Nova Cosmetics System Analysis and Design Project for AI Course

This project undertakes a comprehensive system analysis and design for Nova Cosmetics, a wholesaler of cosmetic products. It begins by evaluating different software development models, including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Evolutionary Prototyping, Spiral, and Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), ultimately recommending DSDM as the most suitable approach. The project then delves into the advantages of a computerized system for Nova Cosmetics, such as reduced storage space, enhanced security, improved regulatory compliance, easier retrieval, better collaboration, and advanced backup and recovery capabilities. Furthermore, the project includes visual representations like a Level 0 Data Flow Diagram, a Level 1 Data Flow diagram, an Entity Relationship Diagram, and an Entity Life History Diagram to illustrate the system's structure and processes. The analysis emphasizes the benefits of the DSDM model in the context of Nova Cosmetics' operational requirements, change management, and budgetary constraints, highlighting its flexibility and the importance of documentation at each stage. The project explores the impact of system implementation on various aspects, including data security, compliance, and operational efficiency.

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Nova Cosmetics System analysis and Design
Student Name
Professor’s Name
Institution
Location of Institution
Date

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Table of Contents
1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Question One.........................................................................................................................4
1.2 Question Two.......................................................................................................................11
1.2.1 Reduced storage space..................................................................................................11
1.2.2 Enhanced security.........................................................................................................11
1.2.3 Improved compliance to the regulatory........................................................................11
1.2.4 Easier retrieval..............................................................................................................12
1.2.5 Better collaboration......................................................................................................12
1.2.6 Provides advanced backup and recovery......................................................................13
1.3 Question Three.....................................................................................................................18
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................22
References.....................................................................................................................................24

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List of Figures
Figure 1: Level 0 Data Flow Diagram...........................................................................................18
Figure 2: Nova Data Flow (Level 1) diagram...............................................................................19
Figure 3: Entity Relationship Diagram for Nova Cosmetics.........................................................20
Figure 4: Entity Life History Diagram..........................................................................................21

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1 Introduction
The Nova cosmetics wholesaler is tasked with the day to day operations in the provision of the
cosmetics orders to the private retail chemists. The operations at some extent can be considered
as a tiresome process since all the activities are much more unlike in comparisons of an
automated system. Due to this, therefore, the cosmetics shop is required to make internal changes
in their system. This system analysis and the design process involves a series of the phases in the
life cycle for any given system, (Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa, 2018). These phases provide an
understanding which is common for the development process based on the understanding of the
business requirements. This paper ought to bring forth the discussion on the transition of the
systems to a development of a well-organized computerized system.
1.1 Question One
a)
a) Waterfall model- the waterfall model was the first to be introduced in the software
development system majorly referred to as the linear-sequential life cycle for the model.
Of all the models of software development, this seems to be the simplest to use and
comes along with a brief and clear understanding. In this type of model, each and every
phase must be completed first before the beginning of the next phase hence ensuring that
there is no phase overlapping (Houston, Mackulak and Collofello, 2011).
Advantages
i. Waterfall model is indeed easy and very simple to use and for understanding
ii. With its rigidity, it can be easily managed
iii. Does not allow overlapping

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Disadvantage
i. Does not allow the developer to refer back to some other level once at the testing
stage
ii. A sample software cannot be produced along the way
iii. Involves a lot of risks
From the above said advantages and disadvantages, we can conclude that this model is
not fit for the development of an object-oriented projects. This is because of the of the
fact that all the requirements must be listed first before commencing the process.
b) V-Shaped model- this involves a sequential V-shape manner in which the process is
executed in the software development life cycle. The most common practice done here is
the verification and the validation process. The fact that is has a V shape, it because of
the fact that it results from the waterfall model based on the testing association phase for
every stage that corresponds to the whole software development life cycle stage
(Rajagopalan, 2014).
Advantages
i. Very simple to understand and use
ii. Before coding, one is able to test
iii. Defects can be dealt with at an earlier stage
Disadvantage
i. Less flexible
ii. Does not allow production of earlier prototypes

