University Nursing Informatics: Care Delivery Application Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of care delivery applications within the field of nursing informatics. It begins with an introduction to health information technology and its importance in modern healthcare, emphasizing the role of care delivery applications. The report then delves into the design considerations for these applications, including hardware and software design, and the crucial human factor. It examines the implications of employee workarounds, detailing their benefits and potential consequences. A pros and cons analysis of implementing care delivery applications is also provided. The report concludes by highlighting the significance of information technology in healthcare and underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to ensure successful implementation and quality patient care. The report covers design considerations like hardware, software, and human factors, the benefits and consequences of employee workarounds, and the overall pros and cons of such projects.

Running head: Nursing Informatics 1
Nursing Informatics – Care Delivery Applications
Student’s Name
University
Course
Date

Nursing Informatics 2
Table of Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................................3
Design consideration................................................................................................................3
Hardware design...................................................................................................................4
Software design.....................................................................................................................4
Human factor........................................................................................................................5
Employee workaround.............................................................................................................6
Benefits of workaround........................................................................................................6
Consequences of workaround.............................................................................................7
Pros and Cons to project.........................................................................................................8
Pros........................................................................................................................................8
Cons.......................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................9
References.................................................................................................................................9
Introduction
Care Delivery Application is one of the information technology concepts used in the sector of
health. Recently, health information technology is an essential factor to be implemented for

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the success of most health operations (Zadvinskis, Smith, & Yen, 2018). Information
technology in the healthcare sector involves electronic systems that are used by healthcare
personnel to share, store, and analyze health data. The system acts as the management of
health services between patients and practitioners and other related parties. Health
information technology has improved the effectiveness and quality of health services, thus
promoting individual and public health (Kruse, & Beane, 2018). Successful implementation
of information technology systems in health facilities has resulted in minimal expenditure
outcomes and medical error. Both clinical and administrative operations become more
efficient than before. The software systems, apart from improving the quality of healthcare,
also save time and money. Therefore, encouraging much of the time to be concentrated in
daily operation which boosts patient health treatment (Staggers, Elias, Makar, & Alexander,
2018). They are many varieties of health information technology, and one of them is the Care
Delivery Application.
Design consideration
The design of the health information technology system is a critical part to be considered
while developing any system of the organization (Marsch, Bulakci, Queseth, & Boldi, 2018).
The design includes the whole architecture of the system to be developed. The goals and
objectives of the health information technology system are achieved according to the design
of the mobile application (Lu et al., 2018). The capabilities and the level of function of the
information technology system are determined by design. Therefore, this is to indicate that
the design aspect is essential to the development of health information technology. The
design phase involves three critical parties that facilitate the effective design and
implementation of the system (Strudwick et al., 2018). These are the hardware phase,
software phase, and the human factor. All these are involved in having an attractive and
practical design of care delivery applications.

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Hardware design
Hardware involves the physical aspects of the health care system. To have any existing
technology system, the first thing to develop is the hardware part, which is mostly the
tangible section of the system. It is essential to consider the specifications of the hardware
system, whether they will achieve health care information technology by executing all
assigned activities effectively. Due to the challenges facing the current health care system,
the hardware which is required should be more powerful and advanced (Manor, &
Greenberg, 2018).
Advanced telecommunication tools, web solutions, networking, and social equipment which
will support health care delivery. Communication electronics should be implemented at all
levels to facilitate the active role of patients forms passive through IT platforms. The
transition between patient and management will be implemented through monitoring devices.
Therefore, the monitoring devices will provide easy decision making and access to
information to maintain health care records while the patient is at home (Kitson, Prpa, &
Riecke, 2018).
Software design
Software design involves the development of the system application. Software design is
intangible; the meaning is a flow of information and processes that will be implemented over
the designed hardware. Hardware cannot execute its function effectively without suitable
designed software. The development of software will design in a manner it will be
compatible with the environment of operation. The development software requires evaluation
at the end. The assessment will help to reduce errors and improve the accuracy of delivering
the services.

