their customers browse among options they have, as per their previous
purchases recommendations will be given to them which they can view. Within customer
authentication, they can add their products within shopping cart as well as update their wish list.
Here, add to Wish List and View Recommended Items requires that customers must be
authenticated. The reason behind this is to ensure that bot is not making use of the system and it
is a human.
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Illustration 2: Use Case for View Items & Customer Authentication of Natural-Lee

Merchants Credit Card Processing System:
In context of this use-case diagram, merchant or customers will give instructions for
transactions to credit card payment gateway. Bank that have issued credit card will act as a actor
those will either reject or approve transactions which are being made by customers. In case
transactions are being approved then funds will be directly transferred to account of Natural-Lee.
This will be done as per the products they have opted for and price will also be mentioned on
products. But some tax will be deducted when online payments are being made so total amount
will be according to this.
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Illustration 3: Use Case for Website Credit Card Processing System of Natural-Lee

Checkout Use-Case:
This involves various use cases, here web customer of Natural-Lee who have opted for
online shopping of food will be authenticated. It will be carried out by making use of single sign-
on or remember me (user authentication cookie).This can be carried out by making use of login
page of user. In addition to this, web site authentication services will be utilised. Checkout use
case also involves Payment use case which will provide an option of external credit payment
service, credit card payments or any other method which might be apt as per their users.
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Illustration 4: Use Case for Checkout for Natural-Lee

6. Pick one use case and illustrate its description along with activity diagram.
Website Administrator:
The above use case is basically utilised for managing users and possess two actors
website administrator & help desk. They have standard users that comprises of creation, retrieval
or finding, updation and delete them as per requirements. In addition to this the website security
aspects are also taken into consideration by making use of lock and unlock user use cases. For an
instance, if some individual is making unsuccessful login attempts via invalid user password then
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Illustration 5: Use Case for Website Administrator for Natural-Lee

account of user will be locked for peculiar time for preventing attacks like brute force. This will
be carried out automatically through website authentication or intrusion detection subsystem.
Activity Diagram: The visual presentation of flow of control or series of actions within
system that is alike to data flow diagram or flowchart is referred to as activity diagram (Genta
and Morello, 2019). It can be utilised by Natural-Lee for illustration of steps which are being
utilised within use case as activities modelled are concurrent and sequential. With respect to,
website administrator, its activity diagram is shown below:
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The admin of new system of Natural-Lee will enter their login credentials to enter within
it, then they will be authenticated to ensure that they are authorised. If details entered by them
are not appropriate then again they have to enter what is being asked for getting within the
system. Now they can add category like organic and inorganic food in which they can modify
details. Furthermore, items can be added if demands are made or something new is brought up by
Natural-Lee and accordingly prices will be changed or entered. They also have the liabilities to
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edit item like if it is a seasonality food and not available then it can be deleted. It also comprises
of managing order along with users. These activities are being carried out by Website
administrator of Natural-Lee. After this, admin can logout from system.
Activity 7
1. Review fact-finding summary and information about required system.
Natural-Lee is enhancing there small business to commercial business but while doing this,
they faced various problems. Customer’s need to invest there time within making orders and
bringing them home. The orders were made by making use of phone calls that was not feasible as
when many people make orders then it becomes difficult for them to communicate. Along with
this, it also distracts owner when they are in field (Haberfellner and et. al, 2019). Furthermore,
there also come issues related with accounting system that leads to create confusion with respect
to whether payments are being made or not. There is also unscheduled time that creates traffic
when customers come to pickup their food products. For dealing with these issues new
information system is needed so that business operations can be carried out smoothly along with
with record-keeping can be maintained, decision making, data analysis, communication and
many others.
The major assets of new system are illustrated below:
 It will lead to collect order via online means. This denotes that information of their
probable customers will also be stored within their database.
 The products and services which are being delivered by Natural-Lee will be promoted by
websites or any other social media platform.
 All the transactions will be made online so that there do not exist any kind of confusion
with respect to whether payments are being made or not.
 Proper documentation can be maintained without any or minimised paperwork. Along
with this pickup of orders will also be confirmed (Mullarkey and Hevner, 2019).
2. Draw ERD diagram.
Entity relationship diagram refers to a data modelling techniques which is being utilised
for graphical illustration of entities of information systems along with relationship among them.
This implies representational and conceptual model of data for representing framework of
infrastructure. With respect to Natural-Lee, the major entities are: farm, status, customer, orders,
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vegetables & price, organic certified and delivery person. They comprises crucial assets of new
system and each have different attributes with respect to this (Oshana and Kraeling, 2019).
Relationship among them shows the ways in which they are being connected with each other.
The ERD diagram for Natural-Lee is illustrated below:
3. Design tables along with primary and foreign key.
The aggregation of associated data which is contained within table format in database is
referred to as table (Wang, Zhao and Qiao, 2019). It comprises of columns and rows. With
respect to entities of new system of Natural-Lee the different tables which will be used within
database are mentioned beneath:
Farm:
Attributes Types
Farm_ID Integer
Veg_Pr_ID Integer
Plants Char
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Illustration 6: ERD Diagram for Natural Lee

