Communication, Conflict, and Negotiation Literature Review

This literature review delves into the critical areas of communication, conflict, and negotiation within organizations. The review begins by exploring the importance of effective communication in fostering a positive work environment, enhancing employee engagement, and facilitating better management practices. It then examines the impact of workplace conflicts, including interpersonal disagreements, poor communication, and inadequate training, on employee productivity and organizational goals. The review emphasizes the role of negotiation as a key strategy for managing and resolving conflicts. The study then discusses the organizational culture, diversity and its impact on workplace dynamics, highlighting the need for strategies to mitigate the negative effects of conflict and promote a harmonious work environment. The review concludes by identifying research gaps and posing a research question to address the ongoing challenges organizations face in overcoming workplace conflicts despite existing measures. The review provides insights into the impact of communication, conflict, and negotiation on organizational performance and suggests strategies for fostering a more productive and collaborative workplace.

Literature Review
Research Topic:
Communication, Conflict and Negotiation in Organisations.
Research Question:
Why are organisations still facing problems to overcome workplace conflicts despite having
appropriate measures in place to overcome the situations?

Table of contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................1
Impact of Communication in the Organization..............................................................1
Impact of Conflicts in the Organization.........................................................................3
Negotiation in Organization...........................................................................................4
Discussion of Conflict Based on Research Question.....................................................6
Research Gap.................................................................................................................7
Conclusion......................................................................................................................8
Bibliography...................................................................................................................9

Introduction
This review based on the three essential things used in the organization. The two essential
things are communication and conflicts. Among all these things, communication is one of the
best things that used in the business and it makes the business easier. The communication is
an effective way of doing business and gain more profits. With the help of the
communication, the managers and employees can easily communicate with each other and
they can manage the overall business strategy in the market. The communication process may
increase flexibility in the business environment and employees can work with a proper
comfortable environment. Conflicts are also include as a main aspect used to run a business.
There are various conflicts arise in the organization among managers, employees and the
common people (Král & Králová, 2016). Conflicts occur due to the different ideas used in the
business context. These conflicts provide many problems to the business and affect the
overall work in the organization. This review includes the brief introduction of these three
aspects used in the business. The effective communication gives various advantages to the
business but the conflicts can create many barriers in effective communication and affect the
overall process of the business. There are different types of communication that is electronic
communication and verbal communication (Ngozi & Ifeoma, 2015). The organizational
managers need to know about the whole concept related with the communication and
conflicts in the business so that they can easily manage these three aspects of the business.
This information gives various information regarding the various process of the business and
increase flexibility in the business. This review includes a discussion of these three aspects of
the business.
The research problem related to the analyzing of the organizational culture and several
conflicts in the business.
Research objectives of the report discussed below-
 To analyze the importance of culture in the organization
 To determine the conflicts management in the business
 To determine the importance of the cultural communication and conflicts
management in the business
Research questions
Q1. What is the process of making communication effective in the organization?
Q2. How to analyse the importance of communication in the organizational culture?
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Q3. What is the purpose of the conflict management in the business?
Organizational communication and culture.
According to Garicano and Wu (2012), communication is very essential in the organization
as it helps in maintaining the relationship with the employees. Communication is the
exchange of the information in which flow of message transferred at the different level so
that the communication can be build up. For the effective functioning and increasing
productivity, communication is very essential. The productivity, morality and commitments
can be fulfilling with the healthy ‘communication. Communication in the organization is
important for the managers and the employees so that the basic functions of the company
fulfilled. Communication also helps in performing the function of the management of the
company effectively.
In addition to the above, review of author is analyzed that if there was a lack of
communication in the organization or if there is improper communication between the
employees and the other members of the team then it creates the conflicts. Due to miss-
communication and not proper understanding between the employee’s conflicts arises in the
organization and leads to decline in productivity.
Good communication at the working place is very essential as it provides information about
the needs, values, opinion, perceptions of the employees. The good communication improves
the overall culture of an organization. The good culture of the organization is maintain by the
proper communication in the organization. The culture gives a proper identity to the
organization and makes the communication proper. The communication is one of the
important factor as to makes the employee comfortable in the culture of the business.
Communication helps in serving the high quality of the product and services. Communication
helps in building the trust among the employees and increases the employee engagement. The
employees of the company are getting the higher level of the satisfaction and morality
increases due to the effective communication. The good strategy and plan are also building
up through the proper communication. The relationship with the customers is also build up by
connecting with them so communication helps in customer retention (Widhiastuti, 2012).
