CO2222: Network Design and Proposal for a Cycle Hire Service Network

This report presents a comprehensive network design for a new cycle hire company aiming to compete in major cities. It begins with a network requirements analysis, focusing on functionality, performance, cost, and reliability, considering user needs such as easy cycle location, simple usability, flexible payment methods, and pay-per-use options. The design incorporates IoT gateway clustering for scalability, remote locking/unlocking capabilities, real-time location tracking, secure payments, and support for up to 500,000 bicycles. The proposal includes an IoT server for device management, Bluetooth for nearby devices, and Zigbee for long-distance connections, ensuring a reliable and available network architecture. The report also addresses provider requirements and outlines a network design that utilizes redundant links, automated backups, and a distributed network framework to improve resource utilization and fault tolerance.

Running head: COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
CO2222 Data communications and enterprise networking
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
2. Task 1 - Network Requirements Analysis...................................................................................2
3. Task 2 - Network Proposal..........................................................................................................6
4. Task 3 - Network Design...........................................................................................................10
5. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................11
6. Bibliography..............................................................................................................................13

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1. Introduction
The report is prepared for a new cycle hiring company that have the plan to launch its
service in the major cities. They have the opportunity to gain the leading position in the market
by replacing the old and outdated service of the existing providers and gain the leading position
in the market. The main aim of the company is to provide improved technology than the existing
service provider and reduce the cost of service. A survey is conducted for analyzing the user
requirement for the development of the network and propose the solution. The proposed network
solution is needed to locate the closest cycle, simple to use, have flexible methods for payment
and make payment for the actual usage time of the cycle. The company have the requirement to
lock and unload remotely, track the location of the cycle at a real time, get secured and simple
payments and is scalable for 500,000 bicycles. The remote management of the network and
tracking can be done with the integration of IoT sensors in the network and allowing remote
management from different geographical location. A DHCP server is needed to be used allowing
allocation of IP address to the IoT devices and a server is needed to be configured for allowing
the devices to be managed.
2. Task 1 - Network Requirements Analysis
The requirement of the network is needed to be analyzed such that the proposed solution
meet all the user needs and the organization can be benefited to gain the leading position in the
market.
Functionality
 A GPS tracking device is needed to be installed in each of the cycle for accessing the
location and return the information to the user to show the closest available cycle.

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 A server is needed to be installed for handling all the request from the users and host the
information system for management of the service needed by the users
 An intra data center network architecture is needed to be implemented for improving the
performance, reliability and usability of the network. The data center network is able to
meet the growing application needs and connect with the cloud service sites for accessing
data and resources.
 Multiple link are needed to be used for connecting the core resources of the network and
getting real time update from the sensor devices and improve the accuracy of the
network.
 An IP addressing plan is needed to be created for allowing the IoT devices to be allocated
with an IP address and improve the scalability of the network.
Performance
The performance of the network is improved by improving fault tolerance and identifying
the bottleneck condition that affects the speed of the network. The guests are kept in separate
network and the bandwidth is needed to be managed such that their access does not affect the
whole network. The traffic priority is needed to be managed by configuration of VLAN and the
network resources are needed to be partitioned such that high priority is present for the critical
traffic. Multiple IoT gateway control centers are needed to be deployed since the sensor device
have the limitation to transmit its signal to a certain distance and the use of multiple gateway can
improve the performance of data transmission (Lee & Lee, 2018). The VLAN is also needed to
be grouped based on their function and use for improving the security of network. The presence
of malware or virus is needed to be checked since it can affect the network speed by inhibiting
the workflow. The overloading of single gateway can be avoided by using cluster manager and

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the threshold occupancy of each of the gateway is needed to be defined such that the data gets
distributed using the different gateways for faster response time and load distribution (Zhao,
Barijough & Gerstlauer, 2018). A checking is needed to be done at a regular time interval for the
identification of defective components and upgrading the current network. The bottleneck
condition is needed to be checked since it can consume large resources and can also cause loss of
packet or jitter in the network.
Cost
The network device and hardware is needed to be selected based on the user needs and
future needs of the organization. The use of high performance network device that might not be
utilized fully is needed to be avoided such that it cannot add extra cost for the development of the
network. A gateway control center is needed to be installed for transmitting the data gathered
from the IoT sensor devices. A backup is also needed to be set for the gateway device since it
acts as the single point of failure for the connected sensor nodes. The backup gateway can also
works at the time when the threshold limit is reached (Bhandari, Sharma & Wang, 2017). The
cable layout plan is needed to be prepared by organizing the placement of the network device
and minimum distance is needed to be maintained such that the cost of cabling can be reduced.
The backbone cabling is needed to be done with fiber optics since they are cheap from twisted
pair and has higher bandwidth carrying capacity (Chen, 2018). The network development plan is
needed to be scheduled and a cost benefit analysis is needed to be performed such that return of
investment is analyzed. An estimation is needed to be made on the number and types of network
devices needed for the development of the network and a research is needed to be made for
finding the product at the best price and save cost of network development.
Reliability

