Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interface Survey: Healthcare Applications

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SURVEY
Noninvasive brain-computer interface based
on Neurable approach in Health care

Survey
1. Daly, JJ and Huggins, JE 2015, ‘Brain-computer interface: current and emerging
rehabilitation applications’, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 96(3), pp.S1-
S7.
According to this research paper BCI, Brain Computer Interface is a term which is known for
detecting brain activity signals and then translate them for getting output so the output can be
used to enhance, improve, update, restore the regular brain signals. This enhancement will help
user to interact between the brain and external activities or environment. If he BCI term will be
simplified than it can be called as creating multiple and new kind of outputs from the signals of
brain. The BCI is further divided into two categories, one is implantable and second is invasive.
2. Hsu, WY 2017, ‘Brain–computer interface connected to telemedicine and telecommunication
in virtual reality applications’, Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), pp.224-238.
This research paper explains the applications of Brain Computer Interface in the sector of
Telemedicine (Health Care) and Telecommunication by using Virtual Reality. The main
objective of this research is to improve the interaction of Human with machines, computer
system or with other humans by using the Virtual Reality. If a person is physically disabled then
he can convey his message to anyone through his brain signals. There are some specific
algorithms will be used in this approach like Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. This research
proves that this approach is far way better than other approaches for communication in health
care industry.
3. Schalk, G and Allison, BZ 2018, ‘Noninvasive Brain–Computer Interfaces’,
In Neuromodulation (pp. 357-377). Academic Press.
This book and its research explain an overview of translation of the brain signals using
Noninvasive type of Brain Computer Interfaces. These translated signals will be used for
replacing, enhancing, restoring and improving the functions of a human brain. The brain signals
can be used to control real life objects so that it can help the physically disabled humans. This
technique can mainly help to Nervous system disorder defected people so they can connect to the
real life with their senses or brain activity. This paper is basically dedicated to the one of most
dedicated purpose of BCI among the four purposes.

4. Cooney, C Folli, R and Coyle, D 2018, ‘Neurolinguistics Research Advancing Development
of a Direct-Speech Brain-Computer Interface’, iScience, 8, p.103.
This research is based on Direct Speech method Of Brain Computer Interface which detects the
signals related to the imagined speech and then process it to create an output in form of linguistic
output which is basically in form of sentences and words. The research done before this showed
great impact of direct speech as the linguistics of neuro system helped in enhancing and
improving the translating approaches by including other experimental procedures and semantics.
This literature supports a new and different cross-disciplinary approach for direct speech brain
computer interface which includes many neurologists’ concepts.
5. Rayan, Z Alfonse, M and Salem, ABM 2019, ‘Machine Learning Approaches in Smart
Health’, Procedia Computer Science, 154, pp.361-368.
This research paper is all about improving the health services by emerging new technologies in
health care sectors and its different applications. All the things are being smart with the use of
information technology. There are many machine learning techniques which are in trend and the
applications of them are being increased day by day to improve health care services and the
complicated health problems and diseases. This paper provides many different applications of
machine learning and approaches and the results of applying these approaches. This application
gave high performance in most of the cases in health sector.
6. Guan, J 2019, ‘Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine: Promises, Ethical
Challenges and Governance’, Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, 34(2), pp.76-83.
This paper is based on Artificial Intelligence applications and its applications into various
sectors. Artificial intelligence is being rapidly spreading technology in different sectors specially
health care because it has ability to transform the problems into solutions and most of the times it
has capability to create human substitutes at the place a human. If a technology is growing so
rapidly then it is confirmed that it will attract the legal concerns towards it. This technology has
great potential and applications so it has to be more trustworthy for the people who are using it.
This is a global framework and as well as some special guidelines for the health sector.

7. Zhang, Y Zhang, X Sun, H Fan, Z and Zhong, X 2019, ‘Portable brain-computer interface
based on novel convolutional neural network’, Computers in biology and medicine, 107,
pp.248-256.
This research can be summarized into two categories: A dry electrode, which acts as novel and
portable and the Brain Computer Interface (Wireless System). In this category a powerful
noninvasive tool is being introduced name Electroencephalography (EEG). It is able to provide
the high resolution to the activities of brain. Second one is an algorithm based on neural network
and its classification. EEG is basically a method that is used to detect the electrical activities in
the brain through the electrodes. In this the electrodes will be placed on scalp of the human
being.
8. Fallani, FDV and Bassett, DS 2019, ‘Network neuroscience for optimizing brain-computer
interfaces’, Physics of life reviews.
In today’s world the interaction with machines of human is being so much increased that there
are lots of creative and alternative ways which will help in communication and also improving
the daily life activities. When the signals are detected from the user’s neural activities, Brain
Computer Interface allows a direct interaction with the environment which is externally present
there and without informing the other human internal interaction system. With the emerging
technology there will be a number of challenges which can impact the system and users.
9. Techtransfer 2019, Neurable approaches launch with noninvasive brain-computer interface
– Office of Technology Transfer – University of Michigan, viewed 8 August, 2019,
<https://techtransfer.umich.edu/stories/neurable-approaches-launch-with-noninvasive-brain-
computer-interface/>.
This is an online article about the invention and first approach for neurable technology. This is a
startup by the people of University of Michigan. This startup is tied up with Brain Computer
Interface for commercialization which is developed at Direct Brain Interface Lab. The founders
of the company said that the neurable system consists a headpiece with in-built sensors for the
human brain to communicate the brain activities or signals with the computer interface which is
using artificial intelligence and have a proper ability to interact. For example, a human think of
moving the Wheel Chair then he can do with the help of this without moving his hands.

10. Geospatial World 2019, Neurable and Trimble collaborates to introduce brain-computer
interface (BCI) technology, viewed 8 August, 2019,
<https://www.geospatialworld.net/news/neurable-and-trimble-collaborates-to-introduce-
brain-computer-interface-bci-technology/>.
This article has the information about the collaboration of Neurable and Trimble with the Brain
Computer Interface technology. This collaboration is done to improve the solutions in some
domains like architecture, transportation, construction and engineering. These companies are
sharing same vision for the neurable technology. This technology can basically provide hands
free and voice free interaction and movements with the rich experiences. This will be a new way
to transform the way of communication and interaction with Artificial Intelligence and machines.