NGS Technology: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Breast Cancer

This report discusses how Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has significantly enhanced our understanding of breast cancer. NGS has facilitated the discovery of new breast cancer cell types through sequencing tumor samples and revealing mutated genetic factors that lead to the deregulation of critical pathways. The technology has enabled the identification of somatic gene alterations in the breast cancer genome, distinguishing between driver and passenger mutations. Furthermore, NGS has improved genetic screening, leading to earlier and more accurate diagnoses, which in turn supports personalized treatment plans. By providing high-resolution DNA sequencing, NGS has promoted a deeper understanding of genetic variations that contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, cell growth, and migration, overcoming the limitations of traditional histopathological grading systems. The integration of NGS machines in hospitals has empowered physicians with early diagnosis alternatives and has opened new avenues for breast cancer study through detailed characterization of the cancer epigenome and genome.

NGS TECHNOLOGY
How has NGS technology Enhanced our understanding on Breast Cancer
Student’s Name
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NGS has promoted our knowledge
regarding the new breast cancer cells
 NGS technology has through the sequencing of breast growths has
exposed the presence of new breast cancer cells
 Though the genes are not regularly mutated, the mutated genetic
factors from diverse patients are convened into deregulation of
comparable pathways.

NGS has revealed alteration in the
somatic cells in the breast cancer genome
 By sequencing the germline DNA together with tumor, the technology
may expose somatic gene alteration in the breast cancer genome.
 The variations in somatic genes can be classified into two.
 First, the changes can be classified according to their role in the
disease, as a passenger or driver mutation. Driver mutations results
into the development of breast cancer tumors (Rajendran and Deng,
2017).
 secondly, the somatic cells might be classified as a product of
genomic instability of the tumor.

NGS has promoted assessment, diagnostics
and development of genetic screening
 Early detection of breast cancer can be achieved by genetic testing.
 This enables clinicians to make informed decisions regarding the
disease prognosis and also helps the patient to prepare for
personalized treatment.

NGS has enabled practitioners to read DNA with
very high resolutions thus promoting
understanding of such genetic make-ups.
 NGS enables massive parallel sequencing of billions of strands of DNA
and enables one to read DNA sequence with very high resolution.
 NGS is very informative in the sense that one can detect changes at
the base level or detect large breaks in the DNA.

NGS has promoted understanding of genetic
variations that results to tumorigenesis,
metastasis, cell growth, and migration.
 Absence of consistency and predictability of response to mainstream
chemotherapy which is essential for classification of breast cancer
tumors was a fundamental issue with the traditional histopathological
grading system (TNM, Nottingham).
 Such unpredictability and inconsistency is brought about by
heterogeneity of both intra and inter-tumor that makes the breast
cancer cells to behave not only unpredictably but also differently
(Garattini, Nerini, and D’Incalci, 2017).
 However, this issue has been settled through NGS technology

NGS provides guidelines on the
diagnosis of breast cancer
 NGS machines have become common in hospitals with cancer
patients as the technology empowers physicians to best treat their
patients through provision of early diagnosis alternatives (Petric et,
al., 2015).
 Most medical practitioners may mess up with the diagnosis of vital
diseases such as breast cancer
 However, the information provided by the NGS technology significant
in enhancing procedural understanding of the diagnosis process
 Furthermore, the information provided through the NGS technology
has introduced opportunities for explosive breast cancer study
through the detailed characterization of the cancer epigenome and
genome (Verigos and Magklara, 2015).

References
 Rajendran, B. & Deng, C. (2017). Characterization of potential driver
mutations involved in human breast cancer by computational
approaches [online]. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5564847/
 Verigos, J. and Magklara, A. (2015). Revealing the complexity of
Breast Cancer by Next Generation Sequencing [online]. Retrieved
from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695885/
 Garattini, S., Nerini I., and D’Incalci M. (2017). Not only tumor but also
therapy heterogeity [online]. Retrieved from: https://
academic.oup.com/annonc/article/29/1/13/4460100
 Petric, R. C., Pop, L. A., Jurj, A., Raduly, L., Dumitrascu, D., Dragos, N.,
& Neagoe, I. B. (2015). Next generation sequencing applications for
breast cancer research. Clujul medical, 88(3), 278. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4632883/