Communication helps in directing and controlling the functions well. To remove the conflicts
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and to mitigate them communication is essential as it helps in maintain the good working
place. Good communication is very essential at the working place as it helps in maintain the
relationship with the others, increases the profitability, helps in making the team effective and
ensures employee engagement, team effectiveness, profitability, etc.
According to the Rajhans (2012), the communication plays the major role in the organization
as it helps in dealing with the staff, arranging the meetings and deals with the clients,
suppliers and the other business. Effective business communication increases the productivity
of the company and increases the bottom line. Poor communication in the organization break
down the relationship as people does not take any interest in interacting with other. The
customer’s base of the company also grows up with the good communication. It helps in
dealing with the external contacts and the business suppliers, so it also helps in improving the
business relationship. Effective communication develops the reputation for the company and
helps in facilitating the business innovations. The communication and the organization
culture are interrelated with each other as the communication maintains the culture and
culture maintains the communication in the business. As per the information, it has been
analyzed that the communication between management and the employees makes an
effective work culture in the business process. By the proper culture and communication,
employees have the liberty to share al the problems related to the business. By the proper
communication in the organization, all the issues and conflicts from the culture is reduced.
The overall process of the culture is affected by the organizational communication and it
creates many differences in the organization. The overall process of the communication
impact the overall culture of the organization and it create many problems in the workplace.
The effective communication is responsible for maintain the organizational culture in an
effective way. The communication hierarchy is very effective in the organization, the
hierarchical communication shows the process of communication among each category of the
organization, and it affects the organization culture. The organization culture hierarchy shows
the different corporate levels and structures. The various levels of importance is shown in this
hierarchy of organization culture.
Organizational diversity environment
According to the Gilin, et al. (2015), conflicts are the part of the organization, which creates
the discord in achieving the goals and the objectives of the company. The diversity is also
included in the conflicts process of the organization. The diversity of the environment is
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affected while the environment is not supportive to the employees. There are the several
types of the conflicts arises in the organization as per the reviews of the author. There can be
interpersonal conflicts, it can be individual or it can be inter organizational. There are the
several reason behinds the conflicts in the organization such as poor communication,
inadequate training, poor work environment, poor communication, unfair treatment, etc. The
diversity is the part of the business, which manages the conflicts, arises in the environment of
the business. The diversity is used to maintain the environment of the business and overcome
the challenges occurs in the organization culture. The management of diversity is very
important in the organization as this can make the several changes in the organization. The
conflicts in the organization arise due to the different needs, values and interest making the
employees at the working place. Due to the conflicts, the productivity of the organization gets
decline and it results in declining the profit as per the author. Conflicts arise due to the
miscommunication or misunderstanding between the employers and the employer (Currie, et
al., 2017). If there was the lack of planning and not the effective coordination and control
then it results in conflicts among the employees. Conflicts also arise in the organization due
to the poor staff selection, as they do not understand the work properly and created
unnecessary conflicts among the employees. When any level of the stress increases then also
employee’s disputes and conflicts with each other increases as they are not satisfied with the
working environment. Due to the stress and the burnout at the working place conflicts also
lead in the organization.
According to the Weingart, et al. (2014), Conflicts also arises in the organization sue to the
increasing competition as it creates the market more competitive. Due to the limited and
insufficient resources the conflicts arise which is the major issue of conflict as per the author.
The major cause of the conflicts as per the author is the lack of communication between the
different levels of departments. It also arises due to the incapability of the goals and due to
the barrier of the goal achievement. In further addition to the above review, it is determined
that, conflicts arises in the organization then it also has to solution to resolve it. By providing
the proper training to the employees, the conflicts can be resolved. It can also be resolved by
building the effective communication. The managing of diversity gives several advantages to
the organization and it creates the value of the business in the market. as the organizational
diversity includes various differences occurs among the various individuals of the
organization. The diversity in the workplace provide several benefits and reduce the
challenges occurs in the organization. By the diversity, the employees from different
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backgrounds create new ideas and perspectives. The demographics can better understand by
the diverse workplace. The organization culture can maintain the diverse workplace and
create several challenges in the organization. By developing the positive working
environment in the company and developing the good relationship with the employees. By
implementing the effectual plans and activities, the conflicts removed from the organization.
