Electrical Engineering: Networking and Subnetting Assignment

This document presents a detailed solution to a networking assignment focusing on IP addressing and subnetting concepts. The solution begins with an analysis of a Class A IP address, determining the number of usable host addresses and available networks. It then delves into subnetting, calculating the CIDR and subnet mask changes required for four subnets. For each subnet, the solution identifies the first and last usable IPv4 addresses. The assignment also addresses the number of unallocated addresses in each subnet. The document includes references to relevant networking literature, providing a comprehensive understanding of the concepts discussed.

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Networking

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Contents
Networking............................................................................................................................................1
Question 1.............................................................................................................................................3
Question 2.............................................................................................................................................4
Question 3.............................................................................................................................................5
References.............................................................................................................................................6

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Question 1
IP address- 10.0.0.0
Subnet Mask-255.0.0.0
As given in the question the IP address is 10.0.0.0 therefore the address belongs to class A
Class A= Network.Host.Host.Host
= 10.0.0.0
=255.0.0.0
Therefore, 255.0.0.0= 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000
No. of host addresses available= 2x
X= number of zeroes
Therefore, 224=16,777,216
But as two of the numbers are not used to address hosts therefore,
No. of usable host addresses= 224-2
=16,777,214
As the decimal range of Class A is 1-126. Therefore, no. of networks available are= 27-2
=126
For a private IP address, the address range of Class A is 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
There would be four special addresses because the Class A has /8 prefix.
The special addresses would be,
10.0.0.0 = Private-Use Networks
14.0.0.0=Public Data Network
24.0.0.0= Cable TV networks

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39.0.0.0= Already reserved
Question 2
The default CIDR of class A is /8. But as we have four subnets therefore we will be including
2 bits from the host part to the network part. As a result the CIDR will change to /10 and the
subnet mask are changed to 255.192.0.0.
The two bits which are added to the network part are in four possible values i.e. 00, 01, 10
and 11.
As the maximum hosts are required in subnet 2 therefore,
For subnet 2,
The network address=10.0.0.0 i.e. 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000
Hence, the first IPv4 address= 10.0.0.1 i.e. 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000001
The last IPv4 address=10.0.3.254 i.e. 00001010.00111111.11111111.11111110
Here, we will use 10 zeroes in our subnet mask hence the subnet mask is 255.255.252.0
therefore, the CIDR will be the number of 1’s.
Hence CIDR= 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
= /22
For subnet 1,
The first IPv4 address=10.0.4.1 i.e. 00001010.00000000.00000100.00000001
The last IPv4 address= 10.0.4.254 i.e. 00001010.00000000.00000100.11111110
Here we will use 8 zeroes in our subnet mask hence, the subnet mask is, 255.255.255.0 hence
CIDR= /24.
For subnet 3,
The first IPv4 address=10.0.5.1 i.e. 00001010.00000000.00000101.00000001
The last IPv4 address=10.0.5.254 i.e. 00001010.00000000.00000101.11111110

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For this we will use 8 zeroes in our subnet mask hence, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
Therefore, CIDR=/24
For subnet 4,
The first IPv4 address=10.0.6.1
The last IPv4 address=10.0.6.126
For this we will use 9 zeroes in our subnet mask hence the subnet mask is 255.255.255.128
Therefore, CIDR=/25
Question 3
The addresses left unallocated are:
For subnet 2= 62 addresses
For subnet 1=44 addresses
For subnet 3=104addresses
For subnet 4=55 addresses

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References
[1]T. Lammle, Subnetting. USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2017.
[2]D. Lowe, Networking all-in-one desk reference for dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2008.