NBNS1103 Transcultural Nursing: Vaccination Issues & Child Marriage

This presentation delves into transcultural nursing, focusing on the impact of religious beliefs on vaccination acceptance within diverse communities and the cultural factors influencing child marriage. It examines the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in addressing vaccination hesitancy due to religious objections and mistrust, providing suggestions for building trust through multidisciplinary approaches and targeted education. The presentation also discusses the complexities of child marriage in Singapore, considering various ethnic communities' perspectives and beliefs, highlighting the role of education and economic opportunity in promoting healthier practices and addressing issues like poverty and family honor that contribute to early marriage. The content provided is a student contribution and Desklib offers a platform for accessing similar solved assignments and study resources.

TRANSCULTURE IN
NURSING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
PROJECT 1 .....................................................................................................................................1
Discussion on religious beliefs of vaccination among diverse community along with some
exaples....................................................................................................................................1
Discussion on the suggestion to overcome vaccination issues among diverse community along
with specific evidence ..........................................................................................................3
PROJECT 2......................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Trans-culture in nursing is the important area of nursing practices and care in context to
the management of each and every patient in their different aspects and needs of culture. This is
involving the actions and practices of the professional nursing in context to the different cultural
aspect (Stephen, (2021). The way and method of the nursing in which they interact to the
cultural aspect is known as trans-culture nursing. Vaccination is the key mode or method of
managing well-bing, which helps the individuals to improve and develop their immunity against
the selective viruses. Hence result as the control of pandemic situation. But the social beliefs
regarding vaccination is different which develop various challenge for the nursing staff.
Marriage before the age of 18 is another factor which is influencing the different community
beliefs and challenges along with carious issues of health. In this report two projects are done in
context to these two social and health care factors, For the analysis and evaluation of trans-
culture beliefs , prospectives, challenges and suggestion in context to these factors.
MAIN BODY
PROJECT 1
Discussion on religious beliefs of vaccination among diverse community along with some
exaples
Vacination is one of the most important health care practice or care procdure, whihc is
consider as the key mode of the healthy population achievments, this is in health care system
from the 20th century whihc helps to deal with the infection and viral dieases. And save the
population acroos the world (Fioravanti, and et. al., (2018). Although at the bisning in 20th
century vaccination was highly refuced. There are the divers prospectives of the communities
and socities in context to the vacination whihc contribute in the vaccination refules issues and
challenges.
Religious prospectives and vaccine objections
Some religios belief system of the cummunities and socity are casusing the devlopment of
alternative perspectives towards the vaccination, these reigious issues and objections of the
vaccination is generally based on the morals and ethics of the peoples whihc dwevlop the ethical
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dilemmas in context to the vacination. Such as the application of human tissues or cells to devlop
vaccines and the trust of the peoples that body is agitated, should not treat with the chemical,
blood or tissue of the animal becasue this can healed with the natural means. For example
Catholic church understand the valuses of vaccination and its importance for the human welfare,
they belive that medical interventions should not incorporate the vaccines becasue according to
then that is unecessary (Kislali, Kavaratzis, & Saren, (2020). Such as the current situation of
COVID-19 infection thier are the various religious bilfes whihc are not excapting the COVID
vaccination, muslimes culture within the Asia is devloping the vacination barriers with thier
belife that everything is can be good by the prayer and relisious activities. Reumers on the
vacination impact is also effecting the population behaviour towards the vacination and they
refuse to take vaccines. In the past practices of the vacination such In 2005 measles outbreake
is occured among the peoples of religious community how refuced the vaccination.
Vaccination on the basis of health care
The devloping contories health care organisation and profections prospective of
vacination is prevention of the infection and management of the effective people well-binge and
health. By assuring that each and evrey child is vacinated for infectius diesase, whihc can
contribute in to the health population. At prsent in context to the COVID vacination thier are the
various cultural and mistrust issues whihc have to be address with relvent evidence and
education (Bardon, (2019).
Suspicion and Mistrust of Vaccines
In context to the vaccination another most impacting prospective of the social culture
and communis is reled to the diffrent scial factors whihc casue mistrust. Questions and mistrust
is common in servral communities of the United states and internationally. Such as the reacism
in the medical and Amriocan distrust of the medical is also incuding the vaccination. Mostly the
mistrust of the vaccines are related to the Western plot theories, becasue according to these
theopries vaccination is the strategy of infacting non wester communities. Over the past 20 years
mistrust is increasing along with the infection and vaccines. For exmple in Cameroon in 1990,
the immunization effortes and childhood vaccination was consider as the strategies of women
strelizaion (Elsdon-Baker, & Lightman, (2020). Similar to this the tetanus immunization was
also refuced or obligated in the Tanzania at mid 1990s with the rumors of sterlization. And due
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to these mistrust and rumors in 2005 measles vaccine refuced and lead to the increased
infection, with decrased vaccination rate in nigaeria.