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The reliability of the network can be increased with the use of redundant link for
connecting the core network devices such that if one of the link is down the secondary link can
be used for transmitting the data packets. A backup plan is also needed to be created such that in
case of failure of the server no data is lost and the network can be restored to its previous
working stage. An automated backup plan is needed to be created and distributed network
framework is needed for increasing the efficiency of resource utilization and enabling sustainable
resource utilization (Abhishek et al., 2018). The delay in the network is needed to be reduced
such that the sensors data can be used for producing real-time update. The sensor nodes installed
in the different areas of the network is needed to communicate with the nearby node of a cluster
for the transmission of data to the central server. The clustering of the gateway can ensure the
reliability of the network increasing the availability which in turn helps in implementing the
large scale network.
Technical Requirements Tasks/ requirements Technical Environment
 High availability
 QoS
 Security
 Traffic isolation
 Scalability
 Cognitive and
physical capability
 Network module and
path redundancy
 Hierarchical and
modular design
 Traffic classification
and prioritization
 Addition of firewalls
with filtering and
communication
controls
Software
Hardware
Network
Other equipment’s
Reference materials

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 Network virtualization
 Scalable WAN design
Physical environment Organizational Environment
 Thermal environment
 Auditory environment
 Vibration
 Space and furniture
 Use posture
 Health hazards
 Protective equipment and
clothing’s
 Visual environment
 Assistance
 Work Practice
 Interruption
 Communication and management structure
 Industrial relation
 Job characteristics
 Computer use policy
 Organizational aims
3. Task 2 - Network Proposal
User Requirement Description
Easy to locate closest available cycle. IoT gateway clustering is used for the large
scale implementation of the network. Without
the use of IoT gateways the IoT sensor nodes
installed for tracking cycle or remote lock is
not possible. A gateway control center is used
in the cloud for the management and
transferring the application data with the other
gateways. The gateway can also be used for

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the configuration of the cluster by creating a
geographic correlation between the gateway
that can act as the unit placed near the other
gateway and remote connection is established
with the same sensor devices. Connecting
multiple sensor devices with the same
gateway creates a backup for the neighboring
gateway and in case any of the device fails the
gateway has the ability to transfer their
application and the connection of devices
with each other and in case the threshold limit
is reached (Sanabria-Russo et al., 2019).
Simple to Use The complexity of the network increases with
the addition of the new gateway but a
communication bus can be used for replacing
the complexity. With the use of OT bus
connection the new gateway can be added
without making any changes in the existing
network (Hamadeh, Chaudhuri & Tyagi,
2017). The use of clustering enables
distributed edge analytics and allows
processing of data at the edge before it is
transferred to the cloud. The latency of the

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network can be reduced with the use of the
clustering technology.
Flexible methods for payment. The user is provided flexible payment
methods by providing wireless connectivity of
their smart device.
Only pay for actual time the cycle is used. The gateway acts as the glue for
implementing multiple IoT devices together.
The real time analysis of the IoT data can be
enabled with the implementation of the
clustering and link multitudinous connected
sensors and devices to the clouds is used
(Messaoud, Bradai & Moulay, 2019). The
gateway can be used as the bridge between
the different installed with the different
connectivity protocols that helps in linking
the equipment’s from the information
technology and the operation technology.
Provider Requirement
Ability to unlock and lock remotely. A remote server configuration is made that
helps in accessing the IoT server from remote
location. The IoT devices are registered with
the server for controlling the device and
getting real time updates from it.

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Real-time location tracking of all cycles The gateway can act as a single point of
failure for the IoT sensor networks. We need
to use multiple gateways since in the poorly
designed network if a gateway goes down the
Iot devices stops to function and this can be
prevented with the implementation of IoT
gateway architecture (Sadek, 2018). It have
the benefit of real time and fast data analysis
for a large geographical location and enabling
faster response and fault tolerance of the
proposed network (Abd-Elmagid, Kishk &
Dhillon, 2018).
Simple, secure payments.
Scalable up to 500,000 bicycles. Horizontal scaling can also be applied in the
cluster gateway for addition of more gateway
in the existing mesh network for the enabling
of horizontal scaling the gateways are needed
to be connected with each other and since
wireless network is used it does not adds extra
cabling cost. Vertical scaling is needed for
addition of new sensors in the network or
making any increase in memory, device
configuration, APIs etc. The application based

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on micro service has the option of vertical
scaling and enables addition of as many
devices, micro service gateway and resources
with the changes in requirement.
There are many IoT projects that have
millions of connected devices, in our project
we need to install 500,000 gps tracking
sensors and thus the network needs to support
a large scale of endpoints with the use of
cluster gateway connected with each other
using a mesh topology.
4. Task 3 - Network Design
The network is designed following the design principles and the IoT gateway clustering
such that the reliability and availability of the network is improved. An IOT server is used for the
management of the IoT sensor devices and Bluetooth connection is used for the nearby devices.
The use of the Bluetooth technology is restricted to meters and for the long distance connection
Zigbee technology is needed to be used. The wireless router used for connecting the Bluetooth
and the IoT devices needs to operate in 5 Ghz frequency such that the interference in the network
can be avoided. The interference can reduce the performance and cause packet loss and thus for
improving the network performance the 5 GHz band is needed to be used. A DHCP server is
used for the allocation of IP address to the network devices and enable easy management of the