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The developed software will act as the real application, which will be used as the solution
towards the health care service delivery. For the delivery care application, the telehealth
application is developed as the software for the system. Telehealth is one of the software
which will link the patient families with the medication provider (Driessen, Castle, &
Handler, 2018). Thus, able to manage diseases while the patient is at home, offering health
records for the individual, the general community of the patient. Also, a web-based
application is required to support telehealth applications for those entities that require online
services. Another software is personal health records, which will offer easy and cheap storage
of patient information, which facilitates convenient retrieval when needed. Robotic system
software will possess artificial intelligence and will be standalone software that will require
no internet (Serper, & Volk, 2018).
For the telehealth software to perform its services accordingly together with the sub software
system, it needs well-trained personnel who will run them.
Human factor
The human factor is defined as the person or experts who will operate health care
applications already developed and implemented. Without human factors, health care delivers
applications will be in limits to provide its services to the patients. The human element will
help to minimize medical errors and deliver better health care through the use of developed
and integrated systems (Yingkai et al., 2018). Good relationships between the designer of
hardware, software, and the human factor should be maintained according to the principle of
health information technology techniques. The human specialized are required to be trained
well on how to operate and interact with the system applications, how to deal with inputs and
outputs of the health challenges targeted. The aspect of interacting with the system elements,
professional rules, and regulation of application all are under the care of human factors.
Human factors must be quality, safe, and efficiency to realize the positive impact of the

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health care delivery application. The main objectives of the human element are to optimize
both human tasks and technical concepts. It is done efficiently and effectively to improve
human life by offering quality, safe, and comfortable services. Each professional individual is
assigned to the area of specialization, and perform the task to its maximum level targeted.
Employee workaround
The workaround is commonly practiced within the organization, mostly the health care
sector, due to the increase of health information technology. Therefore, referred to the action
of the individuals to perform desired workflow aiming to achieve the goal. The action work
flow is in line with organizational protocols. Due to the increase of focus towards patient
safety and practice, and the use of health information technology, the nurse workaround has
created attention (Patterson, 2018). Employee workaround within the health sector has
resulted in the best practice, which reduces the poor quality of health care. Well, designed
healthcare delivery applications (hardware, software, and human factor) will help to achieve
quality, and safe patient service through the use of HIT. A workaround has increased at a
higher rate to the sector (Barrett, 2018). The following are benefits and consequences which
may affect health care due to the increased rate of nurse workaround.
Benefits of workaround
Workload has its benefits relating to the development and implementation of health
information technology. These benefits include.
 Employees (nurse and clinical personnel) can respond to the patient health complex
delivery.
 Health delivery processes are quality, safe, and efficient, thus improving the health
status of the patient.

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 A workaround has acknowledged the use of information technology within the health
departments.
 Improved flow and efficiency of the health care operations are in systematic order
helping the organization to achieve its health goals.
 It facilitates mutual interaction between all elements of the health information
technology to improve patient conditions.
 Cost and time factors are minimized through a valid workaround. The health care
application automatically schedules the time and flow of operations within the system.
Consequences of workaround
Also, due to the existence of health information technology, a workaround has resulted in
health implications delivery operations. According to the Blijleven, Koelemeijer, & Jaspers,
(2019), the are three main consequences of workaround
Contribution to moral distress due to pressure, the frustration of time limit compared to the
workload. The situation will cause institutional constraints, which will result in the inability
to deliver quality and safe health care services.
Implementation of the health care delivery system alone cannot overcome the flow of
complex operations. The health care environment is complex and inherent; therefore, much
use of the delivery system may lead to errors and insufficient processes service despite the
presence of workload. Workload will result in complex medication influences within the
environment.
More problems from much reliability of the technology system will generate side effects. The
fully integrated and automatic systems may result in incorporate problems. For example, if
the system is working on the different operations at once, it may lead up to breakdowns. Such

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kinds of processes are medication orders, administration, lab tests, and dispensing may cause
work overload. The personnel becomes reluctant because of much reliance on the system.
Pros and Cons to the project
The development and implementation of the project always had its advantages and
disadvantages. These pros and cons affect all involved stakeholders within and outside the
project development. Also, the successfully implemented project continues to have both
positive and negative effects that need continuous evaluation and analysis from the
professional team (Sirisomboonsuk, Gu, Cao, & Burns, 2018). The health information
technology concept has its limitations through the development of health care delivery
applications within the organization. Now below are the pros and cons of the developed
project on the care delivery application.
Pros
 The project will utilize the limited resource in health care, thus becoming the best
project under the health information technology idea.
 The project will have a maximum concentration from different parties of interest, thus
encouraging its development and implementation at each stage.
 The project will help the health specialized in achieving quality, safe, and effective
care to the patient.
Cons
 Project scope is limited to some areas, thus not covering all health care delivery to all
patients.
 The project knowledge is discouraging some human factors since not all members in
the health sector conversant with information technology.

