Analyzing Immigration: Causes, Effects, and the New Zealand Case Study

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of immigration, focusing on the historical case of New Zealand. It begins by defining immigration and then delves into the reasons behind the emigration of New Zealand citizens to Australia in the 1880s, primarily due to economic depression and lack of employment opportunities. The essay explores the various aspects of immigration, including the impact on culture, the positive and negative economic effects, and the distinction between legal and illegal immigration. It also examines the role of government policies, the challenges faced by immigrants, and the impact of immigration on the global economy, including discussions of terrorism and the impact of immigration on the United States. The conclusion summarizes the findings, emphasizing the importance of controlled immigration for positive outcomes.

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Immigration can be defined as the process of movement of people from one place to
another at international level and taking the citizenship of another country forever (Immigration,
2019). Th reasons for shifting form one country to another can be different from person to
person. The following assignment will also focus on the concept of immigration by making use
of a case study due to which the citizens of New Zealand left the country for ever and shifted to
Australia (Alesina, Miano and Stantcheva, 2018). Various aspects related to immigration will
also be discussed in this assignment and their critical evaluation regarding the reason behind the
immigration will also be discussed.
MAIN BODY
In 1840, New Zealand was declared as a part of British Colony UK. Due to depression
situation in New Zealand in 1880s, thousands of people in the country were become unemployed
due to this situation. They also put this concern in front of Queen Victoria who was ruler of that
country at the time of occurring the incident but unfortunately they did not find any resolution
from them also about the ongoing concern. Due to this reason many people (around thousands)
left the country forever and settled down in Australia. This recession in New Zealand caused
thousands of people to left the country within a decade. At that time, immigration was not a big
issue. People were free to move from one country to another one without having their travel
documents with them, only passports were needed to make the process of immigration possible.
This kind of situation was in New Zealand at the time when immigration was made. With this
scenario it is clear that due to lack of employment opportunities available in New Zealand it
made the people to change their country as food and shelter are the most important things which
every individual wants to fulfil. But in New Zealand it was also not possible to fulfil these basic
requirements by the citizens of the country. So lack of employment opportunities is also a reason
for the immigration of the people (Chomsky, 2018).
However taking a look upon the culture of a country this situation creates a bad effect as
moving of people from one country causes diminishing the diversity of the cultures of a country.
The traditions, cultures, beliefs of that country are effected very badly with this kind of situation.
It also have a positive effect on people who are moving from one place to another. This process
enhances the standard of living of person as now they will get work and make possible to fulfil
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their basic needs. The rules and regulation related to going to another country were also not
much strong as are in the today's world. The effect on this recession was so long as around 10%
of the total population of New Zealand was shifted from to New Zealand to Australia till 1990s.
These incidents create abolishes the culture and diversity of the native country. It is also not easy
to adopt easily with the changing environment as in different countries the rules and regulations
of working are different. So they have to follow and work according to the rules and regulations
provided of that country. Like the people who immigrated from New Zealand to Australia now
have to follow the rules and regulations of Australia as their own country (Clemens, Lewis and
Postel, 2018).
While immigration if it is managed properly and flexibly, than it could bring
opportunities for economic growth of the country and will create severe rise in GDP of that
country. Development due to immigration can also be possible as some countries facing working
issues due to lack of human resources and that will be fulfilled by immigration so in this way it
can contribute towards the growth and development of the country. One factor which will help in
determining the growth of country related to immigration can be increase in the prices of good
and services in a country. However, increase in prices of good and services always do not relate
to inflation. Sometimes increase in prices also shows the growth and development of the country
as after certain period of time, the income of citizens of a country increases this causes a relative
increase in the prices of the products and services of the country which show its development.
Immigration is not only impacting negatively on the society but it also have some positive points
which helps in the growth and development of the economy. It makes improvement in the
knowledge of an individual and also provides an insight about the different cultures, traditions
followed by the people of different countries. Countries with low barriers to immigrate can make
good relations to the people of other countries as it shows trust and faith on the people of those
countries which are coming in the native country for their own purposes. Immigration is often
seen as a act of courage as living abroad can be daunting for a newcomer as he is exposed to new
culture and traditions. It also make changes in their living style and also makes them to adjust for
their old beliefs to new beliefs (Crush and Williams, 2018).
Sometimes immigrants also have to face many problems and the foremost is about the
pain of leaving their family alone and they also faced discrimination for their employers in other
countries such as underemployment, unemployment, abuse, not getting enough support for the
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government of the country in which they are living, getting criticised by society and this all
happens because they are seen as minority group and this separation can also cause anxiety and
finding a better job is also a challenge for them. Immigration is also of two types which is legal
and illegal immigration (Loyal, 2018). Legal Immigration can be defined as the immigration
which is done considering the rules and regulations laid down the government of both the
countries which makes the whole process legal. On the other hand illegal immigration can be
defined as the migration of people into a different country in those ways which do not take into
consideration about the rules and regulations laid down by the country and those individuals so
not have any legal right to remain in the country. So in order to understand the negative
sentiments which are attached to with illegal immigrants, it is important to know about the place
from where they had come from. This can make others to think about the illegal immigration and
can also cause a sense of bothering to the citizens of native country.