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network. The cable modem is used for connecting the devices with the internet and enabling
remote access of the device from different geographical location.
5. Conclusion
It can be concluded from the above report that the network for the cycle hiring company
is needed to be developed following the gateway clustering architecture. The gateway clustering
is considered for the large scale implementation of IoT device where the scalability and the
response time is considered a critical factor. A deliberate planning is needed to be made for the
implementation of the gateway cluster. The use of a well-structured approach for enabling the
IOT gateway clustering helps the small enterprise to start at a small scale and slowly expand
their business over remote locations and address the specific use cases of IoT. It also helps the
business to prepare for the future of large scale deployment of the IoT ecosystem for automation
of their business process. The report is prepared for conducting a network requirement analysis
and identify the functionality, performance, cost and reliability needs for the development of the
network. A design proposal is created following the network requirement and the right
technology is selected that would help in development of a scalable network. In the last section

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of the report a network design is created demonstrating the structure of the network and the
network devices that would be needed for the deployment of the proposed network solution.

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6. Bibliography
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clustered RF-powered IoT network. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Abhishek, N. V., Lim, T. J., Sikdar, B., & Tandon, A. (2018, May). An intrusion detection
system for detecting compromised gateways in clustered IoT networks. In 2018 IEEE
International Workshop Technical Committee on Communications Quality and
Reliability (CQR) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Ara, T., Prabhkar, M., & Shah, P. G. (2018). Energy Efficient Secured Cluster based Distributed
Fault Diagnosis Protocol for IoT. International Journal of Communication Networks and
Information Security, 10(3), 539.
Beshley, H., Klymash, M., Beshley, M., & Kahalo, I. (2019). Improving the Efficiency of LTE
Spectral Resources Use by Introducing the New of M2M/IoT Multi-Service Gateway.
In 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on the Experience of Designing and
Application of CAD Systems (CADSM) (pp. 114-117). IEEE.
Bhandari, S., Sharma, S. K., & Wang, X. (2017, April). Cloud-assisted device clustering for
lifetime prolongation in wireless IoT networks. In 2017 IEEE 30th Canadian Conference
on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Chen, Q. (2018). Design of monitoring system for real-time IoT in marine environment. Marine
and Environment, 6(1).

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Farahani, M., & Rahbar, A. G. (2019). Double Leveled Unequal Clustering with Considering
Energy Efficiency and Load Balancing in Dense IoT Networks. Wireless Personal
Communications, 106(3), 1183-1207.
Hamadeh, H., Chaudhuri, S., & Tyagi, A. (2017). Area, energy, and time assessment for a
distributed TPM for distributed trust in IoT clusters. Integration, 58, 267-273.
How IoT Gateway Clustering Ensures Reliability & High Availability. (2017). Einfochips.com.
Retrieved 31 January 2020, from https://www.einfochips.com/blog/iot-gateway-
architecture-clustering-ensures-reliability/
Jesudurai, S. A., & Senthilkumar, A. (2019). An improved energy efficient cluster head selection
protocol using the double cluster heads and data fusion methods for IoT
applications. Cognitive Systems Research, 57, 101-106.
Lee, D., & Lee, H. (2018). IoT service classification and clustering for integration of IoT service
platforms. The Journal of Supercomputing, 74(12), 6859-6875.
Messaoud, S., Bradai, A., & Moulay, E. (2019). Online GMM Clustering and Mini-Batch-
Gradient Descent based Optimization for Industrial IoT 4.0. IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Informatics.
Morabito, R., Farris, I., Iera, A., & Taleb, T. (2017). Evaluating performance of containerized
IoT services for clustered devices at the network edge. IEEE Internet of Things
Journal, 4(4), 1019-1030.
Sadek, R. A. (2018). Hybrid energy aware clustered protocol for IoT heterogeneous
network. Future Computing and Informatics Journal, 3(2), 166-177.

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Sanabria-Russo, L., Pubill, D., Serra, J., & Verikoukis, C. (2019, April). IoT Data Analytics as a
Network Edge Service. In IEEE INFOCOM 2019-IEEE Conference on Computer
Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) (pp. 969-970). IEEE.
Singh, S., & Sharma, R. M. (2018). Heuristic Based Coverage Aware Load Balanced Clustering
in WSNs and Enablement of IoT. International Journal of Information Technology and
Web Engineering (IJITWE), 13(2), 1-10.
Zhao, Z., Barijough, K. M., & Gerstlauer, A. (2018). DeepThings: Distributed adaptive deep
learning inference on resource-constrained IoT edge clusters. IEEE Transactions on
Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 37(11), 2348-2359.