This nursing case study focuses on a 51-year-old male patient, Darren Roberts, who underwent an open cholecystectomy and presents with potential hypovolemia due to fluid deficit and blood loss, evidenced by clinical signs such as pale, cold, and clammy skin, decreased urine output, and altered vital signs. The assignment details the surgical procedure, pre-existing conditions (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, mild depression), and current medications, highlighting the risk factors for hypovolemia. The nursing goal is to achieve a normotensive state with normal vital signs and adequate urine output. The case study outlines nursing interventions, including fluid administration (normal saline, Ringer's lactate), continuous monitoring of vital signs and fluid balance, assessment for bleeding, oxygen administration, and patient positioning. The rationale behind each intervention is explained, emphasizing the restoration of blood volume, tissue perfusion, and oxygenation. The evaluation of interventions involves monitoring the patient's vital signs, urine output, and overall clinical status, demonstrating the effectiveness of the implemented nursing care. The case study references relevant literature to support the discussed concepts and interventions.