AgriDigital Network Topology, Internet Protocol, and Design Report

This report examines the network infrastructure of AgriDigital, focusing on the network topologies, internet protocols, and overall design implemented to provide internet services within their offices. The report begins by identifying the different networking topologies used, including Internet topology, Local Area Network (LAN), and Wireless LAN (WLAN), and explains the concept of the Internet using a supporting diagram. It then provides a summary of AgriDigital's requirements, such as network security, sufficient bandwidth, and wireless connectivity, followed by a logical network design that addresses these needs. The report details the services and applications used, including Windows 10, Windows Server 2016, Cisco WebEx Connect, Mozilla Thunderbird, and Apache HTTP Server, along with the interfaces and terminals utilized. The analysis evaluates the network infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate Internet Service Provider (ISP) to meet the company's bandwidth demands. The conclusion summarizes the findings, highlighting the successful identification of networking topologies, the explanation of the Internet concept, and the proposed network design that meets the company's requirements.

Running head: NETWORK OF AGRIDIGITAL AND INTERNET PROTOCOL
Network of AgriDigital and Internet Protocol
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Summary
This report aims to identify the networking topologies used by the company AgriDigital to
for implementing internet service in their offices while also describing the concept of internet
and analysis of how this company has set it up. The report begins with the network topologies
used and explains the concept of Internet with supporting diagram. After that the summary of
requirements is provided and the logical design of the network is proposed along with
explaining how it meets the company requirements. The report also talks about the
applications and interfaces used in the network. Then after evaluating the network
infrastructure the report ends with observations in the concluding notes.

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Discussion..................................................................................................................................3
Concept of Internet.................................................................................................................3
Network Topologies...............................................................................................................3
Requirements Summary and analysis....................................................................................4
Network Design.....................................................................................................................4
Services and Applications......................................................................................................5
Interfaces and Terminals........................................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................6

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Introduction
The study starts with identifying the different networking topologies that AgriDigital
have used for providing internet services in their office buildings and describes the concepts
of internet as also analysing how the company set it up. After mentioning the network
topologies used, the concepts of the Internet are explained with a suitable diagram. After
providing the requirements summary, the logical design of the network is proposed along
with explaining how it meets the company requirements (Pfaff et al. 2015). The report also
talks about the applications and interfaces used in the network. Then after evaluating the
network infrastructure the report ends with observations given in the concluding notes.
Solution Design
Network Topologies
The different types of networking topologies used by the company are:
Internet Topology: The Internet topology can be referred to as the network of networks.
Here every network is connected to each other with the help of routers. Various layouts of the
networks or topologies exists that help connect computers and network devices with the
internet. These are mainly bus, ring, star, mesh and tree topologies.
Local Area Network (LAN): Another common networking topology is the LAN or local
area network. This topology is widely used by most networks around the world. In a LAN,
devices can either be directly connected to each other or connected individually through
switches.
Wireless LAN (WLAN): WLAN or wireless local area network are rapidly gaining
popularity among masses as well as businesses across the globe. In WLAN, devices enjoy the
flexibility of being able to access network services on the go. This kind of network topology

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eliminates the need for cables. However, the variance in signal often fails to offer the
latencies achieved through wired connections.
Concept of Internet Topology
Internet play the role of an expressway for sharing of Information and providing
access across different parts of the web. Internet I formed by interconnection of computer
networks located world-wide. For achieving this, the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is
used (Sidler et al. 2015). All computers connected to the Internet are identifiable by unique IP
addresses. These IP addresses are distinct set of numbers that recognizes location of a
particular computer (Komosný, Vozňák and Rehman 2017). An example of an IP address can
be 172.16.101.24. A Domain Name Server or DNS is used for specifying names to the IP
Addresses so as to help users in locating computers by their names.
Network design
Figure 1: Internet Topology
The above diagram represents an instance of the internet topology with four different
transit domains (Deering and Hinden 2018). The communication path from the server to the

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client only demonstrates a subset of the many stub domains present. Transit domains are used
to provide transit specific services for other domains. Here, it is the routers that transfer data
packets, the source and destination of which are not known by the transit domains. Stub
domains account for roughly 85% of the domains present in the internet (Li, Zaman and Li
2015). When sub domains are connected to single transmit domain, they are called single-
homed stub. When one stub domain is connected to multiple transmit domains, they are
called multi-homed stub.
Requirements Summary
The requirements of the company AgriDigital include the following:
Network Security: Security from information security risks like malwares, hackers, DDoS
attacks and exploits. Since small and medium sized businesses are common targets of cyber
threats, a comprehensive firewall solution is required.
Bandwidth: Sufficient bandwidth to operate the numerous workstations and servers present
in the office buildings of the company. It is estimated that the company requires a minimum
of 100 Mbps bandwidth for every network channel.
Wireless Connectivity: Wireless local area network is necessary to facilitate network access
the laptops and other portable devices in use within the company.
Services: Web, email and file transfer services are extremely essential for the day to day
operations of AgriDigital so that they can serve the customers as well as provide them
support over the internet.

