Investigating the Role of Nurses in Postoperative Pain Management Care

This report investigates the crucial role of nurses in postoperative pain management, highlighting the significance of their knowledge, skills, and attitudes in ensuring patient comfort and well-being. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collected through surveys and questionnaires, to understand the various strategies nurses use to manage pain in surgical wards. It explores themes such as the perception of nurses in pain management, the challenges they face, and the strategies they implement to overcome these difficulties. The report emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of pain intensity, proper administration of analgesic treatments, and the use of holistic approaches to minimize patient discomfort. Furthermore, it discusses the significance of pain assessment in determining the severity of pain and selecting appropriate analgesia dosages, while also considering potential complications such as over-sedation. The findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive care plans, effective communication with patients, and the integration of physical therapies to promote resilience and overall well-being in postoperative patients.

Role of nurses in pain
management of post-
operative patient

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION (250)..................................................................................................................2
BACKGROUND (750)....................................................................................................................2
METHODOLOGY (2000)...............................................................................................................4
PICO framework....................................................................................................................4
Keywords................................................................................................................................5
Database selected....................................................................................................................5
Search strategy........................................................................................................................6
Inclusion and exclusion criteria..............................................................................................7
Summary of the article...........................................................................................................8
FINDING (2500)...........................................................................................................................10
Theme one: Notion of nurse in pain management in post-operative patient........................10
Theme two: Challenge for nurse in pain management in post-operative patient.................12
Theme three: Nurse strategies to overcome the difficulties in pain management in post-
operative patient...................................................................................................................14
DISCUSSION (1500)....................................................................................................................16
STRENGTH AND LIMITATION................................................................................................19
CONLCUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

ABSTRACT
Pain management is defined as the aspect which is essential for the nursing among the
postoperative patient. The lack of knowledge and inappropriate attitude to the pain management
among the nurses always an issue which is analysed within the healthcare setting. There are
various of ways and strategies are used to manage the pain in the better way within the surgical
wards. Therefore, the nurses used to take the proper role and responsibilities that helpful to
control the pain and manage the uncontrolled condition among the patient who facing the issue
of pain after operative fraction. The research aims to create the understanding towards the role of
nurses to manage the pain among the post-operative patient. Moreover, the study is usually focus
on the mixed method which include qualitative and quantitative with the descriptive study
design. Data is well collect that is associated with the help of survey and questionnaire regarding
the postoperative patient for the pain management. The statistic and other graph are plotted in the
paper to generate the better understanding which is well related with the pain management within
the post-operative patient.
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INTRODUCTION (250)
The nurses used to play role in the post-operative pain management. In addition to this, the
pain medication is well prescribed which is related with the anaesthetists and the surgeon but as
per this, the wards nurses who spend more time with the patient pain intensity, show the accurate
and proper administration of analgesic treatment which help to provide the proper treatment and
monitoring with the term of efficacy (Asiri, AlBishi, AlMadani, ElMetwally, and Househ, 2018).
In addition to this, the regular monitoring of patient pain intensity which is come with the pertest
of wards showing the aspect of nurses which is well important in order to assess the standard of
the care which is usually provided and show the early detection of the treatment side effect. In
this, the new aspect of analgesic technique is properly used that require epidural analgesia that
require extensive, systematic monitoring by the term of nursing (Kamer, and Çolak, 2020). There
are enhancing interest which is showing the proper establishment which is showing the aspect
which may provide the context that close the cooperation and the participation of the nurses
which may play role to manage the condition of post-operative pain which is analyse among the
older population. In conclusion, the post-operative patient requires proper support and care
which is must show the aspect where nurses use to make proper communication and interaction
with the patient and reduce the coordination which may show the impact on the general older
people (Thompson and et. al., 2019).
BACKGROUND (750)
The patient is usually face the experience that is moderate to the severe pain that follow after
the concept of surgery. In addition, the measurement is used to taken which is orderable to treat
the pain which is present in the form of inadequate where the large number of patient is usually
experience uncontrolled pain. The pain causes various complexities where the patient may
experience the quality of life, prolong hospital stay and it help to enhance the morbidity (Joshi,
and Kehlet, 2019). In addition to this, the negative effect of the pain on the quality of life are
usually emphasises where they used to show the importance which is well related with the relief
of pain. In this, the international health organisation and various of firm assume that the pain is
usually act as the symptom of the disease and they pointed out the essential role in order to
determine the symptoms of disease. The disease usually includes the Crohn disease, Gallbladder
disease. It is also show that the disease progression also impacts the condition of the patient with
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the patient is taking the context of surgery and after that the situation is well arise. Therefore, the
postoperative care nurse is usually taking the proper responsibilities which help to make the
assess towards the patient pain, teach the patient strategies in order to make the deal with the
pain and apply the analgesic treatment which is related with the monitoring where they can show
the result of the treatment where they usually educate the patient and the family pain
management. In addition, nurses used to document the rating of pain in the term of pain rate
scale. The nurses show their knowledge and skill with the approach which is holistic in nature
which is reliable in order to manage the pain and minimise the risk of patient towards the higher
level of pain which is related with the patient discomfort (Ishimaru and et. al., 2018)
In addition, the nurse uses holistic approach of pain management to minimise and reduce the
condition which is associated with the patient to reduce their discomfort that is causes by the
postoperative period after the surgery. In this report, the management of the postoperative pain is
effective which is related with the pain level which is must be measured appropriately.
Therefore, the main goals of the pain assessment which help to determine severity of pain which
help to choose the dosage of the analgesia that is effective for the patient to reduce their
discomfort which is faced the medication which may led to other complication by causing the
over sedation (Cohen and et. al., 2019).
Pain assessment that start with the time with the admission and should be include the
assessment and they should include and assessment of the patient that show the activities of the
daily lives. It is well associated patient question which is well answer that is showing the factor
which help to control the strategies. In this, the patient questions should well answer in order to
assess the cause of the pain (Bąkowski, Bąkowska-Żywicka, and Piontek, 2020). In the post-
operative period, it is well important in order to assess the surgical trauma or the medical
complication such as acute myocardial infection. The patient usually shows the response which
is well related with the pain in the specific term which is well related with the person, pain
should have evaluated individual (Kamer, and Çolak, 2020).
Assess pain in the both at the position of the rest and movement in evaluate the patient
functional status. Take into the consideration patient self-report of the pain and implement the
proper pain scale, document the intensity, quality, location, timing and duration and prior pain
treatment and their effectiveness. In addition, the surgical post anaesthesia care unit or the other
circumstance where the pain is usually show the aspect which is intense and re-evaluate
3