Communication and the conflicts have the great influence on the performance of the
organization as good communication increases the productivity and increasing conflicts
decline the profitability of the company as per the author. The focus on the goals and the
outcomes gets decline due to the increasing conflicts.
The conflicts in the organization arise when the opinion of the different members in the group
does not match. People generally in the organization disputes due to the improper
communication and it led in declining the productivity of the company. Sometimes people get
frustrated with the working environment, so they do not give their best productivity and in
frustration, they get disputes with the other members too. Every member in the organization
plays the essential role on achieving the goals (Zayas-Ortiz, et al., 2015). However, if some
person has some different goals about the company then it also creates conflicts among the
employees. If the organization put any kind of the barrier or restrictions on the employees in
terms of their freedom or flexibility then also conflicts arises between the employees and the
organization as per the author.
According to the Robbins and Judge (2012), the main reason of the conflicts among the
parties is the expectation and the personality of the people. When the expectation of the
employees is much higher in terms of the salary but organization wants the higher
productivity and skills then the conflicts arise. Sometimes the conflicts also arise due to the
lack of information, stress and pressure in the environment, personal differences, etc.
As per the Bendersky and Hays (2012), communication is also important for any organization
to increase the sales of the company as it helps in contacting and maintains the relationship
with them. The strategies and the plans in the company created and implemented with the
help of the proper communication. The brand name of the company maintained through the
effective communication. The problem of conflicts solved through the communication. The
negotiating with the other parties a
nd the settle down of the payment is done with the help of the effective communication.
Better understanding is built up and the effective coordination is maintained.
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Discussion of Conflict Based on Research Question
The research question of this research based on the problems to overcome the workplace
conflicts and to maintain the diversity in the environment. As per the De Wit, et al. (2012), it
has been determined that there are various problems arises at the workplace which create
several conflicts in the business. The conflicts create problems in running a business and
mismanage all the work in the business. For managing the conflicts in the business, it is
important to manage the diversity in the environment of the business. The diversity includes
the capability to remove the several conflicts that affect the overall business. It is necessary
for the organization to manage the conflicts arises in the business. This management
improves the overall performance of the business and helps to increase the profitability in the
business. The answer of this particular research question needs to be reviewed to discussing
the various aspects of the business. The whole business environment affected due to the
conflicts created in the business organization. These conflicts created due to the lack of
communication and the differences in the ideas and beliefs used in the business process. The
business needs to overcome the situation of the conflicts that created many differences in the
organization.
According to the Mayer and Louw (2012), these conflicts decrease the overall growth of the
business and it create many problems in the betterment of the business. The management of
conflicts is necessary in the organization to improve the overall performance of the
organization and helps to move forward in the market. Communication is also a solution to
resolve the conflicts arises in the organization and due to the effective communication; the
members of the business can solve their issues at their own level. The cross- cultural
communication is also beneficial for the organization as it gives various opportunities to the
business and makes them aware regarding the various culture of the business (Helms &
Oliver, 2015). However, there are several barriers in the cross-cultural communication, which
are semantic, differences in perceptions, tonal differences and word connotations. These
differences make the cross-cultural communication ineffective and to create many conflicts in
the business organization.
Conflicts are main components in the business. As for many of the conditions, several times
conflicts can arise among partners, groups, managers and employees. Conflicts can affect the
overall performance of the organization and affects the growth of the organization (Lauring
& Selmer, 2012). Conflicts may be decreased with the help of negotiation as negotiation
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provides some solutions for the particular problems related to the business. Conflict occurs
several times in the business but mainly it occurs when deviation exist in the social situation.
