Exploring Neoliberalism's Impact on Tanzanian Youth Migration
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Thesis and Dissertation
AI Summary
This dissertation investigates the complex relationship between neoliberalism and rural-to-urban migration among Tanzanian youth. It begins by establishing the historical context of neoliberal policies in Tanzania and their effects on the economy and society. The study aims to identify the neoliberal theory that best explains this migration pattern, exploring the influence of various factors, including economic opportunities, social dynamics, and educational disparities. The research delves into the perspectives of key neoliberal thinkers like David Harvey and Graham Harrison. The methodology employs a descriptive design, utilizing secondary data to analyze the issue. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both rural and urban life for Tanzanian youth. The findings are presented through thematic analysis, highlighting the primary neoliberal theory explaining the migration and the impacts of this movement. The dissertation concludes with suggestions for further research and a critical assessment of the phenomenon.
Running head: WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN
MIGRATION AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Which neoliberal theory best explains rural to urban migration among Tanzanian youth
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note
MIGRATION AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Which neoliberal theory best explains rural to urban migration among Tanzanian youth
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note
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1WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Acknowledgement
Sincere and heartfelt thanks to all of those who have helped, motivated and encouraged me for
conducting this study. I am indebted to my supervisor ……………………. whose guidance,
advice and patience have been immeasurable. My sincere thanks to all members of the …
[Mention your university/college name], both staff and students, whose continuous support have
made this thesis possible.
I would like to thank the participants in the study: students, teachers and Local Education
Authorities, for the time and help given throughout. Without their participation, this research
would not have been possible. In this context, I am also thankful to them, whose research work
helped me to execute this paper well.
Finally, I thank my family, for whose mental support has helped me to complete this research
paper. Thank you
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Acknowledgement
Sincere and heartfelt thanks to all of those who have helped, motivated and encouraged me for
conducting this study. I am indebted to my supervisor ……………………. whose guidance,
advice and patience have been immeasurable. My sincere thanks to all members of the …
[Mention your university/college name], both staff and students, whose continuous support have
made this thesis possible.
I would like to thank the participants in the study: students, teachers and Local Education
Authorities, for the time and help given throughout. Without their participation, this research
would not have been possible. In this context, I am also thankful to them, whose research work
helped me to execute this paper well.
Finally, I thank my family, for whose mental support has helped me to complete this research
paper. Thank you
2WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Abstract
The foundation of neoliberalism effecting migration of youth from rural to urban settlement
represents itself as a doctrine based on a reality of modern economics. The explanation of the
ideology of neoliberalism and modern economics dates back to the work of Sir Adam Smith, in
his book ‘The Wealth of Nations’. The primary criticism of Adam Smith’s work has been
criticised on the point that the ‘wealth of the nation’ is not derived from the aggregation of
wealth of the country but from the growth and development of the labour force of the nation. The
mid 1980s in Tanzania have seen a shift from socialist developmentalism to neoliberalism by
freeing their markets and privatising existing government undertakings on the advice of the
World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The structure that has developed is partly
public and partly privatized (Schroeder 2008). Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the first President of
Tanzania, a staunch socialist stepped down from his position in 1985, his gesture gave way to the
new storm of neoliberalism and privatization. The effects of the transition were felt at the
economic, political and social level. There was increased involvement of NGOs along with an
increase in crime rates and corruption. The pitiful condition of majority of the under-developed
nations in Africa can be attributed to the wasteful and inefficient allocation of resources on the
part of the government. The paper strives to find out the best neoliberal theory that best describes
the rural to urban migration of youth in Tanzania. In addition, it also strives to find out and
discuss the most crucial aspects that instigate and influence youth migration from rural to urban
settlement in the country.