frequently that show the specific for every 15 min initially, then every 1-2 h as the pain intensity
decrease or decline (Yang and et. al., 2019). Overall, pain management is well show that they
used to reduce issue of pain with the proper care plan that is well helpful to show the impact
which is free from pain and also show the report analysis which may help to outline the condition
that is based on rotational factor. The pain therapies which may physical such as use of proper
massage therapies and so on which is well productive in order to develop resilience and
wellbeing among the patient comfort.
METHODOLOGY (2000)
Methodology is defined as the aspect which is outline in order to determine the specific tool
and technique, research resign, framework, and analysis which is taken in order to collect the
data. The data and information is well collected and they are important in order to produce the
context which is related with the topic that is role of nurses in pain management of post-
operative patient. In this, the research methodology is usually focus in order to provide the
various aspect which is well show the factor which is contributed for the methodology (Birnie
and et. al., 2019).
PICO framework
The PICO framework is defined as the clinical tool which is applied in order to make
question which is reliable for the elucidation of data and their information. Therefore, the study
also focusses in order to provide the in-depth analysis. The PICO usually include population,
intervention, comparison and outcome (Jungquist and et. al., 2020).
Population The older people are usually facing the issue of
post-operative patient due to the pain. Nurses
provide pain management therapies.
Intervention The pain management therapies are responsible
for the reduction in pain among the post-
operative patient.
Comparison The medication is used when the excess of pain
is feature within the post-operative patient.
Outcome The pain management therapies and their
alternative to control the unit of pain in post-
4

