Research Plan: Gender's Impact on Nurses' Stress and Haptic Behavior

This research plan explores the factors contributing to stress among nurses, particularly focusing on the impact of gender on haptic behavior in the workplace. The study aims to identify the reasons behind nurses' stress and smoking habits, examining the role of non-verbal communication and touch. The research employs a non-experimental, quantitative method using surveys and observations, with a directional hypothesis predicting significant differences in haptic behavior based on gender. Ethical considerations such as integrity and competence are addressed. The research plan outlines the selection of a sample of 200 participants, data collection methods using questionnaires, and data analysis techniques including descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. The timeframe includes background reading, methodology preparation, data collection and analysis, discussion, and conclusion writing. The study utilizes existing research and theories to investigate how haptic behavior and gender dynamics affect nurses' stress levels, with the goal of understanding the ethical implications of touch in professional settings.

Running Head: RESEARCH PLAN
psychology
[Document subtitle]

RESEARCH PLAN 1
What do I need to
know?
Sources Notes and other
questions which are
raised
Justification of
usage of resources
What aspect of NVC
is being
investigated?
The aspect of NVC
which is being
investigated is the
impact of gender on
the haptic behavior.
1. (Bartlett, D.,
1998)
2. (Ritter S.A.,
Tolchard B.
and Stewart
R. 1995)
Why doesn't people
raise their voice
against the haptic
behavior which they
do not like?
The resources help in
understanding the
impact of males and
females on the
behaviour of touch.
Are there any
relevant theories
available for this
behaviour?
The differences
between the genders
in the haptic behavior
which further causes
stress. The theories
like non-verbal
communication are
given to understand
the haptic touch
better. Further, there
are gender
differences because
of the patriarchal
society.
1. (Bartlett, D.,
1998)
2. (Fagin, L.,
Brown, D.,
Leary, J. and
Carson, J.,
1995)
Why is there a
difference in the
gender depending
mainly on the haptic
behavior?
The resources are
reliable and valid
because it gives all
the information
which is required for
my research study.

RESEARCH PLAN 2
What previous
research has already
been conducted?
The factors which
increase the stress
level of the nurses
and they get addicted
to smoking were
being researched
previously and the
theories are also
given like non-verbal
theory in order to
differentiate between
the genders towards
the haptic touch.
1. (Maslach, C.
and Jackson,
S.E., 1981)
2. (Melchior et
al., 1997)
3. (Adams, R.J.,
Moreyra,
M.R. and
Hannaford,
B., 1998)
Why does the
researchers not give
any easy measure to
cope up with stress?
The resources are
reliable and valid
because it explains all
the relevant factors
for the research
study.
TAQ 1
Background Research
A numerous number of studies were conducted in order to analyze the reasons which are
stressful for the nurses and to cope up with the stress they start smoking. The meta-analysis was
conducted by (Melchior et al., 1997) and it was observed that there is a correlation among the
satisfaction of the job, conflicts among the roles, support from the supervisor and the burnout.
Further, on the basis of the research, it was also found that the patients also have a great
influence on the nurses and this can be a risk factor which makes the nurses stressful. According

RESEARCH PLAN 3
to the (Fagin et al., 1995), it has been analyzed that the social support helps the nurses in coping
with the stress and they do not smoke like support from the superiors, colleagues and friends and
family. Further, this helps in reducing the stress level, and people would not get addict to
smoking.
Furthermore, according to the (Barlett, D 1998), the research was conducted by using the
standardized forms in order to measure the stress level of the nurses and why they get addicted to
smoking. As a result, it was found that working in the community is much more stressful for the
nurses as compared to working in the hospital. Therefore, they get addicted to smoking in order
to burn the level of the stress. From the given researchers and analysis, it has been understood
that the clinical supervision is significant in order to burnout the stress level of the nurses, and it
further encourages the creativity, and the nurses who are already addicted to smoking will be
able to quit smoking, and as a result they will be able to cope up with the stress. Further the
theory of two port network is being used to develop various conditions for the creation of
network of virtual coupling that guarantee sturdy haptic stimulation when the device of haptic
contains significant flexibility of the structure. And the theories of non-verbal communication
are being given in order to understand the signs, codes and fields of the haptic touch (Adams,
R.J., Moreyra, M.R. and Hannaford, B., 1998). Moreover, the factors of haptic touch are also
given in order to understand the differences between the genders towards the haptic touch.
TQA 2
Rationale for Proposing the Research
The rationale for proposing the research further is to extend the analysis of the previous studies
and the researches and give the main reasons for the problems and the various measures which
will help the nurses to cope up with stress with ease. The previous studies have only given the
reasons to cope up with stress and the causes of stress, but there are no actual measures or steps
which can be followed by the nurses.
Objectives of the Proposed Research

