COIT20261 Network Routing & Switching: Addressing, Subnetting

This assignment solution for COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching covers key networking concepts. It includes calculating network and broadcast addresses, subnetting an address block into smaller subnets with specific host requirements, and exploring network tools like Wireshark, Netstat, and Tracert. The solution provides detailed calculations for subnetting, explains the functionality of Wireshark's display windows, interprets Netstat output, and analyzes Tracert results. It also discusses practical network troubleshooting scenarios using these tools. The document is intended to help students understand and apply fundamental network routing principles. Desklib provides this assignment as well as other solved assignments and resources.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 1, 2018)
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1
Due date:
11:45pm AEST, Friday, Week 6
ASSESSMEN
T
Weighting: 15% 1
Objectives
This assessment task requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of basic routing concepts
by completing a number of exercise questions. The questions contain numerical as well as
descriptive questions covering the material up to Week 6.
The questions are designed to help you to achieve the unit learning outcomes as listed in the
unit profile.
Instructions
You must do this assignment on your own – it is not a group assignment.
Type all your answers in the ‘Template for Your Answers’ Section of this document and
upload only that template. You could do that by copying the Template section into a new
Word document for uploading. Answers that are not typed into the “Template for Your
Answers” section may not be marked, or may be returned to you for re-typing and re-
submission – late penalties will apply.
Where instructed, you must show the steps you took to arrive at your answers. Write
your answers in your own words to avoid potential plagiarism and copyright violations.
You must submit the Answer section as a Word file (.doc or .docx). Do not submit PDF’s
or any other type of file without express permission from the Unit Coordinator.
Plagiarism Procedures can be found in the CQUniversity Policies section of the Unit Profile.
Assessment Requirements and Marking Criteria
There are 3 main questions with some sub-questions and the requirements are stated for each
one. You must answer all questions and their sub-questions. Marks are indicated in the
Answer Template.
The questions will be marked on correctness, logic and clarity, and addressing all parts of the
question.
The Assignment Questions begin on the next page.
USE THE PROVIDED TEMPLATE ON P.4 FOR ALL YOUR ANSWERS.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 1, 2018)
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1
Question 1 – Address usage (3 marks)
Consider the following classless address block:
154.78.177.3/27
List the addresses from this block that would be used as:
a) the network address,
b) the direct broadcast address, and
c) the range available for hosts to use
Show the steps you took to arrive at your answers.
Question 2– Allocating subnets from a block (8 marks)
A company has been granted a block of addresses which includes the address
138.77.216.5/24. Answer the following questions, showing your calculations.
a) Calculate the network address of this block and how many host addresses
including special addresses this block can provide (1 mark)
b) Create the following 6 subnets for this company by calculating the subnet
address for each subnet. Answer this question by filling in the table in the
Answer template. Use CIDR format for the mask.
I. 2 subnets with 32 addresses each (2 marks)
II. 4 subnets with 16 addresses each (4 marks)
c) After some time, the company decides that it wants another subnet with 1,024
addresses. Explain whether this can be allocated from the existing block.
(1 mark)
Question 3 – Network Tools (Windows) (4 marks)
Often the best way to gain an initial familiarity with network tools is to simply use them, at a
basic level in exploratory mode as suggested in some of the tutorial exercises. Netstat and
Tracert are included in Windows, while Wireshark is free to download and install. Explore
Wireshark, Netstat and Tracert, then complete this question.
a) A wireshark scan has produced a packet capture, saved to a file named
wireshark_capture01.pcapng and available on the Unit website. Download the file
and open it in Wireshark, then answer these questions about the scan:
i. Very briefly summarise in your own words the content in each of the three
horizontal display windows in Wireshark (.5 mark)
ii. In Frame 3, what brand of computer launched this scan and what was its IP
address? State where this information is found (.5 mark)
iii. Briefly explain the exchange event captured in frames 4 - 6 (.5 mark)

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 1, 2018)
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1
iv. Describe in your own words two specific network problems that a network
administrator could use Wireshark for as a troubleshooting tool? (.5 mark)
b) A ‘NETSTAT –aon’ command has given the output below (excerpted). Briefly
describe each column heading, and the states LISTENING, ESTABLISHED and
CLOSE_WAIT. (1 mark)
Active Connections
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State PID
TCP 10.0.0.58:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 10.0.0.58:5040 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 7480
TCP 10.0.0.118:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4
TCP 10.0.0.118:52450 52.63.165.133:443 ESTABLISHED 14080
TCP 10.0.0.118:52458 104.116.191.195:443 CLOSE_WAIT 8912
TCP 10.0.0.118:52791 40.100.151.2:443 ESTABLISHED 22400
TCP 10.0.0.118:52811 162.125.34.129:443 ESTABLISHED 4696
TCP 10.0.0.118:52820 34.232.224.128:443 CLOSE_WAIT 4696
TCP 10.0.0.118:52879 162.125.34.129:443 ESTABLISHED 4696
...
c) Do a TRACERT on your computer to www.google.com. Paste the output to your
assignment answer template and discuss the information being displayed (1 mark)