Another explae of the cutrula propective of poples about the vaccination is mistruct of
the Africans regarding the polio vaccine. Such as in 1999 Journalist, Edwarde Hooper wrote that
the polio vacination is the sprading the AIDS, becasue on the basis of that witter vaccine is made
up of chimpanzees in cells whihc is alredy infected by the HIV. Within the time that remor was
solved with the scinetsts and medical evidence of discounting Hoopers ideas (Taylor, (2019).
From the starting of the vaccination and at the present religious and political objection by
the Muslim fundamentalists is the main reason or factor of the mistrust about the vaccination.
Such as in the Nigeria, India and Afghanistan, Muslims are calling vaccination of the polio as
the strategies of sterilize from the side of Americans, they think that they are trying to avert
Allah's will. At present situation of the COVID-19 infection Muslim religious beliefs are major
issues and barriers of the infection control and vaccination (Majid, & Ahmad, (2020).
Discussion on the suggestion to overcome vaccination issues among diverse community along
with specific evidence
In context to the managment and solution of current vacination issues and negtive cultural
prospective of peoples about the vaccination. There are the need of various management and
educational activities which can imporve the peoples thinking and bilifes about the vaccination.
Below are some examples of the vaccination issues management and prvention.
Multidisciplinary approaches for development of trust- In context to the development of
public trust about the vaccination and to reduce the level of mistrust from the communities,
government and health and social care organisation have to use all possible approaches of trust
development. Such as benefits of the vaccination in context to the individuals and society should
be explain to the public with the aid of different channels of the medical services for example,
primary, epidemiology, microbiology and public health.
Awareness and education regrading infection and vaccination- In order to improve the
public behaviour regarding vaccination and numbers of the vaccination, peoples have to be
educated and aware about the infectious disease , they should that who to prevent the infection
thorough vaccination. This should done with the clear explanation of the vaccination mechanism
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of action and safety profile. For that application of the multiple communication channel's is can
be use, such as the social media, TV, sociologist, journals, celebrities, bloggers etc.
Increase the importance of immunization - That is important make people aware about
the immunization and how its impact the health of individual and their family. Such as they
should now about that what vaccination do and how it increase the immunity of peoples in order
to protected them from the specific virus (Carrion, (2018).
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PROJECT 2
Child marriage refers to formal marriage or informal union where marriage between children and
having age less than fixed age which is made by the country. Here, in Singapore, there should be
minimum age for getting marriage is 18 years for Muslim females and males. When the girl is
below 18 and has attended age of puberty, then marriage can be authorized by Kadi. Singapore
have various community and having population density, education level, ethnicity and religious
affiliation. Singapore have a multicultural country along with ethnicity where Chinese are about
76 %, Indian about 7.4 %, and Malay approximately 15% within country. Here, males are
recognized as indigenous community. Singapore have various category based on ethnic group
which includes Indian, Malays, Chinese and others. Every category and community have their
own rules and regulations for child marriage. Child marriage is also one of the perception to
make family broad and demonstrate in Singapore (Tang, 2018). There is a rule that there should
not be any child marriage below age of 18 but can be preference is provided to the female when
she has reached to her puberty. In Singapore, there is need to obtain consent from parents or
guardian for marrying before 21 year. There is also need to complete a mandatory marriage
profession program before marry. In this country, there are Indian, Malays, Chinese and others
community which comprises of Singapore population.
Indian communities have some perceptions and belief regarding child marriage. There is
a belief that child marriage is a cultural practice and they need to respect this culture. To
continue this culture, there is child marriage which is the matter of education, where education
and economic opportunity can lead to create better understanding between the community and
help to provide better information and knowledge regarding health and safety. There is a belief
that girls should be married to man either child or young age to run family effectively and to
protect ethical concern which is regarding community and culture. There is also a believe that
girl should marry in their childhood which can impact their family. There is a tradition that girls
should marry in the early is to avoid for the problem which is related to community and society.
There are many factor that can influence child marriage this include family honor, religious law,
social norms, protection and many more (Kahsay, 2019).
It has been seen that girls refers to a part of family honour where there is need for
protection and ensure that there should not be any type of harm to their daughter. In such
scenario, there is the implementation of process of child marriage which can help to avoid family
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honour and help in protection through marriage. This can help to provide safety and the
following of religious law which is highly effective and helpful in following social norms.
There are various legislation which has been framed to avoid child marriage and to
practice healthy age marriage which is according to law and help to practice in every community
for every sex, gender, community. There should not be violation of right of people regarding
getting married and there is a need to focus on transcultural belief in such a way that superstition
should not impact any individual. This and can help to practice healthy transcultural belief and to
avoid child marriage regarding various ethnicity is within the country.
There are various type of problem is concerned with child marriage like poverty, lack of
education, proper maturity, healthy future and many more. Poverty is one of the main factor
which lead to creating impact on a healthy lifestyle. Due to poverty, many people like to
marriage their son or daughter in their childhood. This is for saving money and getting concern
about religious belief but there is need to get knowledge and should focus on their better future
by providing them better education which can help them to be a good person with working. This
can help to making their future better by earning money and providing better security to their
family (Bleidorn, and et. al., 2021).
