COIT20261: Network Routing and Switching Assignment 2 - Term 1, 2019

This document presents a complete solution for COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Assignment 2, focusing on key concepts of network routing and switching. The assignment includes the creation of routing tables for routers R2 and R3, detailing mask, network address, next-hop address, and interface configurations. It explores classless IP addressing, analyzing how routers utilize mask fields to determine the best route for incoming IP addresses. The solution also covers inter-domain and intra-domain routing, comparing BGP and RIP protocols, highlighting their differences in construction, routing mechanisms, and applicability to network sizes. The assignment also addresses autonomous systems and their role in routing, providing a comprehensive overview of routing protocols and their application in various network scenarios.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2019
Assignment item —Written Assessment-2
ANSWER TEMPLATE ASSIGNMENT TWO
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Questions Mark
allocated
Mark
earned
Question 1: (10 marks) 5 each
table
Answer: Routing table of router R2:
Mask Network address Next-hop address Interface
/24 200.11.60.0 ------- M1
/24 220.10.40.0 150.3.0.3 M0
/22 140.21.0.0 ------- M2
/18 161.22.0.0 150.3.0.3 M0
/18 150.32.0.0 150.32.0.1 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.3 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.1 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.4 M0
Default Default 150.3.0.4 M0
(Empson, 2013 )
Routing table of router R3:
Mask Network address Next-hop address Interface
/24 220.10.40.0 -------- M1
/24 200.11.60.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/22 140.21.0.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/18 150.32.0.0 150.3.0.1 M0
/18 161.22.0.0 -------- M2
5 max
5 max

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2019
Assignment item —Written Assessment-2
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.4 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.1 M0
Default Default 150.3.0.4 M0
Lammle explains a routing table as above.
(Lammle, 2013)
Question 2: (5 marks)
a) Bianco & Neri explains that in classless IP addressing, four fields are
used. They are network address, next-hop address, exit interface and
mask field which is the additional field. This is key is classless network
when it comes to routing. The router arrange the discovered routes in its
routing table on the basis of longest route of the masks. When an IP
address arrives at the router, the masks available in routing table are
applied on the IP address beginning with the longest mask. The process
continuous until the subnet which corresponds to the IP address which
arrived at the matches. Just in case there is no match, then the router
forwards the packet to the default route (Bianco & Neri, 2013).
1 max
b)
Mask Network address Next-hop address Interface
/24 220.11.60.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/24 220.10.40.0 150.3.0.3 M0
/22 140.21.0.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/18 150.32.0.0 ------- M1
/18 161.22.0.0 150.3.0.3 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.4 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.3 M0
Default Default 150.3.0.4 M0
The routing process is as below as explained by Nguyen:
Step 1: we apply the first mask (24) on the network IP address. The
solution will be 150.32.0.0. The address does not correspond to any
of the network addresses.
Step 2: we apply the second mask (/22) on the IP address, the result
is 150.32.0.0. The network address does not match any of the
corresponding network.
Step 3: we apply that third mask on the IP address. The result is
150.32.0.0. This network address matches the corresponding IP
2 max

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2019
Assignment item —Written Assessment-2
address. The interface and the next-hop address are passed to the
ARP (Nguyen, 2015).
c) Mask Network address Next-hop address Interface
/24 220.10.40.0 -------- M1
/24 200.11.60.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/22 140.21.0.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/18 150.32.0.0 150.3.0.1 M0
/18 161.22.0.0 -------- M2
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.4 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.2 M0
/16 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.1 M0
Default Default 150.3.0.4 M0
-We apply the first mask on the IP address. The solution will be
150.32.48.0. this network does not match any of the corresponding
network address
-we apply the second mask on the IP address. The solution will be
150.32.48.0. This address does not match the respective IP address.
- We apply the third mask on the IP address. The result is 150.32.0.0.
The result has matched the corresponding. The next hop address and
exit interface are forwarded to the ARP.
2 max
Question 3: (10 marks)
a) An autonomous system refers to a collection of networks being manned
by a single administration. ISP is an example of autonomous system.
BGP protocol is used in routing of autonomous system.
1 max
b) Suzuki & Nakano defines Inter-domain routing as a network system in
which the forwarding of packets is taking place between networks. For
example, a network P has a routing protocol of RIP whereas network O
has a routing protocol of OSPF, when network P communicates with
network O this is known inter-domain routing. An example of a protocol
used in inter-domain routing is BGP (Suzuki & Nakano, 2012).
2 max
c) Srikant & Ying refer to Intra-domain is as a type of network in which
communicating the networks are in the same type of network. For
example, having network B whose routing protocol is RIP and network
C has RIP routing protocol when the two networks communicates to one
another, this called intra-domain routing (Srikant & Ying, 2014).
2 max
d) We compare BGP and RIP routing protocols 3 max

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2019
Assignment item —Written Assessment-2
BGP RIP
Constructed on the basis of
autonomous system
Constructed on the basis of hop
count
Supports classless routing Supports class-full routing
Used with large networks Normally used with small
networks. It has a maximum of 16
hop counts
e) Due to the enormous networks used by different organisations, it is a
requirement that we have also a number of inter-domain and intra-
domain routing protocols so as to ensure that none of the customers is
locked due lack of routing protocol that will support their network.
2 max
Total marks awarded 25 (max)
Less late penalties
Less plagiarism penalties
Total marks earned
Markers comments:

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2019
Assignment item —Written Assessment-2
References
Bianco, A. & Neri, F., 2013. Addressing. In: Next Generation Optical Network Design and Modelling.
New York City: Springer, pp. 92-99.
Empson, S., 2013 . CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide. Indianapolis: Cisco Press.
Lammle, T., 2013. CCNA Routing and Switching Review Guide: Exams 100-101, 200-101, and 200-
120. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Nguyen, T., 2015. Understanding TCP/IP Subnetting. Musk: EnCognitive.
Srikant, R. & Ying, ., 2014. Communication Networks: An Optimization, Control and Stochastic
Networks. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Suzuki, J. & Nakano, ., 2012. Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing. 5th ed.
Berlin: Springer.