Comprehensive Guide to Networking: Subnets, Security & Components

This presentation provides a comprehensive guide to networking, focusing on key aspects such as network subnets, network component specifications, and network troubleshooting. It begins by defining networking as a group of interconnected computing devices used for communication, data processing, and sharing, highlighting the use of local area networks (LANs) in schools. The presentation details the importance of network subnets for improving performance, reducing congestion, boosting security, controlling network growth, and easing administration. It includes subnet tables with specific IP addresses, host address ranges, broadcast addresses, and subnet masks for various subnets (A, B, C, and router connections). Furthermore, the presentation specifies network components like the NetGear FA312 network interface card, network cables, switches, and routers, outlining their features and standards. Finally, it addresses network troubleshooting, including resetting router usernames and passwords, avoiding access to specific sites, and improving network security through complex passwords, secure backups, firewalls, spam filtering, phishing blocking, virus protection, malware blocking, and intrusion detection software.

Guide to Networking

Networking
 Group of interconnected computing devices
for communication and data processing and
sharing.
 School uses local area network which means
devices uses the shared communication
channel or wireless link with server.

Network subnet
 Three subnets:
 A- computer lab with 25 computers
 B- Admin office with 4 computers, one network
server, one database server= 7 devices
 C- management office with 3 devices
 Subnet is required to
 Improve performance and speed
 Reduce network congestions
 Boost security
 Control network growth
 Ease administration

Network diagram

Subnet tables
 IP: 201.150.0.0
 Subnet A (25 computers)
Subnet ID 201.150.0.0
Host address range 201.150.0.1 – 201.150.0.30
Broadcast address 201.150.0.31
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224

Subnet B and C
Subnet ID 201.150.0.32
Host address range 201.150.0.33 – 201.150.0.46
Broadcast address 201.150.0.47
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240
Subnet ID 201.150.0.48
Host address range 201.150.0.49 – 201.150.0.54
Broadcast address 201.150.0.55
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248

Subnet for router connections
Subnet ID 201.150.0.56
Host address range 201.150.0.57 – 201.150.0.58
Broadcast address 201.150.0.59
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252
2 routers in each subnet
Subnet ID 201.150.0.60
Host address range 201.150.0.61 – 201.150.0.62
Broadcast address 201.150.0.63
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252

 Subnet F: 2 routers
Subnet ID 201.150.0.64
Host address range 201.150.0.65 – 201.150.0.66
Broadcast address 201.150.0.67
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252

Network component specification
 NetGear FA312 – Network interface card
Feature Description
Ports 10/100 Ethernet
Cabling type Ethernet 100Base-TX, Ethernet 10Base-T
Interface (Bus) Type PCI (full duplex capability)
Type Network adapter
Connectivity technology Wired
Data link protocol Ethernet, Fast Ethernet
Compliant standards IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u
Ports Qty 1
Data transfer rate 100 Mbps
Status indicator Port status, collision status, port
transmission speed, port duplex mode
Connector type RJ-45

 Network cable
Standard Cable type Segment
length
Connector Topology IEEE
Standards
100Base TX Cat 5 UTP 100 meters RJ – 45 Physical star 802.3u

Switch
Feature Description
Ports ●24 RJ-45 connectors for 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX
●Four10BASE-T/100BASE-X/1000BASE-T with 2
Gigabit combo ports
Cabling type Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Category 5 or better for
10BASE-T/100BASE-TX, UTP Category 5 Ethernet or
better for 1000BASE-T
Switching capacity Up to 12.8 Gbps, nonblocking
Compliant
standards
● 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet, 802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast
Ethernet and 802.3ab 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet,
802.3z Gigabit Ethernet
● 802.3x flow control, 802.3ad LACP, 802.3af Power
over Ethernet (PoE) and 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol
● 802.1Q/p VLAN, 802.1w Rapid STP, 802.1s Multiple
STP
● 802.1X port access authentication
Power 100–240V AC, 50–60 Hz,

Router
Feature Description
Connectivity Technology Wired, wireless
Data Link Protocol 802.11 Super G, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet,
IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g
Wireless Protocol 802.11 Super G, 802.11b/g
Routing Protocol IGMP, RIP-2, static IP routing
Switching Protocol  Ethernet
Remote Management Protocol HTTP
Communication Mode  Full-duplex, half-duplex
Data Transfer Rate 108 Mbps
Interface Ethernet 10Base-T/100Base-TX
Connector Type RJ-45
Compliant Standards IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.1x,
IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, UPnP, Wi-Fi
CERTIFIED

Network troubleshooting
 How do I reset router username and
password?
 Reset the router through default factory settings
by inserting a pin inside the router reset hole
 Use default password: admin
 Save changes and implement trough restart

 How to avoid access to specific sites?
 Meeting with employees to make changes in
company Internet access policy
 Open browser of company computer
 Select internet options -> Content -> approved
sites
 Enter website address and set Never option
 Use password to lock setting

 How can I improve the network security?
 Complex passwords
 Secure back up plan
 Network protection through:
 Firewalls
 spam filtering
 phishing blocking
 virus protection
 malware blocking
 intrusion detection software