Early marriage can create various difficulties in future which is in maintaining family
balance and securing the future with effectiveness. There should not be child marriage because
during childhood, children are not aware about their future and due to which they are not able to
live their life with better standard and quality. This impact then and lead to poverty with little
education. This creates negatively impact on their life and their life standard.
Malays have a dual legal system where the minimum age for marriage depends upon
Islamic law or civil law. There is a cultural believe that child marriage in the early can let them
to understand family and able to manage their family. Children should get understanding about
the life and they should take care of their household and thier family. There is a perception that
children can manage their family after age of 12 and they can make their family live with better
quality. There is the perception that girls are too wild and they are not under control and child
marriage provide a solution for the barrier and to protect them to getting more wild. This is a
poor community where girls make very sacrifices to getting married and to ensure family
economic survival. Such type of religious belief and perceptions lead to create child marriage
within country (Daneshkhah, and et. al., 2017).
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There is need to provide better education and understanding about the nature and
behaviour of girl which can help people to understand about nature and provide them some idea
and understanding about behaving. Providing education to their children which can help them to
understand about better behave and being social. This can help to live effectively and allowed to
marriage when they are ready after the puberty age. This is highly associated with better quality
of life with better standards (Huiracocha, and et. al., 2017).
Chinese community have a tradition that is based on the principle of confucion ideology.
There should be many generations under one roof. This creates the ideology of child marriage
and leads to an impact the social norm. This has became the social belief between communities
where child marriage is highly necessary and to focus to keep more generations under one roof.
This tradition should be improved and ideologies should be changed effectively without hurting
any people sentiment. There is need to provide them an education that can help to avoid child
marriage. This ideology should be changed and for this education and awareness can play
important role. This can also help to protect form child marriage to provide better lifestyle with
better quality of life (Lefevor, and et. al., 2020).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that there are many perception and
religious believe that can lead to influence individuals to follow society norm religious belief
regarding child marriage. There are various ideology and believes which influence people to
focus on child marriage to avoid various problem and follow the cultural values which is
associate with their community to make them alive with better effect. In this, there is discussion
about various type of beliefs and perceptions which can lead to creating child marriage. There is
also discussion about various perceptions of diverse communities which is regarding vaccination.
This provide the diverse perception of the community along with religious belief which is related
with address vaccination issues. in health care and nursing the cultural social prospective of the
peoples about the vaccination is increasing the complication for the nurses and professionals.
and in order to overcome all that they have to implement. multidisciplinary approaches for
development of trust, awareness and education regrading infection and vaccination, increase the
importance of immunization .
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Stephen, J. M. (2021). Pediatric Nurses’ Experiences in Caring for Non–English Speaking
Patients and Families. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 1043659620986607.
Fioravanti, M. A., and et. al., (2018). Creative learning through the use of simulation to teach
nursing students screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for alcohol and
other drug use in a culturally competent manner. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(4),
387-394.
Kislali, H., Kavaratzis, M., & Saren, M. (2020). Destination image formation: Towards a
holistic approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(2), 266-276.
Bardon, A. (2019). The truth about denial: Bias and self-deception in science, politics, and
religion. Oxford University Press.
Elsdon-Baker, F., & Lightman, B. (Eds.). (2020). Identity in a Secular Age: Science, Religion,
and Public Perceptions. University of Pittsburgh Press.
Taylor, S. (2019). The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of
infectious disease. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Majid, U., & Ahmad, M. (2020). The factors that promote vaccine hesitancy, rejection, or delay
in parents. Qualitative Health Research, 30(11), 1762-1776.
Carrion, M. L. (2018). An ounce of prevention: identifying cues to (in) action for maternal
vaccine refusal. Qualitative health research, 28(14), 2183-2194.
Bleidorn, and et. al., 2021. Charting self‐esteem during marital dissolution. Journal of
personality, 89(1), pp.9-22.
Daneshkhah, and et. al., 2017. Sexual function, mental well-being and quality of life among
Kurdish circumcised women in Iran. Iranian journal of public health, 46(9), p.1265.
Huiracocha, and et. al., 2017. Parenting children with Down syndrome: Societal
influences. Journal of Child Health Care, 21(4), pp.488-497.
Kahsay, 2019. Pregnant Women’s intentions to deliver at a health Facility in the Pastoralist
Communities of Afar, Ethiopia: an application of the health belief model. International
journal of environmental research and public health, 16(5), p.888.
Lefevor, and et. al., 2020. Same-sex attracted, not LGBQ: The associations of sexual identity
labeling on religiousness, sexuality, and health among Mormons. Journal of
Homosexuality, 67(7), pp.940-964.
Tang, 2018. Qualitative study on Chinese students’ perception of US university life. Journal of
International Students, 8(1), pp.151-178.
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