In these cases there are also some chances of theft of identity, loss of jobs for the persons
who came to work in other countries and can also potential exposure to criminal activities which
can be made by illegal immigrants. However the thinking goes to criminal activities in case of
illegal immigration. US also consists of people who came from different places of the world such
as England, Ireland, Italy, China, Mexico, Germany and many other countries but at that time
there were no such boundaries which can make to restrict the flow of people from one country to
another. The immigration of these people has contributed in increase in the population of citizens
living in UK. Immigration has also put several good impacts on the economy as the individuals
doing business in that country enhances the growth and development of the country It is because
they pay taxes to the government for the business they are carrying over in that country (Ousey
and Kubrin, 2018).
Immigration if not done in a controllable way will slaughter down the country's economy. Some
of the immigrations can prove to be right for the country as everyone do not come with the same
motive or it can be said that the motive of immigration cannot be same for all individuals as
some of them also come for bad motives which can cause terrorist attacks into the country and
can harm the society. So it is also necessary for the government to make their policies good
enough so that they may have information about each and every individual coming from his
home country to the native country. He should have sufficient reasons to immigrate. Immigration
is truly a helpful policy for every country to make the country and their citizens free from any
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external risk that can rise because of bad intentions of some individuals. As unchecking of
immigration can cause heavy burden on the economy of a country (Peterson, 2018).
Since the members of a house prefers less to share their homes with foreigners unless
they perform unpleasant domestic tasks so it also becomes difficult for the immigrants to find a
place for their stay in the new country. Immigrants are driven by a strong work ethic and an
appreciation of values of a country. So the rules and regulations made by country must also
considers all the factors that considers about all the information of the persons who are going off
and coming in the country. Further immigration is also considered as good because the provides
the country with pool of labours, skills and knowledge which will help in earning good profit and
will ensure longer survival of the company. The relative cheapness and increased ease of travel
compounded by the informations to a large extent in the recent decades. For example, the origin
of illegal immigration in United States was undocumented and was coming from Mexico. In the
past two decades also the immigration policies of this country is less meaningful on the issue of
immigration. So illegal immigration will overpopulate the country and will damage the culture,
economy and environment of the country (Philbin and et. al., 2018). The main reason behind
strengthening the policies related to immigration of people from one country to another is due to
increase in the terrorist attacks in different parts of the world. That is why there has been a severe
increase in the concern given by the government on the flow of people from one country to
another country. This step taken by different countries has reduced the level of terrorist activities
to much extent.
CONCLUSION
From the above assignment it is concluded that immigration in New Zealand occurred as
the country was lacking behind in providing employment opportunities to their citizens and the
country was also passing from a condition of severe depression. This situation was the reason of
immigration in New Zealand. Further it is also concluded that immigration is only when it is
appreciated in controllable ways and will also bring positive results. Controlled immigration is
with out a doubt the way to go on.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alesina, A., Miano, A. and Stantcheva, S., 2018. Immigration and redistribution (No. w24733).
National Bureau of Economic Research.
Chomsky, A., 2018. " They take our jobs!": and 20 other myths about immigration. Beacon
Press.
Clemens, M. A., Lewis, E. G. and Postel, H. M., 2018. Immigration restrictions as active labor
market policy: Evidence from the mexican bracero exclusion. American Economic
Review. 108(6., pp.1468-87.
Crush, J. and Williams, V., 2018. Making up the numbers: Measuring “illegal immigration” to
South Africa.
Loyal, S., 2018. Welcome to the Celtic Tiger: racism, immigration and the state. In The end of
Irish history?. Manchester University Press.
Ousey, G. C. and Kubrin, C. E., 2018. Immigration and crime: Assessing a contentious issue.
Annual Review of Criminology. 1. pp.63-84.
Peterson, A., 2018. Neo-sectarianism and rainbow coalitions: youth and the drama of
immigration in contemporary Sweden. Routledge.
Philbin, M. M. and et. al., 2018. State-level immigration and immigrant-focused policies as
drivers of Latino health disparities in the United States. Social Science & Medicine. 199.
pp.29-38.
Poutvaara, P. and Steinhardt, M. F., 2018. Bitterness in life and attitudes towards immigration.
European Journal of Political Economy. 55. pp.471-490.
Schuck, P., 2018. Citizens, strangers, and in-betweens: Essays on immigration and citizenship.
Routledge.
Online
Immigration. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.britannica.com/topic/immigration>
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