This assignment analyzes a case study of a 60-year-old man presenting with shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms indicative of COPD, hypertension, and liver issues. The analysis begins with an introduction to concept mapping and its role in connecting ideas, followed by an examination of the patient's risk factors, primarily smoking and alcohol consumption, and how they relate to the aetiology and pathophysiology of COPD. The main body delves into the disease's pathophysiology as manifested through the patient's signs and symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain, and elevated neck veins, linking these to conditions like jugular vein distension and an enlarged liver. The assignment suggests diagnostic tests such as lung function tests and imaging, and treatment modalities including lifestyle changes and multidisciplinary care. The conclusion summarizes the key findings, emphasizing the connections between risk factors, aetiology, and treatment, and the importance of comprehensive care. References from books, journals and online resources are provided in APA 6th edition.