Vegetables Char
Customer:
Attributes Types
Cust_ID Integer
Status_ID Integer
Person_ID Integer
Order_ID Char
Name Char
Address Varchar
Contact_Details Integer
Order_Made Varchar
Status:
Attributes Types
Status_ID Integer
Farm_ID Integer
Regular Char
Variable Char
Orders:
Attributes Types
Order_ID Char
Cust_ID Integer
Quantity Integer
Order_Date Integer
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Delivery_Date Integer
Vegetables and Price:
Attributes Types
Veg_Pr_ID Varchar
Farm_ID Integer
Quality Char
Food Char
Fruits Char
Delivery Person:
Attributes Types
Person_ID Integer
Cust_ID Integer
Name Char
Gender Char
Contact_Number Integer
Organic Certified:
Attributes Types
Organic_ID Varchar
Veg_Pr_ID Integer
Type Char
Quality Varchar
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In above tables the underlined data shows primary keys and those in italic illustrates
foreign keys. Primary key denotes peculiar choice of minimised set of attributes which uniquely
illustrates tuple within the relation. Foreign key is defined as set of projects attributes for definite
kind of inclusion dependency constraints which tuple comprises of foreign key attributes within
one relation.
4. Illustrate format of codes used in keys.
Primary keys refer to peculiar relational database table column that is liable for unique
identification of all the records of a table. They possess specific value for each row of data and
do not have any null value for this (Alkadeem and et. al, 2019). Each entity have different
primary keys and codes depending upon values they will be taking, it is shown below:
Entities
Entities Attributes Types
Farm Farm_ID Integer
Customer Cust_ID Integer
Status Status_ID Integer
Orders Order_ID Char
Vegetables and Price Veg_Pr_ID Varchar
Delivery Person Person_ID Integer
Organic Certified Organic_ID Varchar
5. Creation of appropriate data with three records within each table.
Farm:
Farm_ID Veg_Pr_ID Plants Vegetables
1 101 Amaryllis Broccoli
2 102 Barberton Daisy Beetroot
3 103 Bird of Paradise Lettuce
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Customer:
Cust_ID Status_ID Person_ID Order_ID Name Address Contact_D
etails
Order_Ma
de
1001 2001 3001 A John 20,
Elizabeth
Street,
London
88379488 6th
February,
2020
1002 2002 3002 B Peter 72 Rupara
Street,
Enfield
Plaza,
South
Australia
89432620 27th
January,
2020
1003 2003 3003 C Alexa 17 Friar
John Way,
Dudley
Park
Western
Australia
24008594 5th
February,
2020
Status:
Status_ID Farm_ID Regular Variable
2001 1 Yes No
2002 2 No Yes
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2005 5 Yes Yes
Orders:
Order_ID Cust_ID Quantity Order_Date Delivery_Date
4001 1001 5 6th February, 2020 15th February,
2020
4002 1005 7 5th March, 2020 15th March, 2020
4003 1003 10 5th February, 2020 20th February,
2020
Vegetables and Price:
Veg_Pr_ID Farm_ID Quality Food Fruits
A1 1 Good Beetroot Mandarin
A2 2 Excellent Celery Rockmelons
A3 3 Good Broccoli Pawpaw
Delivery Person:
Person_ID Cust_ID Name Gender Contact_Number
3001 1001 David Male 4008 5947
3002 1002 Ray Male 4591 4488
3005 1005 Sophie Female 5367 1477
Organic Certified:
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Organic_ID Veg_Pr_ID Type Quality
B1 A1 Nutritious Very Good
B2 A2 Chemical_Free Normal
B4 A4 Natural Good
Activity 8
1. Creation of system sequence diagram.
The communication among classes with respect to interchange of messages with time is
referred to as sequence diagram. This will enable within having predictions with respect to ways
in which system will behave as well as identify responsibilities of a class for processing model of
new system (Awasthi and Omrani, 2019). It will aid Natural-Lee to visualise activities that are
being carried out by their customers or entire new system. With respect to their customers the,
sequence diagram is illustrated beneath:
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Sequence diagram for customers:
2. Search for software packages which can be used within new system.
The various software programs that are bundled together and sold a set is referred to as
software package. It is liable for describing set of software which is liable for accomplishment of
peculiar functions just like installation on desktop. The packages like database application,
sending emails, automatic messages will be included within the package (Beratan, 2019). Along
with this, content, process and account management can be further packaged so that admin can
appropriately manage their new information system. The major packages are illustrated below:
Abstract window toolkit (AWT): It is an API for developing graphical user interface or
window-based applications within java. They are platform dependent which means that
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Illustration 7: Sequence diagram for customers of Natural-Lee