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Abstract
The foundation of neoliberalism effecting migration of youth from rural to urban settlement
represents itself as a doctrine based on a reality of modern economics. The explanation of the
ideology of neoliberalism and modern economics dates back to the work of Sir Adam Smith, in
his book ‘The Wealth of Nations’. The primary criticism of Adam Smith’s work has been
criticised on the point that the ‘wealth of the nation’ is not derived from the aggregation of
wealth of the country but from the growth and development of the labour force of the nation. The
mid 1980s in Tanzania have seen a shift from socialist developmentalism to neoliberalism by
freeing their markets and privatising existing government undertakings on the advice of the
World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The structure that has developed is partly
public and partly privatized (Schroeder 2008). Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the first President of
Tanzania, a staunch socialist stepped down from his position in 1985, his gesture gave way to the
new storm of neoliberalism and privatization. The effects of the transition were felt at the
economic, political and social level. There was increased involvement of NGOs along with an
increase in crime rates and corruption. The pitiful condition of majority of the under-developed
nations in Africa can be attributed to the wasteful and inefficient allocation of resources on the
part of the government. The paper strives to find out the best neoliberal theory that best describes
the rural to urban migration of youth in Tanzania. In addition, it also strives to find out and
discuss the most crucial aspects that instigate and influence youth migration from rural to urban
settlement in the country.
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3WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................7
1.0 Overview................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Problem Statement.................................................................................................................8
1.2 Research Aim.........................................................................................................................9
1.3 Research Objective................................................................................................................9
1.4 Research Question...............................................................................................................10
1.5 Structure of the dissertation.................................................................................................10
1.6 Summary..............................................................................................................................12
Chapter 2: Literature Review.........................................................................................................13
2.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................13
2.1 Neoliberalism as discussed by Graham Harrison................................................................15
2.2 Neoliberalism as discussed by David Harvey.....................................................................15
2.3 Neoliberalism as discussed by Terry Flew..........................................................................16
2.4 Theories in relation to rural to urban migration...................................................................17
2.4.1 Traditional economic model.........................................................................................17
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................7
1.0 Overview................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Problem Statement.................................................................................................................8
1.2 Research Aim.........................................................................................................................9
1.3 Research Objective................................................................................................................9
1.4 Research Question...............................................................................................................10
1.5 Structure of the dissertation.................................................................................................10
1.6 Summary..............................................................................................................................12
Chapter 2: Literature Review.........................................................................................................13
2.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................13
2.1 Neoliberalism as discussed by Graham Harrison................................................................15
2.2 Neoliberalism as discussed by David Harvey.....................................................................15
2.3 Neoliberalism as discussed by Terry Flew..........................................................................16
2.4 Theories in relation to rural to urban migration...................................................................17
2.4.1 Traditional economic model.........................................................................................17
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4WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
2.4.2 Structural model............................................................................................................19
2.4.3 Harris Todaro Model....................................................................................................19
2.4.4 Lewis’s Model of Rural-Urban Migration....................................................................19
2.4.5 The Fei-Ranis Model on Rural-Urban Migration.........................................................20
2.5 Migration of Tanzanian youth and Neoliberalism...............................................................21
2.6 Factors influencing Tanzania Youths to migrate.................................................................22
2.6.1 Economic Factors.........................................................................................................22
2.6.2 Social Factors................................................................................................................24
2.6.3 Poor Educational Facilities...........................................................................................25
2.6.4 Demographic Factors....................................................................................................25
2.6.5 Other Factors................................................................................................................26
2.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Rural and Urban life in Tanzania.....................................26
2.7.1 Advantage and Disadvantages of Rural life in Tanzania..............................................26
2.7.2 Advantage and Disadvantages of Urban life in Tanzania............................................27
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................29
3.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................29
3.1 Research Outline..................................................................................................................29
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
2.4.2 Structural model............................................................................................................19
2.4.3 Harris Todaro Model....................................................................................................19
2.4.4 Lewis’s Model of Rural-Urban Migration....................................................................19
2.4.5 The Fei-Ranis Model on Rural-Urban Migration.........................................................20
2.5 Migration of Tanzanian youth and Neoliberalism...............................................................21
2.6 Factors influencing Tanzania Youths to migrate.................................................................22
2.6.1 Economic Factors.........................................................................................................22
2.6.2 Social Factors................................................................................................................24