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 1, 2018)
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1
TEMPLATE FOR YOUR ANSWERS
Type your answers in this section in the spaces provided
First Name:_________________________ Last Name:_________________________
Student ID: __________________________
Question Number Mark
allocated
Mark
earned
Question 1: (3 marks) 3
a)
b)
c)
Network Address Block – 154.78.177.3 / 27
The network address for the given block of address = 154.78.177.0 / 27
Calculation for finding the direct broadcast address for the given address
block:
10011010. 01001110. 10110001. 000 11111
154.78.177.31
The range of address available for the hosts =
Starting IP address = 154.78.177.1
Ending IP address = 154.78.177.30
1 mark
each
item,
total 3
Question 2: (8 marks) 8
a)
Given Address Block = 138.77.216.5 /24
Calculation of the block of network address is given below:
Address block (Decimal notation)
10001010.01001101.11011000 .00000101
Subnet mask (Decimal Notation)
11111111.11111111.11111111 .00000000
Wild card mask (Decimal Notation)
00000000.00000000.00000000 .11111111
Network Address (Decimal Notation)
10001010.01001101.11011000 .00000000
= 138.77.216.0 /24
1
b) Subnet No. addresses Subnet address Mask /n
1 32 138.77.216.0 /26
2 32 138.77.216.64 /26
3 16 138.77.216.128 /27
4 16 138.77.216.160 /27
6

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 1, 2018)
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1
5 16 138.77.216.160 /27
6 16 138.77.216.0 /26
c) If the requirement of the changes and number of hosts in each of the
subnet is increased to 1024 numbers the current subnet used by the
company would fail because in the subnet of mask /24 only 254 number
of IP address can be allocated. Moreover the company have already 6
subnets and the required addresses are 128 and allocated size is 244.
Thus the company needs to re calculate the subnet using different subnet
mask.
1
Question 3: (4 marks) 4
a)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
There are three horizontal windows in the wireshark interface and each
of the pane shows different information about the packets captured in
the network. The first panel is used for creating a list of the packets
captures from the network, the second panel displays the details of the
packet captured when a particular packet from the first panel is selected
and lastly the third panel is used for showcasing the raw data for the
selected packet from the first panel of the captured packets.
From the third frame of the packet captured the brand of computer can
be identified and it is Hewlett with an IP address of 138.77.216.88.
In the frame 4 and 6 different types of messages are sent between the
server and the client for establishing the connection and sending and
receiving data packets in the network. The server sends a hello message
to the client to connect with it in the fourth frame, in the fifth frame the
details of the protocol, cipher suite, compression methodology,
certificate and the session ID is shared with the client and in the sixth
frame the ‘hello message done’ is sent from the server end for ending
the verification.
The wireshark network analysis tool can be used by the network
administrator for solving the following problem such as:
 Name resolution problem resolution and troubleshooting the
network devices for resolution of the problem
 Analysis of the current flow of data and protect the network from
DoS attacks.
.5 mark
each
item,
total 2
for 3a.
b)
The Proto column is used for listing the TCP and the UDP protocols
used in the active connections. The column named local address shows
the IP address of the client with the port address separated with a colon
to transmit data in the network. The Foreign address is lists the IP
address and the port separated by the colon used by the destination
machine. The State column shows the current state of the active
1

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 1, 2018)
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1
connections and it can be of three types such as listening, close_wait or
Established. The process ID or PID column shows the process number
and it can be used for finding the owner of the process and the program
using the process.
The listening state implies that the client host is waiting for outer host
for establishment of a data connection. The established state implies that
the client and the outer PC can send and receive data packets in the
network and lastly close_wait state implies that client Pc and the remote
host has already terminated the connection by the ARP table of the
router has not yet been updated.
c)
Running the tracert command in the Pc followed by the url helps in
identification of the path followed by the local host to reach the server
configured with the host address ‘www.google.com’, currently 12
network devices are used for reaching the server and it includes the
router with the IP address 192.168.0.1, gateway 115.96.128.1 and the
targeted host server with the IP address 172.217.31.196.
1
Total marks awarded 15 (max)
Less late penalties if applicable
Less plagiarism penalties if applicable
Total marks earned
Markers comments:

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 1, 2018)
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1
Bibliography
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Brown, P.N. and Marden, J.R., 2017. Studies on robust social influence
mechanisms: Incentives for efficient network routing in uncertain settings. IEEE
Control Systems, 37(1), pp.98-115.
Li, C., Mukerjee, M.K., Andersen, D.G., Seshan, S., Kaminsky, M., Porter, G.
and Snoeren, A.C., 2017, May. Using indirect routing to recover from network
traffic scheduling estimation error. In Architectures for Networking and
Communications Systems (ANCS), 2017 ACM/IEEE Symposium on (pp. 13-24).
IEEE.
Medhi, D. and Ramasamy, K., 2017. Network routing: algorithms, protocols,
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Misra, S. and Goswami, S., 2017. Network Routing: Fundamentals,
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Misra, S., Bera, S., Achuthananda, M.P., Pal, S.K. and Obaidat, M.S., 2017.
Situation-Aware Protocol Switching in Software-Defined Wireless Sensor
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Odom, W. and Wilkins, S., 2017. CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-
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