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iii. Requires updates to the test documents in case of any change
Having mentioned the that the V-shaped model lacks the production of the prototypes, it
possesses a higher risk when developing a project since there is a higher chance that the
end user expectations could not be met hence not best for the development of an object-
oriented project.
c) Evolutionary prototyping model- this is the model that involves construction of the
prototype done by the development team or the individual developer which is first sent to
the customers and later on after getting a feedback, the developer team should once again
produce a series of prototype which is basically an improvement of the previous until the
final stage of the software development is attained.
Advantages
i. Room to updating requirements
ii. Less initial operating time
iii. Facilitates feedback since the software is produced earlier
Disadvantage
i. Only suitable for large projects
ii. More complexity in management
iii. Risks must be analyzed first before progressing
Generally, the Evolutionary model is fit for large projects hence the best model for use in
the development of large projects in the object oriented

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d) Spiral method- this spiral model that looks like the incremental having more emphasis on
the section of the analysis part for all the risk involved. This model has its own phase
namely; the phase dealing with the planning process, the analysis of the risks, phase for
the engineering and the evaluation phase. During the implementation, any software
project is passed through the iteration phases in a repeated manner. All this involves the
spiral rotation from the planning phase at the baseline spiral to the later stages ending
with the gathering and the assessment of the risk.
Advantages of the spiral model.
i. Enhances the risk avoidance from the fact that it involves high amount of risk
analysis.
ii. It is the best for the large and the mission-critical projects.
iii. It has a Strong control for the approval and the documentation.
Disadvantage
i. Very expensive model
ii. For well analyzed risk, there must be an expert
iii. It does not benefit those with smaller projects
This model is the best for the object-oriented projects, risky projects are well analyzed via the
use of the spiral model, every complex requirement is regularly updated to ensure production
of a lasting software project.

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e) Dynamic Systems Development Method.
This is the agile methodology that attempts to prioritize the time frame and the quality of the
software unlike the overall functionality of the system. The requirements are tracked
regularly hence providing room for formalization of the reports at any instance of the project
development. The most unique factor associated with this kind of methodology is the fact
that it considers both the conditions after the development process and the follow up post-
development activities as compared to the other methodologies.
Advantages
i. This model offers the developer the independent processes
ii. All the customers and other stakeholders are being incorporated to the process of the
software development
iii. All the expectations are acted on from the beginning of the program until the final
level of development.
Disadvantages
i. Users must be involved hence making it tiresome at some times the users are not
willing to take part
ii. Reference materials could be costly to access
iii. Skilled personnel is required
The generation of the reports on a regular basis provides an opportunity for assessment and
advances to new levels of software development. This in line with the gathered resources allow
the development team to carry out a software development process without fear of any kind
hence favorable for development of an object-oriented project.

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b) For the Nova cosmetics, the best model to use during the development is the dynamic systems
development method (DSDM), one of the agile methodologies model since it allows the user to
first complete each phase before proceeding to the next level of operation in the form of spirals.
It involves the following stages;
i. Identification and feasibility- The essential stage incorporates understanding what
ought to be structure and what is its ability, reason et cetera. Here, the points of interest
of the data and yield or the last thing are pondered and checked. This involves the
requirements both for units, subsystems and the overall system requirements. Here the
final user must be identified.
ii. System design- this is the process where the developer does the actual coding of the
program. The output of the system is designed leading to the overall understanding of
what exactly is expected before the deployment of the whole system (Gronbaek et al.,
2017). The developers and the entire team assemble all the gathered requirements so
that real coding takes place. The logical design of the modules starts at the baseline of
the overall spiral.
iii. Construction- this is the process where the team bring the requirements and the design
in question into a real working program. The developed software is now installed on
the final end user’s machines to allow other activities to be carried out on the same.
The proposed system is now installed physically in the computers by the team of
developers involving the coding team or rather the programmers, the designers, for
instance the interface designers and the specialist in the development. The computer
code is turned to a working program at this stage of spiral model. Every build comes
along with its own version number.

