Chamberlain University NR505 Research Summary Template

This document presents a research summary assignment for the NR505 course at Chamberlain University, focusing on the effectiveness of nutritional education in reducing BMI among obese elementary-aged children. The assignment utilizes a PICOT question framework to guide the literature review, which includes eight peer-reviewed research articles. Each article is summarized according to its purpose, research method, participants, data collection methods, study findings, limitations, and relevance to the PICOT question. The studies explore various interventions, including nutritional education programs, experiential cooking classes, cost-effectiveness analyses, and the integration of physical activity and social marketing campaigns. The synthesis of these articles highlights the importance of nutritional education, parental involvement, and incorporating physical activity to improve dietary practices, increase knowledge, and ultimately reduce childhood obesity. The assignment underscores the importance of evidence-based practice in healthcare and the development of effective interventions to address public health concerns.

Running head: NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 1
NR505 Research Summary Template
Name
Chamberlain University
Date

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 2
PICOT Question:
1. Designate each P I C O T:
P: obese elementary aged children
I: nutritional education
C: no nutritional education
O: reduce BMI of the obese children
T: 8 weeks
2. Write out in the PICOT sentence format:
How much will (P) obese elementary aged children benefit from (I) nutritional education,
compared to having (C) no nutritional education, in a way that will (O) reduce BMI over the
next (T) 8 weeks
Article 1
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Yin, Z., Ullevig, S. L., Sosa, E., Liang, Y., Olmstead, T., Howard, J. T., ...
& Small, S. (2019). Study protocol for a cluster randomized
controlled trial to test “¡ Míranos! Look at Us, We Are
Healthy!”–an early childhood obesity prevention program. BMC
pediatrics, 19(1), 190.
Purpose To assess effectiveness of early childhood obesity prevention program on
the school going children.
Research Method The researchers conducted three-arm cluster randomized controlled design,

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 3
Participants The study participants are 444 3-year-old children aged 2-19 years
Data Collection The data collection was done at baseline, post-intervention, as well as at the
one-year follow-up. The data analysis was done by reviewing each article
specifically. The data collection parameter was height, weight, physical
activity, sedentary behaviors and dietary intake
Study Findings The study findings suggested that face to face session of nutritional
education as a part of the education program improve BMI and motivate
parents to adhere to the intervention. The researchers also suggested that
recruitment of trained experts are to deliver the intervention
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
It has a selection as bias Head Start staff are not blinded to the treatment
and it further impacted validity of the research
Relevance to PICOT Nutritional education is fundamental component for developing health
eating practice amongst the children. In this context, providing nutritional
education to the children and parents will improve knowledge of food and
vegetable intake. It will motivate parents to assist children in developing
health dietary practice and improving academic performance.
Article 2
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Jarpe-Ratner, E., Folkens, S., Sharma, S., Daro, D., & Edens, N. K.
(2016). An experiential cooking and nutrition education program
increases cooking self-efficacy and vegetable consumption in
children in grades 3–8. Journal of nutrition education and

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 4
behavior, 48(10), 697-705.
Purpose The purpose of the research was to evaluate the impact of nutritional
education program and community based experimental cooking on
improving knowledge, reducing obesity and consumption of vegetables and
food
Research Method Quasi-experimental program assessment by survey of students as well as
their parents. The study setting was elementary as well as middle schools
presented in Chicago. The study intervention was chef-instructor–led p
educational program.
Participants Study participants were students in 3 to 8 grades including Hispanic, African
American.
Data Collection The pre and post-survey was conducted for evaluating the effectiveness of
program. The main outcome measures were changes in the knowledge of the
students regarding dietary consumption, communication to family about
healthy eating and habit of consumption of fruits and vegetable. Paired T test
was used to analyses the result.
Study Findings The study findings suggested that the experimental cooking and educational
program improves knowledge of the students regarding dietary consumption,
improve interpersonal relationship with family and improve habit of
consumption of fruits and vegetable.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
Participants were from low socioeconomic status which might not be
applicable to the students of from high low socioeconomic status. Selection

