Network Configuration and Troubleshooting Exercises

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ASSIGNMENT ONE
Type your answers in the spaces provided
Marking criteria: Your answers will be marked based on technical correctness,
completeness, clarity and relevance. Questions that ask you to show your working or
calculations or the steps you took to arrive at your answers, may have marks deducted if
such information is not provided. If a question requires you to submit a graphic (e.g. a
screenshot or a diagram), the graphic must have sufficient resolution to show all its
details clearly and be of a reasonable size for familiar reader viewing, with all or any text
within the graphic being legible and readable, in order to be marked.
First Name:_________________________ Last Name:____________________________
Student ID: __________________________
Your Answers Mark
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Question 1: (3 marks) 3
a) GIVEN IP ADDRESS: 157.150.38.25/27
N . N. H. H
DEFAULT SUBNET MASK: 255.255.0.0
BITS: NETWORK HOST
16 BITS 16 BITS
-> NETWORK ADDRESS: 157.150.38.25 (Network address is the
first Network of subnet)
PREFIX: 27
8bits+ 8bits+ 8bits+ 8bits = 32-27 =5
1
mark
each
item,
total 3

b)
c)
2^5=32. There will be total 32 address.
->LAST ADDRESS : 157.150.38.56 (Last address will be the last
address of subnet)
DIRECT BROADCAST ADDRESS : 157.150.38.57 (Broadcast
address will be next address after last address which we find in the
previous part)
HOST ADDRESSES:
2^5 =32-2 = 30 Host addresses.
There are 30 host addresses. Beacuse 32-2 means one is network
address and one is broadcast address. So 30 host addresses.
Question 2: (8 marks) 8
GIVEN ADDRESS: 172.38.216.22/25
N. N. H. H
DEFAULT SUBNET MASK: 255.255.0.0
PREFIX : 25
BITS: NETWORK HOST
16 BITS 16 BITS
CALCULATIONS: TOTAL = 32 BITS.
32 BITS - PREFIX:
32 BITS - 25= 7
TOTAL NO OF ADDRESSES: 2^7 = 128 TOTAL
ADDRESSES.
6

Means there will be 128 total addresses.
Out of which we will make six subnets.
3 SUBNETS ( 32 addresses each)
2^5= 32 addresses.
NEW PREFIX = 32-5 =27
(i)< 172.38.216.22/27--------- 172.38.216.53/27>
(ii)< 172.38.216.54/27--------- 172.38.216.85/27>
(iii)< 172.38.216.86/27------ 172.38.216.117/27>
SUBNET MASK CALCULATION:
Default subnet mask: 255.255.0.0
New subnet mask =Total no. of bits - New Prefix
32 - 27
= 5
= 255 -5
= 250
NEW SUBNET MASK: 255.255.250.0
1 SUBNET ( 16 addresses )
2^4 = 16 addresses.
NEW PREFIX = 32- 4 =28.
<172.38.216.118/28------- 172.38.216.133/28>
SUBNET MASK CALCULATION:
Default subnet mask: 255.255.0.0
New subnet mask =Total no. of bits - New Prefix
32 - 28

= 4
= 255 -4
= 251
NEW SUBNET MASK: 255.255.251.0
2 Subnets(8 addresses each )
2^3 =8 addresses.
NEW PREFIX = 32-3 =29.
172.38.216.134/29------ 172.38.216.141/29>
< 172.38.216.142/29-------- 172.38.216.149/29
SUBNET MASK CALCULATION:
Default subnet mask: 255.255.0.0
New subnet mask =Total no. of bits - New Prefix
32 - 29
= 3
= 255 -3
= 252
NEW SUBNET MASK: 255.255.252.0
Calculations: First address, total addresses, prefixes
3 SUBNETS:
(i) First Address: 172.38.216.22 (First address of the host of 1st
subnet)
2

(ii) First Address: 172.38.216.54 ( First address of the host of 2nd
subnet)
(iii) First Address: 172.38.216.86 (First address if the host of 3rd
subnet)
Total Addresses: 32 + 32 + 32 = 96 addresses
NEW PREFIX CALCULATION: =TOTAL BITS - 5
= 32 - 5
= 27.
1 SUBNET:
First Address: 172.38.216.118 (First address of the host with 1 subnet)
Total Addresses: 16 (As there are total 16 addresses)
NEW PREFIX CALCULATION : = TOTAL BITS - 4
= 32 - 4
= 28.
2 SUBNETS:
(i) First Address: 172.38.216.134( First address of host of 1st subnet)
(ii) First Address: 172.38.216.142 (First address of host of 2nd subnet)
Total Addresses: 8 + 8 =16 ( As there are two subnets with 8
addresses each)
NEW PREFIX CALCULATION= TOTAL BITS - 3
= 32 - 3
= 29.
Question 3: (4 marks) 4
3
A
i
Wireshark:
When talk about the Wireshark, it is an open- source, free network
protocol analyser. Whenever we want to see want is happening into our
network at microscopic level then we will use this software. It is now
2

using in many government agencies and educational institutions.
We will now take a look on the features of Wireshark:
-> it inspects very deeply about the protocols running and hundred
which are being added continuously.
-> We don't need any internet service to use this software.
-> It is a packet browser.
-> It is cross-platform software and can run on every operating
systems.
-> Its captured network data can be viewed via a GUI or via the TTY-
mode TShark utility.
-> It has very rich VoIP analysis.
-> We can add any compressed file into it and it can show the results.
-> Live data can be read from Ethernet.
-> Coloring rules can be applied to the packet list for quick, intuitive
analysis.
-> It's given output can be converted into plain text.

Frame 5 (1 mark): At frame 5 the connection is from Client to server as
they are using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and client wants
to access the server. The ACK value here is 1.

ii
Frames 446 – 447 (1 mark): When we go at frame 446 its source is
Asustekc and its destination is canon. They are using Address
resolution protocal (ARP) and source is asking from the destination
(10.0.0.22) that who has the address 10.0.0.69, means source want to
go there. Since now they are at frame 447 and they are using ARP
protocal and then the asking port gets a reply from 10.0.0.22 that
10.0.0.69 is present at 88:87:17:7d:a2:9b physical address.

3
B
Route print Definition:
Whenever we talk about the routing table, it is the essential part of any
windows, and whenever you want to see what is the routing table then
you have to go to the command prompt (CMD) by just typing cmd in
your windows search bar and then the black screen of command
prompt will open and after that you have to type the command "
ROUTE PRINT" and then you can analyze the result which this
command will show.
It is used to view and manipulate the Ip routing table. It shows all the
details of the networks, their ip addresses, subnet masks and their
default gateway.
1

The network destination column shows Network destination of the
route.It can be an IP network Address. Netmask consists of 32-bit
address and it is use to a network into subnets. Gateway shows the
way out from any network, the traffic is coming must need to pass to
this gateway. Interface showing the address of which port from which
traffic is flowing at that time. The metric holds the integer value which
ranges from 1 to 9999 and which is used to find the fastest, reliable and
least expensive routes.
3
C
IPCONFIG:
As the word suggest it is used to configure the ip addresses. It is the
command which we can not used on all operating systems. As there is
a little bit difference on the commands which is used on different
1

operating systems.
The same happens with this command. If you want to show the results
of this command then go to the windows search bar and then type
CMD and then the black color screen will open. You have to write
IPCONFIG here and then the result will show. This command is used
to show all the current TCP/IP network configuration values and it will
refreshes DHCP and domain name settings, etc.
There is a difference between IPCONFIG and IFCONFIG. IPCONFIG
is used in windows operating system whereas, IFCONFIG command in
used in unix type operating system.