components will be illustrated as per view of operating system (De Rooij, Mannak and
Janowicz-Panjaitan, 2019). This will aid Natural-Lee to have few boots which means that can be
executed locally through operating system along with this less memory will be needed for this.
Util: This comprises of aggregation of framework, event model, date and time
functionalities and legacy collection classes along with other miscellaneous utility classes. This
will aid Natural-Lee to have a skeletal execution of collection interface along with this also it
includes calendar, currency dates and many other classes which will aid them to ensure effectual
working of new information system.
3. Illustrate three options for new system.
They are illustrated beneath:
 In-house development: It will lead Natural-Lee to know all the crucial assets of their
own system. This will not lead to vulnerabilities or system hacking due to third person as
all the loopholes are known to developer and they will be responsible for entire
management irrespective of having someone else to handle their new system (Fadillah
and Fitriana, 2019).
 Cloud storage: If Natural-Lee will have their own equipments for storage or other
resources then it will be costly. So they can opt for services from cloud providers as they
have to pay as per their requirements.
 Private network: This will enable Natural-Lee to ensure security aspects as third person
will not have access to their system to a larger extent.
4. Review feasibility analysis of new system.
From above it is obvious that as per the functionalities illustrated above with respect to
new information system this is feasible. The reason behind this is that there is a practical solution
to deal with all problems like online system is being developed which is possible (Falcidieno,
Ruggiero and Torti 2019). This will lead to resolve issues which are being faced by them.
Conclusion
From the above report, it can be concluded that information systems plays a vital role within
the organisation. It ranges from wide range of activities like here, online shopping of food or
vegetables to management of entire tasks which an organisation has to carry out. Along with this,
designing aids within clear identification of problems as well as formulation of solution to them
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and interrelations between essential elements associated with those. Through these interrelations
it becomes easy to ensure that new system will work as per the required needs. Furthermore,
there has to be a proper lifecycle which will ensure that tasks are being carried out as per
requirements to have impelling outcome.
Recommendations
It is recommended that Natural-Lee must opt for in-house development as it will not lead
firm that someone else have the essential knowledge of their sytem which might be utilised at
latter step in a wrong way. Furthermore, storage from cloud must be taken so that extra cost can
be saved with respect to devices and they can as per what features they are looking forward for.
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