Networking Fundamentals: Hands-on Projects and Subnet Calculation

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Assignment 2
Networking Fundamentals

Table of Contents
Q1....................................................................................................................................................3
Q2....................................................................................................................................................5
Hands On project 2-3...................................................................................................................5
Project 3.2 Hands-on...................................................................................................................5
Q3..................................................................................................................................................13
Q4..................................................................................................................................................14
Table of Figure
Figure 1: Project 2-3 Hands-on........................................................................................................5
Figure 2: step 1...............................................................................................................................6
Figure 3: step 2................................................................................................................................6
Figure 4: step 3................................................................................................................................7
Figure 5:step 4.................................................................................................................................7
Figure 6: step 5................................................................................................................................8
Figure 7: step 6................................................................................................................................8
Figure 8: step 7................................................................................................................................9
Figure 9: step 8................................................................................................................................9
Figure 10: step 9............................................................................................................................10
Figure 11: step 10..........................................................................................................................10
Figure 12: step 11..........................................................................................................................11
Figure 13: step 12..........................................................................................................................11
Figure 14: step 13..........................................................................................................................12
Figure 15: Network Design for Foreshore IT Solutions................................................................14
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Q1.
Open System Interconnection Model
OSI model is a global architecture which all network devices follow to communicate with each
other. The OSI model is developed by the ISO (International Organization of Standardization).
The model consists of a layer architecture which is generic layer architecture that works
heterogeneously with each other to communicate and establishes a successful network. Each
layer of the OSI model plays its own specific function which builds up the network system.
Following are the functions and working of each layer of the OSI model –
1. Layer 1:
The layer 1 is the bottom layer of the architecture. The layer deals with the physical media
such as cables and communication medium. This layer transmits the binary bits over the
physical medium to communicate with the other network devices. It also synchronizes the
sending bits.
2. Layer 2:
The layer 2 is known as Data Link Layer. The layer uses the physical addresses of the
hardware such as in Network Interface Card (NIC) has MAC address. Over this layer the
protocol such as ARP works which is used for the MAC address resolution to perform
encapsulation. The data generated after encapsulation over this layer is called frame.
3. Layer 3:
The layer 3 is known as Network Layer. The layer uses the logical addresses that are Internet
Protocol (IP) addresses to perform the layer operations and functions. Over this layer the
encapsulation is performed in which source and destination IP addresses are used. The data
generated after encapsulation at this layer is called packet.
4. Layer 4:
The layer is known as Transport Layer. Over this layer the data transferred from the session
layer is encapsulated with the layer header. At this layer port numbers are assigned to
identify the protocol used. Over this layer two protocols which are User Datagram Protocol
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(UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are used. The data generated after
encapsulation at this layer is called segment.
5. Layer 5:
The layer 5 is known as Session Layer. This layer deals with the coordination and
synchronization between the transport layer and presentation layer. This layer provides a
session for the communication.
6. Layer 6:
This layer 6 is known as Presentation Layer. The main function of the layer is to make the
application layer data into network format. Also, this layer encrypts or decrypts the data
passed from the layers.
7. Layer 7:
The layer 7 is known as Application Layer and also called as top layer of OSI model. This
application deals with the user interfaces and lets user to interact with the data via a software
such as web application (Google Chrome).
Sometimes Network Layer is also termed as the internet layer of the OSI model due to its
functioning. The internet is totally working on the IP addresses (Public IP address). The network
layer uses the logical IP addresses to decide the result of the applied function such as routing
decisions.
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Q2.
Hands On project 2-3
In Figure 1, is the implementation of the calculation of the subnetwork from www.gestioip.com.
For this we put 192.168.0.0 in the IP address field and select 24 bit from BM field and then click
calculate. After clicking figure 1 table is shown which involves the information about the subnet
such as subnetwork address, subnet mask, address range, broadcast address etc.
Figure 1: Project 2-3 Hands-on
Project 3.2 Hands-on
This project (hands-on) is prepared to provide the overview of the packet capturing tool named
as Wireshark by capturing the IPv6 packets from the local network. The following are the steps
that are followed in order to complete the task:
1. The first step consists of opening the Wireshark.
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Figure 2: step 1
2. In the second option the capture menu is clicked on to get the option tab.
Figure 3: step 2
3. In this step an active network interface is selected to capture the packet travelling to the
interface.
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Figure 4: step 3
4. In the next step the command prompt is opened to ping the ipv6 of targeted system.
Figure 5:step 4
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5. In this step the ipv6 of the targeted system is pinged.
Figure 6: step 5
6. Once all the packets of get captured after the successful ping transmission there need to
stop the capturing of packets by clicking on the “Stop” button in the menu name
“Capture”.
Figure 7: step 6
7. In this step the filter of wireshark was set with ipv6 or dhcpv6 or icmpv6 option.
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Figure 8: step 7
8. The next step involves of selecting an ipv6 packet to analyze their details.
Figure 9: step 8
9. In this step the version of the packet is analyzed as 0110.
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Figure 10: step 9
10. In this step the traffic class section is expanded to analyze the details.
Figure 11: step 10
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11. In this section all the other information is analyzed such as payload length, hop limit and
more.
Figure 12: step 11
12. In this step all the expanded detailed are collapsed to show less information.
Figure 13: step 12
13. In this step the wireshark packet captured file is saved with a desired name.
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Figure 14: step 13
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