Human Neuroanatomy & Physiology: Neural Pathways and Reflexes Homework

This homework assignment focuses on neuroanatomy and physiology, exploring functional types of neurons, neural pathways, and reflexes. It includes questions related to identifying structures in diagrams of the nervous system, such as sympathetic pathways, locations of post-ganglionic cell bodies, and specific parts of the spinal cord. The assignment also covers the functional classification of neurons, neural pathways like the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway, and cranial nerves. Questions pertain to identifying the types of sensory information processed in different brain lobes, neural tissue types, and specific nerve fiber types involved in reflexes. The homework also addresses the vestibulocochlear and hypoglossal nerves, and innervation of muscles. Desklib offers students access to similar solved assignments and past papers for further study.

Figure 1, functional types of neurons and the location of their cell bodies in the grey matter
of the nervous system
( numbers 1 – 4 represent the structures below them between the organ and the CNS)
Q1) Identify which structure on the diagram would be found between sensory and motor
neurons:
Answer: D, 5, 6, B, C,9,7,E,A,8 ?
E
Q2) which number represents a sympathetic pathway?
Answer: 4, 3, 1, 2 ?
3
Q3)For the sympathetic pathway identified in question 2 , where is the post-ganglionic cell
body located?
Answer: 5, E,D,C,8,9,A,7,B,6 ?
9
Q4) From the list of names, select the correct name for structure 7
Answer: ventral horn, parasympathetic ganglia, cranial nerve ganglia, lateral horn,
sympathetic ganglia, dorsal root ganglion, dorsal horn?
Ventral horn
Q5) Which neurons release norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter?
Answer: post ganglionic parasympathetic, pre ganglionic sympathetic, GSE, post ganglionic
sympathetic, pre ganglionic parasympathetic?
Post ganglionic sympathetic neurons
Q6) which neuron on the diagram would be classified as a GSA neuron?
Answer: C, 9,7,6,E,8,B,A,D,5 ?
9
Q7) Name ONE pathway that has the functional classification of neurons from question 6?
Answer: Lateral corticospinal, lateral spinothalamic, dorsal column – medial Lemniscal?
dorsal column – medial Lemniscal
Q8) Select the functional classification of neuron B
Answer: GVA, SVA, SSA, GSA, GSE, GVE ?
GVE
Q9) Name a pathway that has the functional classification of neurons in question 8:
Answer: Lateral Corticospinal, Lateral spinothalamic, Dorsal column medial lemniscal?
Lateral spinothalamic
Q10) Identify which structure on the diagram would contain the cell body of a neuron that
will carry information from the skin to the brain:
Answer: E, D, 6,5,C,A,8, 9,B,7 ?
9
Figure 2: A diagram showing a neural pathway, use this diagram to answer questions 11 – 20

Q11) Select the name as specifically as possible of structure 10:
Answer: spinal cord, first order neuron, second order neuron, cerebral hemisphere, third
order neuron?
Third order neuron
Q12) select the name as specifically as possible of structure 11:
Answer: spinal cord, cerebral hemisphere, second order neuron, cerebellum, brainstem,
third order neuron, first order neuron?
Cerebral hemisphere
Q13) select the correct description of the location of structure 12:
Answer: white matter of the spinal cord, dorsal horn of the spinal cord, subarachnoid space,
grey matter of the spinal cord, lateral horn of the spinal cord, ventral horn of the spinal
cord?
Grey matter in the spinal cord
Q14) select the name as specifically as possible of the location where structure 13 would be
found:
Answer: sympathetic ganglion, white matter of the spinal cord, dorsal horn of the spinal
cord, trigeminal ganglion, dorsal root ganglion, lateral horn of the spinal cord, ventral horn
of the spinal cord, parasympathetic ganglion?
Lateral horn of the spinal cord
Q15) Which functional type of neuron is labelled as structure 14?
Answer: GVE, GSA, Special afferent, interneuron, GSE?
GSA
Q16) Select the name of the pathway shown on figure 2:
Answer: lateral corticospinal pathway, general motor pathway, Dorsal column medial
lemniscal pathway, anterior corticospinal pathway, lateral spinothalamic pathway?
Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
Q17) Indicate as specifically as possible where the pathway shown in figure 2 terminates:
Answer: special sensory cortex, pre motor cortex, cortex, somatosensory cortex, sensory
cortex ?
Somatosensory cortex
Q18) For the neural pathway drawn in figure 2 what type of information would be carried?
Answer: proprioception, crude touch pressure and body sense/prorioception, discriminative
touch pain and body sense/propricoception, pain and temperature, discriminative touch
pressure and body sense/proprioception, subconscious proprioception, crude touch and
pressure?
crude touch pressure and body sense/prorioception
Q19) where does the neural pathway drawn in figure 2 decussate?
Answer: in the dorsal root ganglion, in the brainstem, in the spinal cord, as it leaves the
receptor, cerebral hemispheres, in the medulla oblongata?

