NSC2500 Report: Non Hormonal Cancer, Pharmacology and Treatment

This report provides a detailed overview of non-hormonal cancer, with a specific focus on triple-negative breast cancer. It begins with an introduction to the topic, clarifying that this type of cancer is not fueled by hormones. The report then delves into the general physiology, highlighting the roles of hormones, epidermal growth factor, homeostasis, and energy balance, including the impact of leptin and adinopectin levels, and the role of the LPIN1 gene. The pathophysiology section examines visceral and brain metastasis, cellular fibrosis, and mutations in the p53 gene. The pharmacology section focuses on Adriamycin, detailing its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and route of administration. The report also covers indications, contraindications, precautions, side effects, and the relevance of the topic to nursing practice. The conclusion summarizes the key points, emphasizing the prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer and the use of Adriamycin as the primary drug of choice. Finally, the report includes a list of relevant references.

Cancer
(Non
hormonal)
NAME OF THE STUDENT:
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY:

Introduction
▪ Non hormonal cancer is not fueled by
hormones like estrogen and
progesterone.
▪ There is no role of the HER protein in
cancer.
▪ The most common type of non hormonal
cancer is triple negative breast cancer.
▪ Almost 10-20 % of the cancers are triple
negative breast cancers (Gross et al.,
2014).

General Physiology
Estrog
en
Proges
terone
Hormo
ne
Epider
mal
Growth
Factor

Homeostasis and Energy Balance
▪ Increased leptin levels and decreased
levels of adinopectin lead to an
imbalance in homeostatsis.
▪ The LPIN1 gene encoding lipin-1 is a
phosphatic acid phosphatase which
plays a role in energy balance through
the disruption of the phosphate bonds.
Regulation of Lipin-1 helps in the
maintainance of endoplasmic reticulum
homeostasis (Fan et al., 2015).

Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Non-
hormonal cancer
Visceral
metastasis
Cellular
fibrosis
proliferation
Mutations in
the p53 gene.
Brain
metastasis

Pharmacology
Drug of choice for TNBC – Adriamycin
Mechanism of action
( pharmacodynamics)
• They cause intercalation, strand breakage of
DNA.
• It inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase II.
Pharmacokinetics
• It undergoes one electron and two electron
reduction through doxorubicin semiquinol
reaction.
• The metabolites are deoxaglycone and
hydroxyaglycone (Fox et al., 2015).

Pharmacology
Route of administration
• Administration of doxorubicin is done through an
intravenous injection through peripheral venous
line.
• The drug is given through a continuous infusion of
catheter central line (Swarnakar, Thanki & Jain,
2015).
Indications, contraindications,
precautions and side effects
• Side effects are eye redness, weight loss, diarrhea,
back pain .
• Anxiety, depression, dyspnea, gastritis, abdominal
pain (1—2%)

Relevance to practice
Oncology nurses play an pivotal role in the
control of cancers through effective nursing
care plan and interventions.
Nurses would assess the physical and
emotional status of the patient along with
the practice of health nurses (Rodin et al.,
2015).

Conclusions
1.
2.
Triple negative breast cancer as an
example of non hormonal cancer has
a wide prevalence over the world as
major respiratory disorder. Women
who are middle aged are mainly
affected.
Adriamycin is the main drug of
choice for TNBC. It is mainly taken
intravenously and the side effects
associated with it are weight loss,
eye redness, diarrhea, back pain

References
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Fan, Y., Ding, X., Wang, J., Ma, F., Yuan, P., Li, Q., ... & Xu, B. (2015). Decreased serum HDL at initial diagnosis correlates with worse
outcomes for triple-negative breast cancer but not non-TNBCs. The International journal of biological markers, 30(2), 200-207.
doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000143
Fox, E., Widemann, B. C., Pastakia, D., Chen, C. C., Yang, S. X., Cole, D., & Balis, F. M. (2015). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
study of tariquidar (XR9576), a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, in combination with doxorubicin, vinorelbine, or docetaxel in children and
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10.1007/s00280-015-2845-1
Gross, M. I., Demo, S. D., Dennison, J. B., Chen, L., Chernov-Rogan, T., Goyal, B., ... & MacKinnon, A. L. (2014). Antitumor activity of the
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Hill, J., & Hodsdon, W. (2014). In utero exposure and breast cancer development: an epigenetic perspective. Journal of Environmental
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Rodin, D., Balboni, M., Mitchell, C., Smith, P. T., VanderWeele, T. J., & Balboni, T. A. (2015). Whose role? Oncology practitioners’ perceptions of their role in
providing spiritual care to advanced cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23(9), 2543-2550. doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2611-2
Swarnakar, N. K., Thanki, K., & Jain, S. (2014). Enhanced antitumor efficacy and counterfeited cardiotoxicity of combinatorial oral therapy
using Doxorubicin-and Coenzyme Q10-liquid crystalline nanoparticles in comparison with intravenous Adriamycin. Nanomedicine:
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Wahba, H. A., & El-Hadaad, H. A. (2015). Current approaches in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer biology &
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THANK