RESEARCH PLAN 4
The objective of the proposed research is to identify the reasons behind the nurses smoking and
stress and what is the impact of the gender on the haptic behavior. Further, how the haptic is used
in an ethical manner in the workplace.
PROPOSED TITLE, TOPIC AND AIMS
Assessment
criteria
1.1 Title? Reasons behind nurses smoking and stress.
1.1 The theme to
investigate?
The theme which I will be investigating is the practical
research.
1.2 Aim? To identify the reasons behind the nurses smoking and
stress and what is the impact of the gender on the haptic
behavior. Further, how the haptic is used in an ethical
manner in the workplace.
DESIGN
Assessment
criteria
2.1,2.2, 2.3 What will be the
research method and
why? Justify.
The research method will be non-experimental, and
the quantitative research technique will be used
along with the survey and observation method. This
method will be used in order to run the statistical
tests to identify the important patterns and the
differences.
Experimental/alternate
hypothesis?
There will be a significant difference between the
gender and the haptic behavior which causes stress
to the nurses.
Null hypothesis? There will be no significant difference between the

RESEARCH PLAN 5
genders towards the haptic behavior.
Is the hypothesis non-
directional/directional?
Justify.
The hypothesis will be directional because it will
not only help in predicting that whether the IV will
have an impact on the DV or not but it will also
help in predicting that the impact will be one-tailed
i.e. in one-direction.
Any EV for
consideration?
Yes, factors of standardization like the environment
and the participants and the counterbalancing which
mean that the participants should give the same
answer when asked the second time.
Any limitations which
cannot be controlled?
The absence of the correct information given by the
respondents as it will adversely impact the results.
The result might get impacted by the over sensitive
measures of the standardization.
Any ethical issues? 1. Integrity- as some of the participants don't
give accurate answers honestly.
2. Competence- as I have to keep the
information confidential because people
would share the personal issues.
PARTICIPANTS
Selection of sample? The sample will be gathered by using observational technique,
and the random sampling technique will be used to gather the
data.
A number of participants
for the statistical test?
The target will be the 200 respondents in order to get the
accurate data and run the statistical test.
The range of the
age/gender?
Age range: 28-50
No. of males: 100
Age range: 28-50
No. of females: 100
Allocation of participants? The participants will be allocated randomly to the given
conditions.

RESEARCH PLAN 6
APPARATUS/MATERIALS
How will data be
collected?
The questionnaire will be prepared which will be having 15
questions, and the survey will be conducted in order to gather the
responses.
Valid and reliable tools? It will be the reliable and valid tool because most of the
researches are being conducted on the basis of questionnaires and
further the internal reliability and construct validity will be
checked.
PROCEDURE
A place to conduct the
study?
The study will be conducted in the Great Britain.
How the study was
conducted?
The study will be conducted by circulating the questionnaires
through e-mails, social media and by personally visiting the
people.
How data was recorded
and collected?
The nominal scale will be used to collect the data, and the data
will be recorded in the Microsoft excel sheet in order to run the
statistical tests.
RESULTS
Analysis of the
descriptive data?
The measures of the central tendency i.e. mean, median and mode
will be used in order to analyze the descriptive data.
How will data be
presented?
The data will be presented in the forms of tables and the bar
graphs.
Level for collecting data
and why?
The descriptive data will be analyzed by using nominal scale/data
which is the level of measurement because it will be easy for the
respondents to answer the questions in less time.
Which statistical test will
be used and why?
The chi-square test will be used as the statistical test because it
will help in relating the collected data.

RESEARCH PLAN 7
The original aim and the research question is already simplified, and according to the previous
research and theories I would not like to change my research topic, and I am looking forward to
conducting the study on this research topic only with the same objective and aim which is given
above.
Timeframe Log
 Time required for background reading
The time which I will be needed for the background research and reading will be one week.
 Time to write references and the introduction
The time which I will be needed to write the references and the introduction will be two days.
 Time to prepare the section of methodology
The time which I will require in order to prepare the methodology section will be two days.
 Time to collect and analyze the data
The time which I will be needed in order to collect the data will be 15 days, and further, the data
can be analyzed in six days.
 Time to complete the discussion
The time which I will be needed to complete the discussion will be three days.
 Time to write abstract and conclusion
The time which I will be needed in order to write the abstract and conclusion will be one day
only.
REFERENCES
Adams, R.J., Moreyra, M.R. and Hannaford, B., 1998, November. Stability and performance of
haptic displays: Theory and experiments. In Proceedings ASME international mechanical
engineering congress and exhibition (pp. 227-234).
Bartlett, D., 1998. Stress: Perspectives and processes. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

RESEARCH PLAN 8
Fagin, L., Brown, D., Leary, J. and Carson, J., 1995. The Claybury community psychiatric nurse
stress study: is it more stressful to work in a hospital or the community?. Journal of advanced
nursing, 22(2), pp.347-358.
Maslach, C. and Jackson, S.E., 1981. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of
organisational behaviour, 2(2), pp.99-113.
Melchior, M.E.W., Bours, G.J.J.W., Schmitz, P. and Wittich, Y., 1997. Burnout in psychiatric
nursing: a meta‐analysis of related variables. Journal of psychiatric and mental health
nursing, 4(3), pp.193-201.
Ritter S.A., Tolchard B. and Stewart R. 1995. Coping with Stress in mental health nursing In
Stress and Coping in Mental Health Nursing. Chapman and Hall. London. pp.161-179.