This research article investigates the differences in the population structure of Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), in two Australian states: Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA). The study compares isolates from 2008 to 2012 using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to analyze MLST, FetA, and BAST profiles. The findings reveal significant differences in clonal complex distribution, with certain complexes unique to each state. While serogroup B predominated in both jurisdictions, the study highlights variations in the predominant ST within the shared clonal complex 41/44. Furthermore, the research indicates that the antigenic structure of meningococci differs significantly between the two states, potentially affecting vaccine effectiveness. The estimated vaccine coverage in WA was significantly lower than in VIC. The study emphasizes the need for representative surveillance when predicting the impact of meningococcal B vaccines. The research underscores the importance of considering geographical variations in meningococcal populations for effective vaccine strategies.
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