2.6.3 Poor Educational Facilities...........................................................................................25
2.6.4 Demographic Factors....................................................................................................25
2.6.5 Other Factors................................................................................................................26
2.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Rural and Urban life in Tanzania.....................................26
2.7.1 Advantage and Disadvantages of Rural life in Tanzania..............................................26
2.7.2 Advantage and Disadvantages of Urban life in Tanzania............................................27
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................29
3.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................29
3.1 Research Outline..................................................................................................................29
5WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
3.2 Research Philosophy............................................................................................................30
3.2.1 Reasons for Choosing Interpretivism...........................................................................30
3.3 Research Approach..............................................................................................................30
3.3.1 Reasons for Choosing Deductive method.....................................................................31
3.4 Research Design..................................................................................................................31
3.4.1 Reasons for Choosing Descriptive design....................................................................32
3.5 Research Strategy................................................................................................................32
3.5.1 Reasons for Choosing Case study method....................................................................33
3.6 Data Collection process.......................................................................................................33
3.6.1 Reasons for Choosing Secondary data collection process............................................33
3.7 Data Analysis Process..........................................................................................................34
3.7.1 Reasons for Choosing Qualitative data analysis process..............................................34
3.8 Research Ethics....................................................................................................................35
3.9 Accessibility Issues..............................................................................................................35
3.10 Summary............................................................................................................................36
Chapter 4: Thematic Analysis of the Findings..............................................................................37
4.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................37
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
3.2 Research Philosophy............................................................................................................30
3.2.1 Reasons for Choosing Interpretivism...........................................................................30
3.3 Research Approach..............................................................................................................30
3.3.1 Reasons for Choosing Deductive method.....................................................................31
3.4 Research Design..................................................................................................................31
3.4.1 Reasons for Choosing Descriptive design....................................................................32
3.5 Research Strategy................................................................................................................32
3.5.1 Reasons for Choosing Case study method....................................................................33
3.6 Data Collection process.......................................................................................................33
3.6.1 Reasons for Choosing Secondary data collection process............................................33
3.7 Data Analysis Process..........................................................................................................34
3.7.1 Reasons for Choosing Qualitative data analysis process..............................................34
3.8 Research Ethics....................................................................................................................35
3.9 Accessibility Issues..............................................................................................................35
3.10 Summary............................................................................................................................36
Chapter 4: Thematic Analysis of the Findings..............................................................................37
4.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................37
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6WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
4.1 Theme 1: Neoliberal theory that best explains rural to urban youth migration...................37
4.2 Theme 2: Impact of rural to urban youth migration............................................................40
Chapter 5: Conclusion...................................................................................................................43
5.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................43
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................43
5.2 Scope for further research....................................................................................................45
List of references...........................................................................................................................46
Appendices....................................................................................................................................52
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
4.1 Theme 1: Neoliberal theory that best explains rural to urban youth migration...................37
4.2 Theme 2: Impact of rural to urban youth migration............................................................40
Chapter 5: Conclusion...................................................................................................................43
5.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................43
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................43
5.2 Scope for further research....................................................................................................45
List of references...........................................................................................................................46
Appendices....................................................................................................................................52
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7WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.0 Overview
The research topic of this dissertation being the migration of Tanzanian youth supported
by a Neoliberal theory, it is important to understand that the basis of the neoliberal rule of
aggregation that is instigating rural to urban migration is inequality in the society. This lays
down challenges for social, political, ecological, cultural and other factors in Tanzania and other
sub-Saharan countries. The foundation of neoliberalism effecting migration of youth from rural
to urban settlement represents itself as a doctrine based on a reality of modern economics. The
explanation of the ideology of neoliberalism and modern economics dates back to the work of
Sir Adam Smith, in his book ‘The Wealth of Nations’. The primary criticism of Adam Smith’s
work has been criticised on the point that the ‘wealth of the nation’ is not derived from the
aggregation of wealth of the country but from the growth and development of the labour force of
the nation. Smith did not discuss about the concept of migration that adds positive as well as
negative effects to the wealth of the nation, along with several other aspects like the social,
political, ecological, cultural aspect of the nation.