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 5
bias was also presented.
Relevance to PICOT Nutritional education is fundamental component for developing health eating
practice amongst the children. Therefore, cooking program and education
program improve home cooking, fruit and vegetable intake. It will enable
parents to prevent the childhood obesity by creating healthy home
environment for healthy eating practice, improve mood and improved
exposure to vegetables and fruits.
Article 3
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Graziose, M. M., Koch, P. A., Wang, Y. C., Gray, H. L., & Contento, I.
R. (2017). Cost-effectiveness of a nutrition education curriculum
intervention in elementary schools. Journal of nutrition education
and behavior, 49(8), 684-691.
Purpose To assess the long term efficiency of the obesity prevention nutritional
program as a part of curriculum amongst 5th public school in New York
City.
Research Method The cost effective analysis from a social perspective where effectiveness of
the intervention was based on a cluster-randomized, controlled trial
conducted in 20 public schools in between 2012-2013. The inclusion
criteria was obese students of 5th grade of public school who require
nutritional education.
Participants The fifth grade school students aged approximately 10 years.
Data Collection The data was collected through randomized controlled trial where Students'

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height, weight and BMI was measured after the intervention and before the
intervention. . Costs of application, and future medical costs were included.
The decision analytic model was used for BMI measurement.
Study Findings The finds suggested that nutrition education curriculum in elementary
schools is efficient as well as cost effective in reducing the obesity and
controlling BMI of the students.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
Lack of consideration of the comorbidities since limited information
regarding the background of the students were obtained.
Relevance to PICOT The cost effectiveness and efficiency of the nutritional program will enable
school to incorporate it as a part of the curriculum which will enable students
to improve dietary practice, involve in the physical activity and choose
healthy vegetables and fruits as a part of meal.
Article 4
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Graziose, M. M., Koch, P. A., Wang, Y. C., Gray, H. L., & Contento, I.
R. (2017). Cost-effectiveness of a nutrition education curriculum
intervention in elementary schools. Journal of nutrition education
and behavior, 49(8), 684-691.
Purpose To compare the efficiency of physical activity and nutrition intervention
program with usual program in terms of nutrition knowledge,
medication use, fitness and academic performance
Research Method Quasi-experimental with three arms was conducted in Elementary schools,
supermarket and home setting. The intervention was daily physical activity

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 7
in schoolrooms along with educational program. Additionally, program on
making healthy foods was used for controlling BMI.
Participants 1487 third-grade students of the public health school
Data Collection The data was collected by dividing total participants into three groups where
one group were allocated with standard intervention (Nutrition Detectives
(ND) program and the ABC for Fitness), second group were allocated with
enhanced intervention( SI and reinforcement) and third group did not
receive any intervention.
Study Findings The study findings suggested education along with physical activity and
reinforcement is effective compared to only nutritional education and ABC
fitness in reducing BMI, improving fitness and knowledge. It is also
effective in reducing medication use and improving academic performance.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
The study had several confounding factor as school student from one
school used as control group.
Relevance to PICOT While nutritional education is effective in reducing BMI and improving
healthy eating behavior, this article will school authority to incorporate
physically activity in addition to the nutritional education so that healthy
eating and fitness can be adopted simultaneously practice
Article 5
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Blitstein, J. L., Cates, S. C., Hersey, J., Montgomery, D., Shelley, M.,
Hradek, C., ... & Olson, S. (2016). Adding a social marketing
campaign to a school-based nutrition education program
improves children’s dietary intake: a quasi-experimental

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 8
study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(8),
1285-1294.
Purpose To evaluate influence of Iowa Nutrition Network’s school-based nutrition
education program and social media marketing on the dietary intake of the
children.
Research Method A quasi-experimental design where social media mediated school-based
nutrition education program , basic educational program were compared
with the no treatment group
Participants A total of 1,037 third-grade students of 33 elementary schools as well as
their parents
Data Collection The data was collected by dividing the participants in three groups by
allocating the interventions. Additionally self-reported questionnaire and
checklist was provided for gathering the result regarding in-home
consumption of fruits and vegetable and milk consumption. Data analyzed
using Multilevel, mixed-effect regression model
Study Findings The study findings suggested that social media mediated school based
nutritional education is effective in altering eating habits and preventing
obesity as social media campaign increase attention and engagement to the
program which resulted in improved dietary consumption and improved
knowledge.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
The data regarding food consumption at home was self-reported and hence
presented personal bias.
Relevance to PICOT While nutritional education is effective in reducing BMI and improving