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Logical Design
Figure 2: Internet Access in Small Businesses
The above diagram shows how the small business firms like AgriDigital access the
Internet. The Internet Service Providers or ISP are always connected to the Internet and hence
forms a part of the internet. Thus, by connecting to the ISP, businesses as well as home
networks can access the internet (Quach, Thaichon and Jebarajakirthy 2016). These services
are provided by the ISPs in the form of various packages at different tariffs depending on the
bandwidth as well as usability of the services. From the ISP the network is passed through the
firewall installed in the company and then to the router. The router then specifies the
networks for use by the different set of components. These include subnets for static IPs for
the servers, workstations and peripheral devices as well as subnet for automatically
configured IPs for laptops using DHCP protocol (Shang, Droms and Zhang 2016). Two
dedicated switches facilitate the connections to the network components. Switch 1 is used to

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provide connections to the servers and wireless access points. Switch 2 provides network
access to the various workstations, desktops and Ethernet printers. These connections are
facilitated using the LAN and WLAN topologies.
Services and Applications
The services and applications being used the company are as follows:
Windows 10 64 bit: The latest operating system from Microsoft and is compatible with a
wide range of software applications. This OS is being used by AgriDigital in all the
workstations and laptops.
Windows Server 2016: This operating system from Microsoft is specially built to serve the
purposes of servers. AgriDigital is using this OS in their web, email and file servers.
Cisco WebEx Connect: The most comprehensive application for enabling communications
among users in medium and large businesses. AgriDigital uses the software for regular
communications between their employees as well as for support.
Mozilla Thunderbird: Thunderbird is a free open source mail transfer agent and supports
multiple operating systems. The company uses this application for serving mailing services
through their mail servers.
HP printer application: This software lets users utilize the various features of the common
printer being shared over the network. The company uses this application to access and
operate its shared ethernet printers.
Apache HTTP Server: Commonly referred to as Apache, it is a free to use and open source
web server with cross platform support. The company is hosting their web portal in their web
servers with the help of this software.

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Other services that immensely helps the company are the firmware applications and
drivers of the respective hardware in use (Emmerich et al. 2019). This includes firmware for
the firewall device, router, switches as well as the wireless access point.
Interfaces and Terminals
The router of the company Cisco Rv320 makes use of fast ethernet ports to obtain
internet services from the Internet Service Providers or ISPs and relay them to the switches
with the help of cross over cables (Gjerseth 2017). The switches use straight through cables
to provide internet connections to the servers and workstations. Laptops connected through
WLAN have their IP addresses connected through DHCP configuration (Niizuma, T. and
Goto, H., 2017). Workstations, ethernet printers, servers and the wireless access point are
connected to the respective switches individually through the physical star topology.
Analysis and Evaluation
The network infrastructure of AgriDigital by connecting itself with the ISP who are in
turn connected to the rest of the networks that comprise the internet, becomes a part of the
internet itself. The cabling used by the ISP to connect to these networks decides the
maximum bandwidth of internet that it can offer (Guo et al. 2016). Use of better transmission
devices enable ISPs to provide faster services at lesser costs (Ji, Caire and Molisch 2016).
Thus, it is extremely important that AgriDigital conducts a survey and selects the appropriate
ISP to connect with the internet as they require significant network bandwidth to compensate
the distribution of network among the company resources.
Conclusion
In conclusion it is observed that the report successfully identifies the different
networking topologies that AgriDigital uses for providing internet services in their office
buildings and describes the concept of internet as also analysing how the company has it set

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up. After listing the networking topologies in use, the concept of Internet is explained through
a supporting diagram. Following the requirements summary, the logical design of the
network is provided along with explanation of how it helps the company meet the
requirements. The report also talks about the applications and interfaces used in the network.
Then after evaluating the network infrastructure the report ends with observations given in
the concluding notes.

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References
Deering, S. and Hinden, R., 2018. Simple Internet Protocol (SIP) Specification (No. RFC
8507).
Emmerich, P., Pudelko, M., Bauer, S. and Carle, G., 2019. Writing User Space Network
Drivers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.10664.
Gjerseth, A.Z., 2017. IoT and Modbus protocol development (Master's thesis, Høgskolen i
Sørøst-Norge).
Guo, J., Liu, F., Lui, J.C. and Jin, H., 2016. Fair network bandwidth allocation in IaaS
datacenters via a cooperative game approach. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 24(2),
pp.873-886.
Ji, M., Caire, G. and Molisch, A.F., 2016. Wireless device-to-device caching networks: Basic
principles and system performance. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,
34(1), pp.176-189.
Komosný, D., Vozňák, M. and Rehman, S.U., 2017. Location accuracy of commercial IP
address geolocation databases.
Li, J., Zaman, N. and Li, H., 2015, June. A decentralized locality-preserving context-aware
service discovery framework for internet of things. In 2015 IEEE International Conference
on Services Computing (pp. 317-323). IEEE.
Niizuma, T. and Goto, H., 2017. Easy-to-deploy wireless mesh network system with user
authentication and wlan roaming features. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems,
100(3), pp.511-519.

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Pfaff, B., Pettit, J., Koponen, T., Jackson, E., Zhou, A., Rajahalme, J., Gross, J., Wang, A.,
Stringer, J., Shelar, P. and Amidon, K., 2015. The design and implementation of open
vswitch. In 12th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
({NSDI} 15) (pp. 117-130).
Quach, T.N., Thaichon, P. and Jebarajakirthy, C., 2016. Internet service providers' service
quality and its effect on customer loyalty of different usage patterns. Journal of Retailing and
Consumer Services, 29, pp.104-113.
Shang, W., Yu, Y., Droms, R. and Zhang, L., 2016. Challenges in IoT networking via TCP/IP
architecture. NDN, Technical Report NDN-0038.
Sidler, D., Alonso, G., Blott, M., Karras, K., Vissers, K. and Carley, R., 2015, May. Scalable
10Gbps TCP/IP stack architecture for reconfigurable hardware. In 2015 IEEE 23rd Annual
International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (pp. 36-43).
IEEE.