Networking Fundamentals: TCP/IP Assignment Solution - University Name

This document provides a comprehensive solution to a TCP/IP assignment, addressing key networking concepts. The solution begins with an explanation of the OSI model, detailing the function of each layer and differentiating between software and hardware layers. It then includes hands-on project results, showcasing IP address information and version details. The assignment further explores the importance of the OSI model in data communication, emphasizing the roles of the data link and network layers, and the significance of IP and MAC addresses. A significant portion of the solution is dedicated to a case study involving Foreshore IT solutions, detailing a network design and subnetting plan to accommodate the company's expansion, including the calculation of subnet sizes and address ranges, and considerations for IPv6 adoption. The document concludes with a bibliography of relevant sources.

Running head: TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note

1
TCP/IP
Answer to question number 1
Operation system interconnection model is a framework that aims at describing the
systematically working that is taking place within a communication and networking system.
The OSI model is being divided into 7 layers. Each layer plays a major role in the
architecture. The 7 layers of OSI are described below:
Layer 7: application layer
Layer 6 presentation layer
Layer 5: session layer
Layer 4: transport layer
Layer 3: network layer
Layer 2: data link layer
Layer 1: physical layer
The software layer in OSI model consists of application layer, session layer and presentation
layer. On the other hand hardware layer consist of network layer, physical layer and data link
layer. The main aim of network layer is provide logical IP address to the devices so that they
can be identified uniquely within the network.
Answer to question number 2
Hands On project 2.3
The projects is performed by visiting the link getioip.net. The IP 192.168.0.0 was
used for the performing the project. The result provided below was fetched from the
calculator:

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TCP/IP
Hands On project 3.2
The version of the IP is displayed in the screenshot provided below:
The description of the traffic class is provided below:

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TCP/IP
Answer to question number 3
OSI model is divided into 7 main layers and each layer plays a crucial role. Thus, it
becomes important to understand the data communication that takes place between two
devices. This is also important to ensure proper exchange of data takes place from source and
destination. Data link layer and network layer play major role. The routing decisions are
taken place by evaluating the IP address at network layer. Physical layer is independent of
other layers and there is no need of proper scope within this layer. In addition to this, it is
important to have a proper IP address so that it becomes easy to locate the system. MAC
addresses are used for encapsulating the process so that proper access control can be
obtained. Whenever one device aims at sharing details with other it becomes important to
have a proper IP address and MAC address. This helps in locating the same IP address
destination by searching from the MAC table.
Answer to question number 4
The Foreshore IT solutions organization is looking for a networking solution that
involves their expansion and hence, there is a requirement for the organization to relay their

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TCP/IP
networking infrastructure. The organization consists of the six sites and the network of he
company is distributed with the use if three routers. The network diagram provided below is
used for the description of the network that is present in the organization.
The organization is looking to subnet the network that they currently have with the
information provided below:
Site Department No of Hosts
HQ Sales 16000
Marketing 8000
BR1 Advertising 2000
Online Sales 4000
BR2 Product Support 1000
Technical Support 500

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TCP/IP
However, the organization have notified that they are looking to expand their network and
hence, the network would be expanded by 40%. Hence, the new requirements of the
organization is provided in the table below:
Department Expected Strength (+40%)
Sales 22400
Marketing 11200
Online Sales 5600
Advertising 2800
Product Support 1400
Technical Support 700
In addition to this the organization have instructed that the sub netting is to be done
using the Net ID 180.38.0.0/16 subnet network. The network is to be distributed into six
smaller networks. The addressing solution for the network has been described below:
Subnet
Name
Need
ed
Size
Allocat
ed Size
Address Mas
k
Dec Mask Assignable
Range
Broadcast
Sales 22400 32766 180.38.0.
0
/17 255.255.12
8.0
180.38.0.1 -
180.38.127.
254
180.38.127.
255
Marketi
ng
11200 16382 180.38.12
8.0
/18 255.255.19
2.0
180.38.128.
1 -
180.38.191.
254
180.38.191.
255
Online 5600 8190 180.38.19 /19 255.255.22 180.38.192. 180.38.223.

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TCP/IP
Sales 2.0 4.0 1 -
180.38.223.
254
255
Advertisi
ng
2800 4094 180.38.22
4.0
/20 255.255.24
0.0
180.38.224.
1 -
180.38.239.
254
180.38.239.
255
Product
Support
1400 2046 180.38.24
0.0
/21 255.255.24
8.0
180.38.240.
1 -
180.38.247.
254
180.38.247.
255
Technica
l
Support
700 1022 180.38.24
8.0
/22 255.255.25
2.0
180.38.248.
1 -
180.38.251.
254
180.38.251.
255
The addressing solution would be very helpful for the organization, as the solution
would not waste much of a space for the bandwidth of the organization.
Major Network: 180.38.0.0/16
Available IP addresses in major network: 65534
Number of IP addresses needed: 44100
Available IP addresses in allocated subnets: 64500
About 98% of available major network address space is used

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About 68% of subnetted network address space is used
In addition to the addressing solution described above the organization should look to
adopt the IPv6 addressing if possible. This would be beneficial for the organization as they
would be able to increase the number of IP used in the major network. However with the
increase in the number of the addresses for the organization there would be a requirement for
the organization to relay the network as they would have to migrate the addresses from the
IPv4 version to the IPv6 versions.

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TCP/IP
Bibliography
Huang, J. and Cai, L., 2018, April. Research on TCP/IP network communication based on
Node. js. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1955, No. 1, p. 040115). AIP Publishing.
Iansiti, M. and Lakhani, K.R., 2017. The truth about blockchain. Harvard Business Review,
95(1), pp.118-127.
Jorgensen, J.W., Intellectual Ventures I LLC, 2017. Transmission control protocol/internet
protocol (TCP/IP) packet-centric wireless point to multi-point (PtMP) transmission system
architecture. U.S. Patent 9,712,289.
Raju, N.B. and Chandrashekhar, G., Nicira Inc, 2018. Using loopback interfaces of multiple
TCP/IP stacks for communication between processes. U.S. Patent 9,940,180.