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iv. Implementation, Evaluation and risk analysis-this is another step in which all the minor
units are combined together then tested as a whole working team. It involves the
combinations of all the modules of the system and tested all at once as one group
(Modarres, Kaminskiy and Krivtsov, 2016). The item organized, necessities to
encounter reliable programming testing to see whether there are any defect or mix-ups.
Testing is done all things considered that the client does not go up against any issue in
the midst of the foundation of the item. Every customer is asked to provide a feedback
based on the version given.
c) The development of this Nova cosmetics system will fit its development in the DSDM model
basing its operations in the internal and the external factors. Given this explanation we can
conclude that the Nova business operations falls in the following situations;
a) The requirements for all the operations are all well documented, displayed in a clear
manner and has its managerial activities well fixed.
b) The definition of their products
c) It is all stable and they are all aware of the technological operations.
d) The product under study requires more expertise and the resources are ample.
e) The Nova projects involves a lot of constraints to the budget hence fit for spiral
modelling.
f) Changes are significant all through the process.
All these well said, the Dynamic Systems Development Method outdo the other models for the
development of the Nova cosmetics allows the control and the departmentalization of the whole
work (Lopez, 2017). This timeline management allows the users to easily understand the whole
operation with just a simple explanation. Other benefit being realized is the model rigidity where

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every phase can be reviewed and its deliverables well understood. The whole operation is
processed at each time and the developer is able to see the stages clearly. Finally, the
documentation for the results are well arranged in every stage (Calina, Calina and Buzatu, 2015).
1.2 Question Two
a)
1.2.1 Reduced storage space
The cost for all the properties in a Business operation tend to rise up high with the increase in the
paper archive kept within the department. The implementation of the system under consideration
will help a lot in the reduction of the cost for the organization team. With the fact that the
system will keep track of all the documents in the organization, more and more space will be
created. This will allow the management team to get to know which records should be kept
electronically and those that must be kept with the printouts, this will allow them have a small
record kept unlike keeping everything in the store (Okolocha and Baba, 2017).
1.2.2 Enhanced security
Every record in a system should be well secured for every platform. With the database system, a
well generated report is displayed from the powerful database. Various gatherings should be
accessed with all the records. Every record being kept in the archive is tracked based on the day
they were created, the manner in which it could be altered (Kiang and Lee, 2018). Overseen
archives are exceptionally traceable and can be labeled to consider mechanized cautions
1.2.3 Improved compliance to the regulatory
Some situations like the consistency of the prerequisites is really perplexing especially to some
specific reports. Some of the failures will lead to the fines, licenses being repudiated hence
leading to a risk in the criminal section (Gunningham, 2017). Through this initiative, some

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government rules are put in place so that all the activities of any given organization are well
managed and as expected by the rule of law. Having a database management system will reduce
this rebellious danger because new plans for maintaining the records can to a far much level be
mechanized and effectively put together in one location.
1.2.4 Easier retrieval
With the manual system, the retrieval of the information is much tedious. With the fact that time
is money, the time taken to search for a particular article should be very limited in order to
maximize the profits. With the new proposed system in place, the measurements will be
distributed in a delineating many to reduce the cost of production and especially in the search for
the documents. For the Nova cosmetics, the new computerized system will aid much in the
efficiency of the operations. Other than this retrieval, the database management system proposed
will also be of great importance in the actualization of the contingent documents (Courbieres,
Roux and Berthou, 2016). The records will be easily retrieved and also could be stored in the
remote storage which will aid in the association with the web applications. The archives can be
retrieved easily at anyplace and at any given time.
1.2.5 Better collaboration
Another benefit that can be realized from the se of this new proposed system is the collaboration
where information can be easily shared among the users and also the significance of the
collaboration will greatly increase. Information from the archives can be retrieved from any
given place without the restriction from any personnel. With an internet connection information
can be shared easily by the use of the email. Database Management System provides a prominent
business perceivability in a form that allows better work check hence permitting the outer clients
to get the approval for the services they are carrying out (Dreier, 2015). The feature of the

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version control allows the database to seasonally report the recuperation if need be for the
renditions. With this well said, then the system will be of importance to the clients in the creation
of the team work.
1.2.6 Provides advanced backup and recovery
Any report organization game plan should join a data fortification and calamity recovery plan.
With cutting edge recording as a fortification, paper reports are protected from fire and flood and
diverse disasters. With a DMS, records are exceedingly traceable and can be pursued inside an
extent of criteria. Moreover, in light of the way that imaged records are most of the way secured
they can't be lost or lost resulting to audit (Hicks, 2017). Reports are less disposed to be misfiled,
and if so they are less complex to arrange with cross-requesting. Records can be digitized and
documented at their motivation of section into the system.
b) To identify the business need for the proposed system you will need to create a set of survey
questions that you can give to the relevant stakeholders (users) – this will be used as evidence,
that this is a worthwhile problem worth solving.
1) Write six (6) open type questions.
Question one
Suppose you are appointed the software team leader or a member. How would you
recommend this software to your family members or your friends?
Question two

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From the use of the software, what will you conclude about the software reliability
compared with the manual system in use in the Nova cosmetics wholesalers?
Question three
To what extend do you get satisfied with the security feature of the system? Briefly explain
to us.
Question four
Explain to use the satisfaction you get from the integration of the software in question with
other software.