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 9
healthy eating behavior, the social media marketing along with education is
effective in gaining attention and guiding parents to provide healthier food
and beverages. It also enable parents to track the eating habits of the
children.
Article 6
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Hall, E., Chai, W., & Albrecht, J. A. (2016). Evaluation of a K-2
Elementary Nutrition Education Program. Health Behavior and
Policy Review, 3(1), 70-80.
Purpose To compare behavior, nutrition associated knowledge and self-efficacy of
3rd grade student who received a School Enrichment Kit Program with the
student who did not receive program.
Research Method Survey was conducted on students of 3rd grade in an elementary school with
the assistance of school staff.
Participants A total of 191 students of3rd grade where intervention group contain 79
participants and control group contain 112 participants.
Data Collection The survey was conducted based on two group, one received the education
(n:79) and one did not received education (n:112). The group differences
was analyzed using paired T test and relationships between different
constructs were analyzed using regression analysis
Study Findings The study findings suggested intervention group who received School
Enrichment Kit nutritional Program scored higher in terms of knowledge and
consumption of vegetable in the breakfast. The girls score higher than the

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 10
boys on such improved eating practice.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
Limited demographic data since Race and ethnicity data were not
incorporated due to age of the participants.
Relevance to PICOT It is relevant to the picot as it enable teachers, nurses and parents to guide
the students in consuming vegetables in the breakfast, increasing knowledge
regarding healthy food habits and increasing self-efficacy for nutrition-
related behaviors.
Article 7
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Stage, V. C., Wilkerson, K., Hegde, A., Lisson, S., Babatunde, O. T., &
Goodell, L. S. (2018). Head Start administrator and teacher
perceptions of parental influence on preschool children’s
nutrition education. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 16(2),
160-175
Purpose To assess the role of parents and teachers on the nutritional education of the
elementary school children of public school.
Research Method The researchers conducted qualitative study on the parents and teachers
where perception of Head Start coordinators as well as teachers were
collected on the role of them in social engagement, healthy food habit and
healthy food availability.
Participants Nutrition Coordinators (n = 31) as well as teachers (n = 32).
Data Collection The semi structured interview on 63 participants (Nutrition Coordinators (n
= 31) as well as teachers (n = 32)) regarding food preference of children,

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 11
support of teacher in gaining knowledge and influence of parents in shaping
eating behavior. The interview was collected in audio format and analyzed
grounded theory approach
Study Findings The study findings suggested that parental engagement and collaboration
with teacher plays crucial role in classroom nutrition education. The
parental engagement increase engagement time with healthy food, encourage
them to alter their behavior and stabilize BMI.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
It is a qualitative study which have a personal bias and it further impacted
validity of the research
Relevance to PICOT It is relevant to the PICOT as it enable teachers, nutritional coordinator and
nurses to develop parent directed nutritional strategy, increase meal time of
the children in consuming vegetable and fruits , provide education to the
children and providing low cost healthy food to the children from socio
economic status.
Article 8
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Hall, E., Chai, W., & Albrecht, J. A. (2016). A qualitative
phenomenological exploration of teachers' experience with
nutrition education. American journal of health education, 47(3),
136-148
Purpose To explore and assess how elementary teachers illustrate their experience
with nutrition education while delivered within the classroom
Research Method The researchers conducted qualitative study by adopting a phenomenological
approach on elementary teachers regarding their perception and experience

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 12
of providing elementary teachers to the elementary students within the
classroom
Participants 10 elementary teachers who provided nutrition education to the students
Data Collection The semi structured interview, documents analysis and observation was
conducted on 10 elementary teachers to explore the experience of providing
education. Inductive coding was used for determining invariant constituents.
Study Findings The study findings suggested that the interactions of the teachers with the
students while providing education and knowledge motivate them to make
healthy choices which further reduce BMI of the students.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
It is a qualitative study which have a personal bias and it further impacted
validity of the research
Relevance to PICOT It is relevant to PICOT as it will enable health educators to work with
classroom teachers in tracking food habit of the obese children. It will enable
authority to recruit teachers who can facilitate positive engagement of the
student for improving knowledge, motivating for healthy choice and
improving understanding of education for managing childhood obesity.
Article 9
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Suiraoka, I. P., Duarsa, D. P. P., Wirawan, I. D. N., & Bakta, I. M.
(2017). Perception of parents, teachers, and nutritionist on
childhood obesity and barriers to healthy behavior: a
phenomenological study. International journal of health
sciences, 1(2), 1-11.