Spinal cord
Q20) For the neural pathway drawn in figure 2 what body part is receiving the stimulus?
Answer: The primary somatosensory cortex, the foot, the primary motor cortex, the
cerebellum, the torso specifically the back ?
The foot
Figure 3 , Transverse section through the head from the insight database, use this figure to
answer questions 21 – 25
Q21) Select the type of structure 16
Answer: fibrous cartilage, loose connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue, Epithelial
tissue, Reticular connective tissue, hyaline cartilage ?
hyaline cartilage
Q22) For the LOBE of the brain indicated by label 17, what type of sensory information
would be processed in this lobe :
Answer: smell, vision, hearing, balance, general somatosensory information, taste ?
smell
Q23) what nerve TYPE would receive sensory information and send it to the lobe of the
brain referred to in question 22 :
Answer; GVA, SSA, GSA, GSE, SVE ?
GSA
Q24) What type of neural tissue is found in the area indicated by label 15:
Answer: pia mater, dura mater, grey matter, arachnoid mater, white matter, schwann cells ?
Pia mater
Q25) What part of neurons are found in the neural tissue indicated by label 15:
Answer: Cell body, dendrites, synaptic cleft, synapse, axon ?
dendrites
Figure 4 , section of the spinal cord and associated peripheral nervous system structures ,
use this figure to answer questions 26 – 35
Q26) what specific type of neural pathway is shown in figure 4:
Answer: stretch reflex, withdrawal reflex, crossed extensor reflex, reflex arc, abdominal
reflex ?
Reflex arc
Q27) select the functional nerve fibre type for the green neurone which is traveling through
the dorsal root:
Answer: GSA, GSE, GVE, SSA, Interneuron, GVA ?
GSA
Q28) select the functional nerve type for neuron travelling in structure B :
Answer: Interneuron, GVA,GSA,GSE,SSA ?
GSE
Q29) Which part of the peripheral nervous system is indicated by label A:

Answer: Ventral root, ventral root ganglion, dorsal root, dorsal primary ramus, spinal nerve,
ventral primary ramus, dorsal root ganglion ?
Dorsal primary ramus
Q30) which part of the peripheral nervous system is indicated by label B:
Answer: ventral root, dorsal root ganglion, spinal nerve, ventral root ganglion, dorsal root ?
Ventral root
Q31) which ramus are both neurons travelling in:
Answer: lateral, inferior, dorsal, superior, ventral ?
Ventral ramus
Q32) What is the specific name of the tissue that would immediately cover the spinal cord
as indicated by arrow c :
Answer: connective tissue, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater, meninges ?
Pia mater
Q33) Select the name of structure D :
Answer: ventral root ganglion, parasympathetic ganglia, sympathetic ganglia,
parasympathetic trunk, sympathetic trunk?
Sympathetic ganglia
Q34) select the name of the type of cell bodies found in structure D :
Answer: post ganglionic parasympathetic, post ganglionic sympathetic, pre ganglionic
parasympathetic, somatic sensory, somatic motor, pre ganglionic sympathetic?
Pre and post ganglionic sympathetic
Q36) which 2 spinal segments supply sensory innervation to the skin over the patella:
Answer: L3 and L4, L4 and L5, L2 and L3, L1 and L2, L5 and S1 ?
L3 and L4
Q37) the following question may have one or more correct answers, select the combination
of answers that is best: The vestibulocochlear nerve :
Answer: has special sensory nerve fibers travelling in it, is associated with balance, carries
sensory information for hearing, is also known as cranial nerve VII
Is associated with balance and carries sensory information for hearing
Q38) is the hypoglossal nerve a purely sensory, mainly motor or mixed nerve:
Answer: mainly motor, purely sensory, mixed?
Mainly motor
Q39) Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication:
Answer: hypoglossal, abducens, accessory, trigeminal, facial ?
Facial nerve
Q40) which of the following nerve fibre types would be only found in a muscular branch of a
peripheral nerve:
Answer: GVA, GSE, GSA,GVE ?
GVE

References:
Carter, R. (2014). The human brain book. Penguin.
Mai, J. K., Majtanik, M., & Paxinos, G. (2015). Atlas of the human brain. Academic Press.