operative patient which may drive the comfort
among the people.
Thus, the above design PICO framework is suitable for the topic which is analysed with the
research process. In this, the study also shows the compatible analysis with the help of question
which is related with the PIO question which is mentioned as the:
In older people, what is the role of nurses in pain management of post-operative patient in the
UK (Rostin and et. al., 2019).
Therefore, the study helps to evaluate the vital role which is well performed by the nurses
for the controlling of issue which is well related with the pain in post-operative patient.
Keywords
Role of nurse in pain management, effect of pain therapies in post-operative patient, impact
of medication in reducing pain in post-operative patient, pain management, post-operative
patient, nurse and pain management, and so on.
Database selected
The database is defined as the source which is reliable for the providing the data and
information. In this, the primary and secondary studies are used to held for the collection of data
where the databased optimise the both studies from which the appropriate study is reviewed and
data is manipulated without copying. The database is referring as the source which have millions
of article, book and journals which is useful for the researcher in order to elucidate the data and
information. The major of database which is used within the research process for the collection
and selection of data are PubMed Central, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane library and UpToDate
(Eastwood and et. al., 2019).
PubMed: The PubMed is defined as the number one of the source to the turn that is reliable
for the data collection. It is generally hosted by the National Institute of Health that is NIH and
used to provide the various of bibliographic information which is majorly include the abstract
and link that is showing the context of full text publisher website which is more than the 28
million of articles. Therefore, the derivation is also used to take which configure that the export
format is usually XML and NBIB.
EMBASE: The EMBASE is defined as the Excerpta Medica Database which is refer as the
proprietary research database which may also include in its corpus PubMed. In addition, it is
5

eligibly accessed by the other database provider which is also known as the Ovid. The coverage
is also analysed which may show the number that is about 38 million of article with the abstract
and related article with the reference which is well suitable for the topic in term of collecting and
selecting of data. In addition, the full text is also provided by the EMBASE as per the
requirement of institutional subscription to the EMBASE and individual publisher. The available
export format is RIS which is present in the context to the EMBASE (Zwakhalen and et. al.,
2018).
Cochrane library: The Cochrane library is also referring as the database which is used
within the medical research for the collect and gathering of data and information that is
associated with the topic. In this research process, the Cochrane library is deriving as the source
of database for the collection and selection of data and information. whereas, the Cochrane
library is well known for the review which is related with the systematic reviews. In addition,
there are 53 group which is around the world that help to ensure the published review of the high
quality and evidence group. The article is generally focus on the context which may show may
be updated as per time to time for the new research. The coverage is initially bounded with the
several of thousand high quality review, where the inclusion of the abstract and related article is
underlying. Therefore, the assigned export format which is showing their relevance in the
Cochrane library is RIS and BibTex (Schreier and et. al., 2019).
UpToDate: Within the research process, these database is used and at last the UpToDate
provide the review which is showing the clinical topics. Therefore, the review is well constantly
updated in order to provide the coverage is several thousand article which is showing the abstract
with the term of reference. There is no unavailability of the export formats.
Search strategy
Search strategy is useful within the research process in the term of website which is
reliable for data collection and help to optimise the collect of data with is related with the topic
which is role of nurse in pain management on post-operative patient. The data is essential for the
research and proper reliability and relevance with the research topic. The proper search strategy
which is used within the research process are PubMed, Springer Link, Medline Plus and so on
which is well suitable in order to extract the data which is related with the topic. The above
discussion is usually carried out with the help of review that is a part of data which is optimise by
the search strategy (Ashkenazy, and Ganz, 2019).
6

Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria is defined as the aspect which is help to analyse the research process
where the inclusion criteria select the design, procedure and the process which may undertake
within the research process. Whereas, the exclusion is also referring as the aspect which may
outline the aspect which is disqualify within the process of research. Within the research process,
it is well analysed that the inclusion and exclusion criteria may help to determine the research
which is conducted within the protocol or not. With the topic, the inclusion and exclusion criteria
are used to made which may show the aspect that is related with the role of nurse in pain
management of post-operative patient (Swisher and et. al., 2020).
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
 English language is mandatory which is
undertaken within the study.
 The post-operative patient is used to
undertaken within the research study.
 The patient with complication with the
pain management.
 The study is also focus on the older
people who is individually focus on the
research process which is based on the
topic.
 The primary review articles in
undertaken within the study.
 Rather than English language is not
required within the research process.
 The patient apart from the pre-operative
and other in excluded from the study.
 Cohort study and other systematic study
is not undertaken within the study.
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Summary of the article
Title Source Summary
Nurses'
Knowledge
and Attitude
towards
Postoperative
Pain
Management
in Ghana,
2020
https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g
ov/pmc/articles/
PMC7429762/
Pain is defined as the unpleasant emotional or the sensory
experience which may well associated with the actual and
potential damage which is well related with the tissue. In
addition, the study is well related with the determination of
work which help to identify the nurse knowledge and the
attitude which is effective for the postoperative pain. In
addition, the study is well focus on the support which is
provided by the concern of inadequate knowledge and the
negative attitude among the nurses which is providing proper
care and support to the people with the post-operative pain or
complication. In addition, the nurse’s knowledge and skills is
well helpful in order to control and manage the situation of
pain (Hamid, 2021).
Knowledge,
attitudes and
practices of
health
professionals
towards
postoperative
pain
management
at a referral
hospital in
Ethiopia,
2022
https://
www.sciencedirect.c
om/science/article/
pii/
S2049080121011171
In this article, the primary approach is used to taken where the
initially the discussion is used to made that is related with the
post-operative pain and their complication which is faced by
the number of people in the healthcare setting. The
postoperative is defined as the form of the acute pain
following the surgery. It is also show the result which is well
related with the procedure which is related with the skin
incision, tissue dissection, manipulation and the traction. It is
also defined as the immediate post-operative complication.
overall, the study helps to provide the approach which is non
physician anaesthetist which have good knowledge attitude
and practice towards the post-operative pain and their
management. The healthcare professional attitude and the
practice is poor.
Assessing
Knowledge
https://
www.dovepress.com
Nurses play vital role in the context of pain management. In
addition, they are about the nurse’s knowledge and attitude
8

