Case Study: Nursing Management of a Child Suffering from Croup Disease

This case study presents a comprehensive analysis of nursing management for a five-year-old child diagnosed with croup disease. The report begins with an introduction to the challenges of pediatric nursing, emphasizing the sensitivity required in caring for children. The main body details the child's presenting condition, including cough, fever, sneezing, and nasal congestion, leading to a diagnosis of croup. It then outlines the nursing management plan, encompassing planning, organizing, staffing, and directing, along with the medications used, specifically Dexamethasone and Budesonide. Furthermore, the study examines the crucial role of the family during the child's hospitalization, the barriers they may face, and the impact of hospitalization on the child. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and emphasizing the importance of appropriate care and support for children with croup disease.

Case study

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
Child's presenting condition.........................................................................................................3
Nursing management of child condition .....................................................................................4
Medication of diseases ................................................................................................................5
Role of family during child hospitalization and its barriers........................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
Child care and nursing constitutes to be one of the most critical and sensitive matters, as
every child has specific needs and requirements. One of the primary reasons for the excessive
sensitivity is the inability of children to clearly express their suffering and the extent of impact of
illness which is made on their long term physical and mental health (Behlau, 2015). In respect to
the same, nursing becomes a serious challenge for the personnel handling children. It requires the
concerned people to undertake additional care of children, in comparison to other adults. In the
instant report a nursing management schedule is being developed for a five year old child who is
purportedly suffering Croup diseases. Further, it shall also illustrate the role of family in
recovery of the child and impact of hospitalization on a child.
MAIN BODY
OPTION 1
Child's presenting condition
The child presents condition of child is that he is suffering from the coughing from the
last one week and also suffering from mild fever as well. Child is also sneezing and nasal
congestion the major problem which is identity in child is coughing. He had cough from the last
one week and also suffering from the fever (Bennett, Dolin and Blaser, 2014). Along with this
he is also sneezing and nasal congestion. Along with this the child is also suffering from the cold
but he has no allergic from food of medications. Main problem of child is cough so the working
diagnosis can be x-ray. X-ray won't reveal the most common reasons for a cough but its helps to
hospitals to understand the problem of child. It is use by them to check the if any lung diseases is
exits.
It is identified that the child may be suffering from the Croup diseases. Symptoms of this
disease are cough, stridor, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing which usually worsens at night.
Along with this the child is also suffering from the fever, sneezing and nasal congestion. All
these are signs of the Croup. This fist step of diagnosis is frontal X-ray. With the help of the x-
ray they can measure the performance of neck (Bjornson, Williamson and Johnson, 2016). Other
from of investigation includes such as blood test and viral cultures. The viral inflection that cause
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Croup leads to swelling of the Larynx, trachea and large bronchi. Swelling produce air way
obstruction a when significant, leads to dramatically increased work of breathing and the
characteristic turbulent, noisy airflow known as stridor (Behlau, 2015)..
Nursing management of child condition
The nursing management consists the performance of leadership function of governance
and decision making within organization and employees nurses. The main elements of nursing
management includes planning, organizing, staffing and Directing (Caparrelli, Calogero and
Lombardi, 2015)). The present case is based on the child who are suffering from the croup
diseases. Following are elements of nursing management.
Planning
At this stage, nurse of organization need to make plan. In this they develop different
sources which can be use by them for preventing diseases along with they are also needed to
plan, ways to flight with disease. It is also included identification of sings and diseases and t
take the fist step of diagnosis. In this child problem planning includes to provide the basis of the
diagnosis and then take further steps.
Organizing
In this step, according to the nurse management they have to manage their resources
effectively (Green, 2016). It also includes to give complete resources such as medicines, conduct
different types of test which are required to check the main problems of the child, along with its
also includes to provide standard treatment to child and provide clear description of this disease
to other staff members.
Staffing
Another elements of nursing management is to staffing. At this stage, the nursing
management is conduct different types of person such as doctors, nurses and other staff members
which are required for the performing the operation. In this case the child is suffering from the
cough so one member from the hospital is required to check the performance of child and if any
problem is rises then conduct to other member of hospital.
Directing
The directing includes give directing to the staff members and ways to prevent from the
diseases. It also includes the various types of guidelines which are provided by the organization
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to their staff members (Narayanan and Funkhouser, 2014). In this hospital give direction to
junior level staff members ways to care the child. The child is suffering from croup diseases so
manage need to make them calm as possible.
Medication of diseases
In this present report the child is suffering from the croup diseases, which is very rare in
the present world. Major symptom of this disease is that the child is suffering from cough and
also suffering from fever (Caparrelli, Calogero and Lombardi, 2015). There are very types of
medication are available for such disease. Medication of this disease Dexamethasone and
Budesonide. In this two types of medication helps to child to prevent from the croup. From these
two medication croup patients get relief and also considered as the effective medication.
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is a type of corticosteroid medication. This treatment used in many
diseases such as rheumatic problems, numbers of skin diseases, lung disease and brain swelling.
The main reasong to give this medicine by administration is to prevent from the croup diseases.
It is considered as the anti inflammatory and autoimmune condition (atel, Kitchin, and Pfeifer,
2017). This medicine help to child from swelling and other problems which are faced by child
during that problems. Administration with the help of this medicines want to give relief to child
and generally injected in child's body. With can help to child to recovery from that disease early.
Budesonide
Budesonide (BUD), sold under the brand name Pulmicort among others, is a medication
of the corticosteroid type. It is available as the inhaler, pill nasal spray and rectal from. From the