In the study of the organizational behavior, the conflict management is a necessary part in the
overall study of the organizational behavior. The diversity in the environment is the best way
to manage the conflicts in the organization and these conflicts create many types of
mismanagement in the organization. The workplace diversity is all about the respect of the
employees. The mutual respect among the employees is increased by the diversity. The
organization increased their economic empowerment of the workers and it reduces the
conflicts from the business. Conflicts give several bad effects on the individual performance
and decrease the overall growth of the organization. In the present days, the environment
conflicts are one of the main conflicts in the organization that affects the overall growth in the
market (Bradley, et al., 2012). The employees get frustrated with the conflicts created in the
business and this affect the overall growth of the organizations. The conflicts many be
perceived among two parties of the business and both the parties need proper clarification
regarding the issue of the conflicts. Conflicts create the big differences among the employees
and interpret the several facts and issues. In fact, the Groves, et al., (2015), Conflicts can
increase in the organization, which are transitional view, behavioral view and human
relations among the employees by various process. Conflicts can occur in the business
environment due to many causes like communication barriers, ambiguous jurisdiction, goal
incompatibility and dependence of one party to another. The different behavior of the
different persons creates many problems in the overall business. There are several types of
conflicts occur in the organization which are Intra-personal conflict, Inter-personal conflict
and many more (Joseph P, et al., 2018). All of these conflicts related with one another and it
all affects the performance of the organization in the business market. Conflicts can occur in
the business by a proper process. The organization needs to manage the conflicts by the
process of communication or negotiation that easily resolves the conflicts. As per the views
of Sert and Jacknick (2015), the communication is the best way to resolve the conflicts
because it creates several perceptions among the employees and customers in the
organization. The negotiation related with the particular solution of the conflicts, which can
affect the overall performance of the employees as well as organization. Negotiation is a
process that provides the proper solution of the conflicts and increases the performance of the
business in the market.
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Research Gap
In this literature review, the research gap is very large and for this particular topic, the further
research is needed to understand the communication, culture and conflicts in the organization.
This gap is fulfilled by doing the further research on the particular topic.
According to the Zhu Hua (2015), in every organization the hierarchy is followed in which
the information is passed through the higher level to the lower level. Therefore, the
communication should be effective so that exchange of the ideas can be done. Good decision-
making goes through the effective communication as it while taking any decision the opinion
and the ideas of other employees are taken. Effective communication and working place help
in maintain the consistency of the workflow. In the organization to make, some control over
the employees is essential so it can be done with the help of the effective communication.
The communication is responsible to maintain the culture of the organization and implement
various advantages in the business. The culture and communication are closely related to
each other and increase the value of the communication in the business. The Culture is
greatly affected by the communication process in the business. The culture becomes proper
by the communication among the employees and managers. The culture can be developed
with the help of rules and regulations in the business. All of the organization needs proper
culture and communication to increase the growth in the market.
Conclusion
The communication and conflicts are occurred in the organization has been discussed in this
literature report. The relationship between culture and communication is described in this
report. As the culture and communication are very important parts of the business. The
communication is very effective in the overall process of the business and it creates conflicts
in the business. The culture is greatly affected by the communication. The conflicts are the
disagreement and disputes among the various people of the organization. These conflicts
solved with the help of the maintaining of diversity in the business. The culture and
communication are two important aspects of the business. The conflicts are also included
with the process of maintaining diversity in the environment. Organization has different
cultures and they need to manage all the cultures and communication process among the
employees. The diversity of the environment is also included in this report and this process
describe about the various process in the organization. The organization improved their
process by using the diversity in the organizational environment and by maintaining culture
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in the overall business. The process is very different from the other business process as the
culture and communication are interrelated with each other and the communication increases
the employee motivation and increases their dedication towards the working process and
increase the profitability of the business.
This review of the report discussed about the several issues related with the communication,
conflicts and culture of the organization. The effective communication, various types of
conflicts and maintain the culture of the organization described in the above report. This
report gives the brief description regarding the conflicts arises among the employees and
other organizational members. Communication, conflicts and culture in an organization plays
the essential role as per the author (Akerlind, 2012). When conflicts arise, communication is
the best way to resolve the problem as per the author. In organization conflicts arises due to
miscommunication or due to negligence of the work. Communication helps in resolving the
matters by taking some serious actions
Methodological Issues
In preparing the above literature review, various methodological considerations arise which
shows the particular result of the literature review. There is a secondary data collection
approach is used in this research which gives the various information related to the conflicts
and communication in the organization. The data collection collect the data related to the
communication and culture of the organization. The secondary data collection method is one
of the best methods that used in the research and this gives the actual information related to
the particular topic of the research. The methodological approach plays an important role in
the literature review as it gives the various information given by the different authors
(Bergold and Thomas, 2012). The secondary data collection is seems most relevant to the
topic. The methods of the research include the data collection methods and designing process.
The design of this research report is quantitative method, which includes the numerical data
as per the topic. The quantitative method of research is more appropriate for this review. This
gives the correct information related with the research topic. This literature review based on
the secondary data collection so there are no ethical considerations occurred in the research
process (Erickson, 2012). The ethical considerations also affect the quality of the research so
the quality maintained without any ethical issues. The methods of this research report
includes the overall process of the secondary data. The literature review based on the
conflicts and the organizational communication that based on the overall culture of the
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