Cities are the centre where capital is accumulating and capitalism is flourishing, globally.
Globalization and neoliberalism have been the factor that has been driving the concept of rural to
urban migration in Tanzania. Neoliberalism in the African continent had started with the
implementation of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in early 1980s. The program had
reshaped the state’s role as a guardian of the neoliberal project that attempted to provide a stable
investment environment and a flourished neoliberal market (Connell 2010). Globalization is a
broader and multi-dimensional concept and process than that of the neoliberalism, the link
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.0 Overview
The research topic of this dissertation being the migration of Tanzanian youth supported
by a Neoliberal theory, it is important to understand that the basis of the neoliberal rule of
aggregation that is instigating rural to urban migration is inequality in the society. This lays
down challenges for social, political, ecological, cultural and other factors in Tanzania and other
sub-Saharan countries. The foundation of neoliberalism effecting migration of youth from rural
to urban settlement represents itself as a doctrine based on a reality of modern economics. The
explanation of the ideology of neoliberalism and modern economics dates back to the work of
Sir Adam Smith, in his book ‘The Wealth of Nations’. The primary criticism of Adam Smith’s
work has been criticised on the point that the ‘wealth of the nation’ is not derived from the
aggregation of wealth of the country but from the growth and development of the labour force of
the nation. Smith did not discuss about the concept of migration that adds positive as well as
negative effects to the wealth of the nation, along with several other aspects like the social,
political, ecological, cultural aspect of the nation.
Cities are the centre where capital is accumulating and capitalism is flourishing, globally.
Globalization and neoliberalism have been the factor that has been driving the concept of rural to
urban migration in Tanzania. Neoliberalism in the African continent had started with the
implementation of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in early 1980s. The program had
reshaped the state’s role as a guardian of the neoliberal project that attempted to provide a stable
investment environment and a flourished neoliberal market (Connell 2010). Globalization is a
broader and multi-dimensional concept and process than that of the neoliberalism, the link
8WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
between the two is not straight-forward and simple (Carmody and Owusu 2016). Good
governance for urban planning and settlement has been denoted as the resolution to several social
issues like poverty, illiteracy and different urban ailments. Obeng-Odoom (2016) has established
the connection of urbanization and neoliberalism where it was noted that the current urban
ailment are the cause and effect of severe rural to youth migration, globally.
The cities are at the verge of space saturation for it is facing extreme population
explosion, yet that does not stop the rural population to migrate to the cities, for they promises
better wages and standard of living. The cities are, although, experiencing economic bloom and
prosperity by way of the rapid growth of several informal job roles and sector, however, they are
also facing several inter and intra-urban issues. As per the 2014 World Urbanization Prospects
(United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2014), 64%
of the global population lives in urban areas and it has been projected that the percentage would
increase to 66% by the end of 2050. The urban population strength has seen the growth from 746
million to 3.9 billion, in 1950 to 2014. World’s 90% rural population is housed by African and
Asian countries, is expected to contribute to the global urban settlement growth and development
by 2050 (UN, 2014). The African countries are specially observing phenomenal urbanization as
they have recorded the fastest urban growth than anywhere else globally. Therefore, the UN has
projected in their report that the African continent is expected to be the fastest urban settlement
by 2020 to 2050 (UN, 2014).
1.1 Problem Statement
Neoliberalism and rural and urban migration of youth in Tanzania is inter-connect and
goes beyond the theoretical approach that is discussed by the researchers and scholars. The
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
between the two is not straight-forward and simple (Carmody and Owusu 2016). Good
governance for urban planning and settlement has been denoted as the resolution to several social
issues like poverty, illiteracy and different urban ailments. Obeng-Odoom (2016) has established
the connection of urbanization and neoliberalism where it was noted that the current urban
ailment are the cause and effect of severe rural to youth migration, globally.
