This report offers an in-depth analysis of the supply chain activities within Nigeria's downstream oil and gas industry. It begins with an overview of the oil and gas sector in Nigeria, emphasizing the significance of supply chain management (SCM) within the industry. The research delves into the SCM framework, challenges, and strategies specific to the Nigerian context. The methodology employed is secondary data analysis, drawing from company reports, articles, and websites. The report examines the downstream sector, covering communication, transportation, refining, and distribution. It identifies key supply chain issues and proposes strategies for improvement. Furthermore, it includes case studies of Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron Nigeria Limited, and Exxon Mobil to illustrate logistics practices and their impact on efficiency and profitability. The report aims to bridge the gap between organizational theories and supply chain management practices, offering recommendations for future research and practical improvements in the industry.