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 13
Purpose To assess the perception of parents and teachers regarding childhood obesity,
barriers to healthy behavior of the elementary school children of public
school.
Research Method The researchers conducted qualitative study by adopting a phenomenological
approach on parents and teachers regarding the barriers of healthy behavior
elementary school children and generated themes based on the perception.
Participants 56 participants including parents and teacher
Data Collection 7 Semi structured interview and 3 group discussion was conducted on the
parents and teachers regarding ‘relationship between weight and health’
‘‘factors influencing obesity’’ and “ barriers to the healthy behavior”
Study Findings The study findings suggested that high socioeconomic status, lack of
education, presence of certain diseases, and attraction towards sweet drinks
lack of physical activity contributed to obesity and hinder healthy behavior.
Physical activity, nutritional education and support from parents can be
improve health behavior.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
It is a qualitative study which have a personal bias and it further impacted
validity of the research
Relevance to PICOT It is relevant to PICOT as it will enable health educators and nurses to
provide parents and teachers education regarding ideal weight according to
age, appropriate food for maintaining healthy BMI. It will enable nurses to
tract weight of the children and design dietary requirement according to it.
Article 10

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 14
Full reference for
article (APA Format)
Jia, P., Xue, H., Cheng, X., & Wang, Y. (2019). Effects of school
neighborhood food environments on childhood obesity at
multiple scales: a longitudinal kindergarten cohort study in the
USA. BMC medicine, 17(1), 99.
Purpose To assess the role of school neighborhood food environments in childhood
obesity
Research Method US nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study was
conducted by researchers where cohort data of 7530 kindergarteners were
incorporated in between 1998 - 2007.
Participants 7530 kindergarteners
Data Collection The data was collected using Dun and Bradstreet commercial dataset from
11 types of food outlet and other urban outlets.
Study Findings The findings suggested that food environment around schools play crucial in
subjected children to childhood obesity risk. Therefore, it is crucial to
develop and reform positive food environment around schools for improving
BMI of the children.
Limitations (State why
the limitations)
Limited classification of classification of food venues since limited number
of children with vast choice of the food out late.
Relevance to PICOT It is relevant to PICOT as it will enable nurses to provide parents and
teachers education regarding ideal weight according to age, collaborate
with the school to limit the consumption so that childhood obesity can be

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 15
prevented.

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References:
Blitstein, J. L., Cates, S. C., Hersey, J., Montgomery, D., Shelley, M., Hradek, C., ... & Olson, S.
(2016). Adding a social marketing campaign to a school-based nutrition education
program improves children’s dietary intake: a quasi-experimental study. Journal of the
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(8), 1285-1294.
Graziose, M. M., Koch, P. A., Wang, Y. C., Gray, H. L., & Contento, I. R. (2017). Cost-
effectiveness of a nutrition education curriculum intervention in elementary
schools. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 49(8), 684-691.
Hall, E., Chai, W., & Albrecht, J. A. (2016). A qualitative phenomenological exploration of
teachers' experience with nutrition education. American journal of health
education, 47(3), 136-148.
Hall, E., Chai, W., & Albrecht, J. A. (2016). Evaluation of a K-2 Elementary Nutrition Education
Program. Health Behavior and Policy Review, 3(1), 70-80.
Jarpe-Ratner, E., Folkens, S., Sharma, S., Daro, D., & Edens, N. K. (2016). An experiential
cooking and nutrition education program increases cooking self-efficacy and vegetable
consumption in children in grades 3–8. Journal of nutrition education and
behavior, 48(10), 697-705.
Jia, P., Xue, H., Cheng, X., & Wang, Y. (2019). Effects of school neighborhood food
environments on childhood obesity at multiple scales: a longitudinal kindergarten cohort
study in the USA. BMC medicine, 17(1), 99.

NR505 RESEARCH SUMMARY TEMPLATE 17
Stage, V. C., Wilkerson, K., Hegde, A., Lisson, S., Babatunde, O. T., & Goodell, L. S. (2018).
Head Start administrator and teacher perceptions of parental influence on preschool
children’s nutrition education. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 16(2), 160-175.
Suiraoka, I. P., Duarsa, D. P. P., Wirawan, I. D. N., & Bakta, I. M. (2017). Perception of parents,
teachers, and nutritionist on childhood obesity and barriers to healthy behavior: a
phenomenological study. International journal of health sciences, 1(2), 1-11.
Treu, J. A., Doughty, K., Reynolds, J. S., Njike, V. Y., & Katz, D. L. (2017). Advancing School
and Community Engagement Now for Disease Prevention (ASCEND) a quasi-
experimental trial of school-based interventions to prevent childhood obesity. American
Journal of Health Promotion, 31(2), 143-152.
Yin, Z., Ullevig, S. L., Sosa, E., Liang, Y., Olmstead, T., Howard, J. T., ... & Small, S. (2019).
Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial to test “¡ Míranos! Look at Us,
We Are Healthy!”–an early childhood obesity prevention program. BMC
pediatrics, 19(1), 190.