The cities are at the verge of space saturation for it is facing extreme population
explosion, yet that does not stop the rural population to migrate to the cities, for they promises
better wages and standard of living. The cities are, although, experiencing economic bloom and
prosperity by way of the rapid growth of several informal job roles and sector, however, they are
also facing several inter and intra-urban issues. As per the 2014 World Urbanization Prospects
(United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2014), 64%
of the global population lives in urban areas and it has been projected that the percentage would
increase to 66% by the end of 2050. The urban population strength has seen the growth from 746
million to 3.9 billion, in 1950 to 2014. World’s 90% rural population is housed by African and
Asian countries, is expected to contribute to the global urban settlement growth and development
by 2050 (UN, 2014). The African countries are specially observing phenomenal urbanization as
they have recorded the fastest urban growth than anywhere else globally. Therefore, the UN has
projected in their report that the African continent is expected to be the fastest urban settlement
by 2020 to 2050 (UN, 2014).
1.1 Problem Statement
Neoliberalism and rural and urban migration of youth in Tanzania is inter-connect and
goes beyond the theoretical approach that is discussed by the researchers and scholars. The
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9WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
different approaches and theories of neoliberalism explains migration differently. The
phenomenon of migration and ‘the movement of people and their geographical relocation’ is not
new as argued. He pointed out that people are always ‘on the move’ and they have ‘moved great
distances’ for their own needs and wants. Historically, the movements of nomads, missionaries,
traders, have been a topic of debate and discussion. Different types of migration have been
justified with different theories which are subject to different reasons and circumstances as well.
As argued by Cross et al. (2006), no universal or specific definition of migration exits as
different forms of migration is being defined and explained differently. Different theories and
models of neoliberalism explains migration, internationally and as well as regionally. As for
Tanzania, it needs to be researched and understood that there are various reasons for the rural to
urban migration of youths and there are theories of neoliberalism that discusses the process best.
This research seeks to discuss such different reasons of migration along with pointing out the
neoliberal theory that explains migration of the youth from rural to urban settlement.
1.2 Research Aim
The aim of this study is to find out the best neoliberal theory that best describes the rural
to urban migration of youth in Tanzania. In addition, it also strives to find out and discuss the
most crucial aspects that instigate and influence youth migration from rural to urban settlement
in the country.
1.3 Research Objective
The objective of the study is:
To discuss the different neoliberal theory that explains rural to urban migration of the
youths in Tanzania.
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
different approaches and theories of neoliberalism explains migration differently. The
phenomenon of migration and ‘the movement of people and their geographical relocation’ is not
new as argued. He pointed out that people are always ‘on the move’ and they have ‘moved great
distances’ for their own needs and wants. Historically, the movements of nomads, missionaries,
traders, have been a topic of debate and discussion. Different types of migration have been
justified with different theories which are subject to different reasons and circumstances as well.
As argued by Cross et al. (2006), no universal or specific definition of migration exits as
different forms of migration is being defined and explained differently. Different theories and
models of neoliberalism explains migration, internationally and as well as regionally. As for
Tanzania, it needs to be researched and understood that there are various reasons for the rural to
urban migration of youths and there are theories of neoliberalism that discusses the process best.
This research seeks to discuss such different reasons of migration along with pointing out the
neoliberal theory that explains migration of the youth from rural to urban settlement.
1.2 Research Aim
The aim of this study is to find out the best neoliberal theory that best describes the rural
to urban migration of youth in Tanzania. In addition, it also strives to find out and discuss the
most crucial aspects that instigate and influence youth migration from rural to urban settlement
in the country.
1.3 Research Objective
The objective of the study is:
To discuss the different neoliberal theory that explains rural to urban migration of the
youths in Tanzania.
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10WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
To find out the various factors that influences youth migration from rural to urban
settlement in the country.
To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the rural and urban life that is
experienced by the Tanzanian youths.
1.4 Research Question
The following are the most crucial research questions:
How neoliberalism connects with migration and influences youth migration from
rural to urban settlement in Tanzania?
What are the factors that influences youth migration from rural to urban settlement in
Tanzania?