preventing d disease like croup inhaler is the most effective way. Through this problems like
infection, cough and headaches can recover. With the help of this medication administration of
the hospital want to remove their problems. The child is suffering from cough and fever, these
medicines helps to them form recovery from croup and help to child to from swelling and
breathing problem. It also helps to that child from other problem like asthma and generic
problem.
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Role of family during child hospitalization and its barriers
Family is called a team of individual which helps to child from preventing diseases.
Family play important role which helps to child from the preventing the diseases. During the
hospitalization the family play important role to maintain quality of life in hospitalization
patients with chronic problems. It also helps to patients to self directed activities and develop self
care activities (Schlossberg, 2015). Additionally, family helps to reduce the stress of patients. In
the presents report the patents is suffering from Croup diseases so need to be extra care so he can
easily recover from the problem.
Role of family
 During the child admission on hospital the parents need to make to communication with
their family relatives. They ned to give mentally support to their child so he can give
equal response to their treatments. During the admission the parents need to make
consultancy with doctors and other people who will give treatments to their child. In this
process the parents may face some barriers such as the many be staff members of
hospitals does not give equal response them.
 Another role of the parents is to make effective communication with their doctors. In this
communication process they can explain home treatments which are given by them and
also helps to staff members to understand the main problems of their children which he is
facing during the treatments (Searing, 2014). In the given case the child is suffering from
the Croup problems. His parents give decongestant syrup which helps to them for
preventing cough from two days. Apart, from this he is acting as normal child and also no
other diseases found in that child.
 The next role of parents is to make arrangements of financial resource so their child get
the best treatments. With the help of these resources their children get admission in
hospitals and receive treatments from their doctors. The main problem which is faced in
this stage is arrangement of fund in effective manner (Behlau, 2015). In this parents may
face problems to arrange the fund to fulfilled the requirements of hospitals.
 Apart, role of parents is also includes to give emotional support to their children. The
emotional needs is aim to improvement of the therapeutic program the communication
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with nursing and medical staff. It helps to patient's care. In this the main problems which
is faced by family is to make convey child to adopt the treatments.
Impact of hospitalization on child
There are several impacts of hospitalization on child. During the hospitalization the child
may fear to may elements. Following are impact of hospitalization on child.
The main fear of children during the hospitalization is that they get concern regrading to
their parents. In many situations it is found that children many get afraid that may be their
parents. In this time the child many to not give equal responses to their treatments and many be
they get nervously breakdown. The child is suffering from the croup diseases and he is only 5
years old. During the hospitalization he may concerned to his parents. During the hospitalization
child may gets a sense of separation and rejection (.Bennett, Dolin and Blaser, 2014). In thei
hospital the children may get nervous. It many also effects their mental health and physically
ability. There are certain other factors which can also be concluded in this. It is that child in
under 5 may not understand the environment of hospitals and might get afraid from their
treatments. Another impact of hospitalization is that may be child create a sense of fear regrading
to the hospital environment. During the hospitalization the child many get fear from the pain
which he got during the hospitalization. Apart, form these children is also got fear of many
things along with hospitals. The Children get also afraid from many. Hospitalization may
increases scale of the stress of children in the hospitalization. During the hospitalization the
children gets afraid with many things and also these things leads to many other problem in their
situation such as fears and anxieties, especially, separation from parents, etc.
There are many other problems which are faced by the children during the hospitalization
(Bjornson, Williamson and Johnson, 2016). In this hospital child may not give equal responses to
their treatments, they do not take proper food and along with this they get also fear of pain. In
this hospitalization process child is does not take prop[er food and medicines which is not good
sign for the them. In order to recover from the disease they need to follow certain rules and
regulation. So they can easily recover from the diseases.
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It is responsibility of hospitals and parents to give moral supports to their child so they
can recover from the diseases. In order to manage the changes they also need to guide to their
child so they can easily prevents from the diseases
CONCLUSION
The presented information helps in enhancing knowledge about the basic conditions of
child when he is suffering from fever and coughing. There are different factors which contribute
to this situation and even worsening the impact if not handled properly. Hence, there are facts
presented in this report which denote that apart from specific medications the patient must not be
given any other medicine because it can lead to serious health concerns. Furthermore, there has
been a nursing plan presented here which denotes the steps which have to be followed for
providing effective care and health support. This report also helps in understanding the role of
parents in critical conditions of a child.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Behlau, I. (2015). 30. Croup, supraglottitis, and laryngitis. Clinical Infectious Disease. Pp 199.
Bennett, J. E., Dolin, R., & Blaser, M. J. (2014). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and
practice of infectious diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Bjornson, C. L., Williamson, J., & Johnson, D. W. (2016). Telephone Out Patient Score: The
Derivation and Validation of a Telephone Follow-up Assessment Tool for Use in
Clinical Research in Children With Croup. Pediatric emergency care. 32(5). 290-297.
Caparrelli, C., Calogero, C., & Lombardi, E. (2015). Systemic Corticosteroids in Respiratory
Diseases in Children. In Systemic Corticosteroids for Inflammatory Disorders in
Pediatrics (pp. 163-170). Springer International Publishing.
Green, R. J., (2016). Obstructive airway disease in children: respiratory. Medical Chronicle.
2016(Aug 2016). pp 42-43.
Narayanan, S. & Funkhouser, E., 2014. Inpatient hospitalizations for croup. Hospital pediatrics.
4(2). pp.88-92.
Patel, J. J., Kitchin, E., & Pfeifer, K. (2017). A Narrowing Diagnosis: A Rare Cause of Adult
Croup and Literature Review. Case Reports in Critical Care. 2017.
Schlossberg, D. (Ed.). (2015). Clinical infectious disease. Cambridge University Press.
Searing, D. A. (2014). Diseases in DDx of Asthma: Croup. Encyclopedia of Medical
Immunology: Allergic Diseases. Pp 241-242.
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