and Attitudes
Regarding
Pain
Management
Among
Nurses
Working in a
Geriatric
Hospital in
Vietnam,
2020
/assessing-
knowledge-and-
attitudes-regarding-
pain-management-
among-nurs-peer-
reviewed-fulltext-
article-JMDH
pain which is more important that is well related with the
multidisciplinary pain service. In addition, the study has aim
which may assess the knowledge and attitude of the pain
management among the nurses which may taking their
responsibilities to manage the condition with the factor. The
nurses always provide effective care and support to the post-
operative patient for their pain which act as complication
which entail the comfort and rest. Therefore, nurses provide
adequate and proper medication and pain therapies which is
appropriate to manage the condition of pain and develop a
scenario which is conductive and may support the patient with
post-operative factor (Graves and et. al., 2019).
Knowledge
and attitudes
of nurses
toward pain
management,
2018
https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g
ov/pmc/articles/
PMC5875209/
In this article, the major of discussion is initiated with the
concept of pain control which entail the pain control which is
vitally essential for the important goals because they are
untreated pain which has detrimental effect on the patient with
the vision of hopelessness. In this, the responses are counted
and negativity which may lead to affect the quality of the life.
In addition, the post-operative patient has the common
problem which is determine as the pain in which they are
require proper support which is fulfilled by the nurses with
their knowledge and skills. As per the evaluation, the study
relevels that the nurse’s knowledge and attitude toward the
pain management is well analysed which may support the
condition and develop scenario which is effective for the
patient comfort.
Factors
Related to
Nurses’
Knowledge
and Attitudes
https://
www.sciencedirect.c
om/science/article/
pii/
S152490422030148
The pain management is directly proportional to the nurse’s
knowledge and their attitude which is associated with the
pain. The studies are limited but the major of research have
usually focus in the nurse behaviour that they take to control
and manage the situation of the pain. Therefore, the nurses in
9

Toward Pain
in Hospitals
in Low-
Income
Areas, 2021
X the country hospital of the low income areas which has shown
the deficiency with the various aspect of the pain management
knowledge. It is better to educate nurse with the higher
professional aspect or position.
A survey on
the
knowledge
and attitude
on pain
management
among
nurses
employed in
the
government
hospitals,
2020
https://
www.saudijhealthsci
.org/article.asp?
issn=2278-
0521;year=2020;vol
ume=9;issue=2;spag
e=97;epage=101;aul
ast=Panlican
The article is well focus on the common outcome which is
based on knowledge and attitude of nurses towards the pain.
There is dearth explore minute detail which is like
demographics which may help to serve as the key address the
issue. The article has the simple aim which is usually show
the aspect identify the knowledge and attitude of the staff
nurse and whether the difference exist when their
demographic profile is well considered (Johnson and et. al.,
2019).
FINDING (2500)
Theme one: Notion of nurse in pain management in post-operative patient.
In the post-operative period, patients regularly feel moderate to severe pain. However, in
nursing care, the pain management is an essential part of it. This research suggests that, in the
postoperative pain nursing management remains inadequate. The nurses of postoperative care are
responsible to evaluate the pain of patient, to deal with the pain teach strategies to the patient,
regulate the analgesic treatment strategies, analyse the results of surgical and analgesic treatment
strategies, educate the family of patient and patient on the pain management and also document
the outcomes or results of the pain management. The holistic approach of nurses to pain
management is maximizing the comfort by reduce pain in the period of postoperative after
surgery. There are different role of nurses in control of post-operative pain as like: Before the
10