1.5 Structure of the dissertation
This paper would be divided into five chapters, namely:
a) Introduction
b) Literature review
c) Research Methodology
d) Thematic Analysis of the findings
e) Conclusion
The first chapter, which is the introduction, give a brief idea on the research topic which
revolves around the new liberal theory that best explains rural to urban migration of youth in
Tanzania. It gives a sketch of the research overview, aims, objectives, questions as well as a
detailed structure of the paper.
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
To find out the various factors that influences youth migration from rural to urban
settlement in the country.
To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the rural and urban life that is
experienced by the Tanzanian youths.
1.4 Research Question
The following are the most crucial research questions:
How neoliberalism connects with migration and influences youth migration from
rural to urban settlement in Tanzania?
What are the factors that influences youth migration from rural to urban settlement in
Tanzania?
1.5 Structure of the dissertation
This paper would be divided into five chapters, namely:
a) Introduction
b) Literature review
c) Research Methodology
d) Thematic Analysis of the findings
e) Conclusion
The first chapter, which is the introduction, give a brief idea on the research topic which
revolves around the new liberal theory that best explains rural to urban migration of youth in
Tanzania. It gives a sketch of the research overview, aims, objectives, questions as well as a
detailed structure of the paper.
11WHICH NEOLIBERAL THEORY BEST EXPLAINS RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
The second chapter, which is the literature review, discusses about what migration refers
to in context to Tanzania along with the application of neoliberal theory on migration. Different
approach of new liberal theories has been discussed in this chapter in context to migration.
Neoliberal theories of David Harvey and Harrison Graham have been highlighted in relation to
the research topic. Among the different theories, the one that best explains the rural to urban
migration of Tanzania news have been pointed out and has been discussed in depth. In addition
the different factors that influences youth migration from rural to urban settlement has been
researched on and put forwarded. In this context, the advantages and disadvantages of rural and
urban settlement has been evaluated as well.
The third chapter, which comprises of the methodologies and ethics of research help the
researcher first to collect the relevant data and information and then to evaluate and investigate
the matter by the help of different research methodologies, techniques and ethical considerations.
Methodologies like the research philosophy, approach, design and strategy are used to classify
the data that is relevant for the study. While the secondary source of data has been chosen as the
source of Data collection process for this research paper. The secondary source of data comes
from books journal articles official websites, government websites, newspapers, et cetera.
The fourth chapter, which is the thematic analysis of the findings, discusses about the
relevant data that has been collected with the help of secondary sources with the help of certain
themes or concepts. This is known as thematic analysis. The thematic analysis chapter would
select certain crucial key words or specific matters that would help to examine and evaluate the
collected data.
AMONG TANZANIAN YOUTH
The second chapter, which is the literature review, discusses about what migration refers
to in context to Tanzania along with the application of neoliberal theory on migration. Different
approach of new liberal theories has been discussed in this chapter in context to migration.
Neoliberal theories of David Harvey and Harrison Graham have been highlighted in relation to
the research topic. Among the different theories, the one that best explains the rural to urban
migration of Tanzania news have been pointed out and has been discussed in depth. In addition
the different factors that influences youth migration from rural to urban settlement has been
researched on and put forwarded. In this context, the advantages and disadvantages of rural and
urban settlement has been evaluated as well.
The third chapter, which comprises of the methodologies and ethics of research help the
researcher first to collect the relevant data and information and then to evaluate and investigate
the matter by the help of different research methodologies, techniques and ethical considerations.
Methodologies like the research philosophy, approach, design and strategy are used to classify
the data that is relevant for the study. While the secondary source of data has been chosen as the
source of Data collection process for this research paper. The secondary source of data comes
from books journal articles official websites, government websites, newspapers, et cetera.
The fourth chapter, which is the thematic analysis of the findings, discusses about the
relevant data that has been collected with the help of secondary sources with the help of certain
themes or concepts. This is known as thematic analysis. The thematic analysis chapter would
select certain crucial key words or specific matters that would help to examine and evaluate the
collected data.
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