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 In case of breakdown of the project, it will cause poor and in convince health service.
Thus, encouraging the institution to incur another expense of having an alternative
system stand by.
Conclusion
In summary, the information technology concept is an essential factor in the health industry.
Emerging of health information technology as acted as a more significant project in
developing and implementing the care delivery system. Patient health and other health care
services have promoted, thus delivering quality and safe health services. For each health
information technology project to be successful complete, the following factors should be
under consideration. The system design (hardware and software), the human element, and
other influential factors like a workaround and their benefits to the project. Therefore, to have
successful, productive, and quality health service, is a must information technology
knowledge to be exploited to the fullest limit.

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References
Barrett, A. K. (2018). Technological appropriations as workarounds: Integrating electronic
health records and adaptive structuration theory research. Information Technology &
People, 31(2), 368-387.
Blijleven, V., Koelemeijer, K., & Jaspers, M. (2019). SEWA: A framework for
sociotechnical analysis of electronic health record system workarounds. International
journal of medical informatics, 125, 71-78.
Driessen, J., Castle, N. G., & Handler, S. M. (2018). Perceived benefits, barriers, and drivers
of telemedicine from the perspective of skilled nursing facility administrative staff
stakeholders. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 37(1), 110-120.
Kitson, A., Prpa, M., & Riecke, B. E. (2018). Immersive interactive technologies for positive
change: a scoping review and design considerations. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1354.
Kruse, C. S., & Beane, A. (2018). Health information technology continues to show positive
effect on medical outcomes: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet
research, 20(2), e41.
Lu, C., Hu, Y., Xie, J., Fu, Q., Leigh, I., Governor, S., & Wang, G. (2018). The use of mobile
health applications to improve patient experience: cross-sectional study in Chinese
public hospitals. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(5), e126.

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Manor, E., & Greenberg, S. (2018, December). Efficient Hardware/Software partitioning for
Heterogeneous Embedded Systems. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on the
Science of Electrical Engineering in Israel (ICSEE) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Marsch, P., Bulakci, Ö., Queseth, O., & Boldi, M. (Eds.). (2018). 5G system design:
architectural and functional considerations and long term research. John Wiley &
Sons.
Patterson, E. S. (2018). Workarounds to intended use of health information technology: A
narrative review of the human factors engineering literature. Human factors, 60(3),
281-292.
Serper, M., & Volk, M. L. (2018). Current and future applications of telemedicine to
optimize the delivery of care in chronic liver disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and
Hepatology, 16(2), 157-161.
Sirisomboonsuk, P., Gu, V. C., Cao, R. Q., & Burns, J. R. (2018). Relationships between
project governance and information technology governance and their impact on
project performance. International journal of project management, 36(2), 287-300.
Staggers, N., Elias, B. L., Makar, E., & Alexander, G. L. (2018). The imperative of solving
nurses’ usability problems with health information technology. JONA: The Journal of
Nursing Administration, 48(4), 191-196.
Strudwick, G., Reisdorfer, E., Warnock, C., Kalia, K., Sulkers, H., Clark, C., & Booth, R.
(2018). Factors associated with barcode medication administration technology that
contribute to patient safety: an integrative review. Journal of nursing care
quality, 33(1), 79-85.

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Yingkai, B. A. O., Chuangxin, G. U. O., Zhang, J., Jiaxin, W. U., Suhong, P. A. N. G., &
Zhang, Z. (2018). Impact analysis of human factors on power system operation
reliability. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 6(1), 27-39.
Zadvinskis, I. M., Smith, J. G., & Yen, P. Y. (2018). Nurses’ experience with health
information technology: Longitudinal qualitative study. JMIR medical
informatics, 6(2), e38.