Case Study: Principles of Nursing, Obesity, and Clinical Interventions

This case study analyzes a nursing scenario involving Mr. Joni, who is experiencing multiple health issues including obesity, hypertension, gout, acute myocardial infarction, and moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. The presentation employs the clinical reasoning cycle to assess the patient's condition, focusing on the imbalance between energy expenditure and calorie intake as the core issue. The analysis explores the pathophysiology of obesity, its implications on metabolic dysfunction and organ function, and the associated clinical manifestations. The study establishes goals for nursing interventions, including weight reduction, decreased alcohol and cigarette consumption. The implemented actions include dietary planning, encouragement of exercise, and patient education on the harmful effects of smoking and alcohol. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of nursing interventions in improving health outcomes and weight management. This case study provides a structured approach to understanding and addressing obesity within a nursing context, offering insights into practical interventions and patient care strategies.

PRINCIPLES OF
NURSING-
MEDICAL
-A case study analysis

INTRODUCTION
 Name-
 Student’s id-
 The objective of this presentation is to analyze a common health
issue in medical nursing using the clinical reasoning cycle method.
 A case study will be considered in this purpose.
 According to the identified issue, some therapeutic interventions will
be provided demonstrating the pathophysiology associated with it.

COLLECTING CUES AND
INFORMATION
 Complication- Obesity.
 According to the studies, 63.4% adults of Australia are overweight or obese
(Da Luz et al., 2017).
 The lifestyle of Mr. Joni is unhealthy. His alcohol consumption, smoking
habit and unusual diet pattern contributes to the issue.
 He has a history of hypertension, gout and acute myocardial infarction. His
moderate obstructive sleep apnoea requires CPAP for overnight sleeping.
 His height-weight ratio indicates excessive abdominal fat evident.

PROCESSING INFORMATION
AND IDENTIFYING THE ISSUE
 Obesity occurs when there is imbalance between energy
expenditure and calorie intake.
 It produces inappropriate expansion of the adipose organ.
 This in turn produces inflammatory cytokines along with the
progressive hyper-production of adipokines (Sainsbury, Hendy,
Magnusson & Colagiuri, 2018).
 The clinical manifestations include obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA),
hypertension, overweight, cardiovascular diseases and others
(Ylimäki, Kanste, Heikkinen, Bloigu & Kyngäs, 2015)
 In case of Joni, OSA, hypertension, overweight has been found as
complications.
Calorie
intake
Energy
expenditure
Imbalance
Expansion of adipose organ
Inflammatory cytokine
Obesity

IDENTIFYING ISSUE (PATHO)-
CONTINUED
 Obesity is a major contributor to the metabolic dysfunction which leads to
ischemic stroke. A study reveals1.86 persons per 1000 people with
obesity suffers from ischemic stroke (Lee et al., 2018).
 On a broader scale, it also influences organ dysfunction (Tate et al., 2016).
 As of 2015, it has been found in several studies that more than 600 million
adults around the world are obese (Buchmueller & Johar, 2015).
 In case of Mr. Joni, the symptoms clearly indicates obesity and its effects.

ESTABLISHING GOALS
 The main goal of the nursing interventions would be to improve the
condition of Mr. Joni’s health.
 In consultation of Mr. Joni, the goal of the interventions has been set.
 Mr. Joni will reduce 7-8 Kilograms of his weight within next six
months after the implications of the interventions.
 Mr. Joni will also reduce the amount of alcohol consumption and
cigarette intake.

TAKING ACTIONS
 Reviewing the individual cause of obesity and reviewing the
daily dietary habit which will help to focus on a realistic
picture about the amount of calorie intake and energy
expenditure (Ghosh, Charlton & Batterham, 2016).
 Formulating a diet plan with the patient using the knowledge
of his height, weight, age, and gender in order to ensure
adequate protein and low-fat intake (Lee, Park & Min, 2015).

TAKING ACTIONS-CONTINUED
 Encouraging the patient in some easy exercises
which will be appropriate as per his physical
condition as well as age.
 It will help Mr. Joni to loose weight and also,
exercise can provide relief in the stressful lives.
Exercise practice can also be helpful in
reducing the risk of ischemic stroke.
 Instructing the patient to keep record of the
exercises in order to track the intensity and
duration (Webb, Foster & Poulter, 2016).

TAKING ACTIONS-CONTINUED
 Educating the patient about the harmful effects of smoking cigarette
and consumption of alcohol.
 Showing images of some affected people as evidences will help the
patient to understand the facts about the harmfulness of smoking and
drinking (Taylor et al., 2017).
 Engaging the patient in more social activities during free time to
balance his emotional stability (Heath, Livingstone‐Banks, Hartmann‐
Boyce & Rice, 2017).

CONCLUSION
 Obesity is one of the leading health concerns around the world.
 In this case study, Mr. Joni is suffering multiple health
disorders that contributes to the worsening of the condition.
 This case study helped me to understand that with the proper
nursing interventions stated in this presentation, it is easier to
achieve a better health outcome and adequate weight
management.

WORKS CITED
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