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Question five
What can you say about the look and the feel of the developed software?
Question six
Do you have any thoughts our best we can improve this software?
2) Write six (6) closed type questions.
Question one
How long have you been a customer of our company?
a) Less than six months
b) Six months to a year
c) 1-2 years
d) More than 2 years

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e) I am not a customer
Question two
How likely is it that you would recommend the software to a friend or a colleague?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question three
Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with introduction of the new software?
a) Very satisfied
b) Somewhat satisfied
c) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
d) Somewhat dissatisfied
e) Very dissatisfied
Question four
Which of the following words would you use to describe the output as a result of the
introduction of the system? Select all that apply.
a) Reliable
b) High quality
c) Useful
d) Unique
e) Overpriced
f) Impractical
g) Ineffective

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h) Poor quality
Question five
How would you rate the quality of service for the newly introduced system?
a) Very high quality
b) High quality
c) Neither high nor low quality
d) Low quality
e) Very low quality
Question six
Do you have any other comments, questions, or concerns?

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1.3 Question Three
a)
1) Level 0 (Context) Diagram
Figure 1: Level 0 Data Flow Diagram

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3) Level 1 Dataflow Diagram (Level 1 DFD) (20%)
Figure 2: Nova Data Flow (Level 1) diagram
The assumption made in the above diagram is that the whole system involves the flow of
information from the customer at the lower end, through the system, the managers updates as
required then a request is sent to the cosmetics suppliers.

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b)
1) Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD).
Figure 3: Entity Relationship Diagram for Nova Cosmetics
The relationships displayed are one-to-many and many-to-one for instance, taking the entity staff
and the product entity, one staff can check, add or remove many products from the stock that is
one to many relationship while product to staff shows many to one relationship.

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2) Entity Life History Diagram (ELH) (for this part only, map the part of scenario that deals with
the “Retail Chemist” entity). (20%)
Figure 4: Entity Life History Diagram
c) From the design of the Nova cosmetics computerized system, we can conclude that the human
execution and the coordination of the framework will never come out to be the best in structure
except if considered by all the stakeholders to be the vital pieces for all the software building
process from the investigation phase of the software through the utilization of the operational
section until the final stage of development (Gunarathne and Kumarasiri, 2017). From the
Context diagram, we can interpret that the main stakeholders in the Nova collection revolves
around the customers, manufacturers, the Bank, the Managers and the Staff members. The
manager is responsible for the generation of the reports an update all the requests as sent by the
customers. The supporting staff are validated before using the system, their main duty being
approval of the orders. Manufacturers on their side receives the order requests an act accordingly
by providing the cosmetics. Customers being the main factor of concern are involved in a

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number of activities ranging from registration, sending order requests, checking reservation
information and making the overall payments.
Various systems have failed in light of the way that the activity of individuals was seen as
basically after structure issues were recognized when it was past the point where it is conceivable
to reveal the kind of upgrades that were required to convey structures responsive to customers'
needs (Steele, 2016). We assume that the importance of customer necessities should begin when
the system is first being envisioned, and those requirements should continue surrendering
fundamental appraisal criteria to the time the structure is put being utilized. The nova cosmetics
computerized system has more advantages to both the staff members and the end customers. This
will greatly increase the sales and the customer satisfaction. The imposed system also needs
some a few changes to fit for the future advances.
Conclusion
Through this discussion, we can conclude that the newly developed system will be of much
importance to the Nova cosmetics shop since the tiresome process of keeping huge records in the
books. The human performance based on the hard copies of the recorded work compared to the
integration of the system shows disparity in that the human-system is far much better in
effectiveness and the efficiency (Georgsson and Staggers, 2015). Through this research paper we
get to understand the importance of consideration of the roles played by the humans in a software
design in respect to the development of a system that is well responsive to all the needs of a user.

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