Nursing Practice: Knowledge and Care 6HSK1078 Individual Workbook

This workbook is a student's submission for the 6HSK1078 Nursing Practice module, designed as an individual assessment. It comprises two main sections: multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and short answer questions (SAQs). The MCQ section covers the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiac systems, testing knowledge of digestive processes, respiratory mechanics, and cardiac physiology. The SAQ section delves into the endocrine and renal systems, with questions on hormone functions, receptor regulation (upregulation and downregulation), and the role of the kidneys and associated hormones in maintaining fluid balance. The student's responses demonstrate an understanding of key concepts in anatomy and physiology, as applied to nursing practice. Specifically, the SAQ section focuses on the function of pituitary hormones, the comparison of up and down regulation in the endocrine system, and the kidneys' role in maintaining fluid balance. The student provides detailed answers to questions on hormone functions, receptor regulation, and the function of the kidneys in maintaining fluid balance. The workbook is an anonymous submission, adhering to university guidelines on plagiarism and collusion, and is to be submitted in Microsoft Word format.

Nursing Practice: Knowledge and Care
6HSK1078
Individual Workbook (Resubmission)

Welcome
This is your individual workbook which is to be completed as part of the summative
assessment for 6HSK1078. The workbook is intended to be completed as an individual piece
of work and University rules on plagiarism and collusion must be adhered to.
Please do not put your name on the workbook or in the filename – this is an anonymous
submission (the marker will not know who submitted until after the marks are released.
The workbook must be completed using the template given and submitted (in Microsoft
Word format) to the module canvas site by 10:00 on the 20th June 2022. Make sure you
leave plenty of time for computer delays when you submit. It is your responsibility to make
sure you submit the correct file to the correct portal.
The workbook consists of 30 multiple choice questions (MCQs) and a section of four (4)
Short Answer Questions (SAQs). Ensure you read each question thoroughly, for the short
answer questions make sure you are aware of the word limit. Word limits carry an academic
bias of +/- 10%, for instance for a 500 word answer you are expected to write between 450
and 550 words. Any answers with a word count over the 10% limit: the marker will not mark
past the limit and any words over the limit will be ignored. As this is a workbook of anatomy
and physiology knowledge references are not required.

PART 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Each question has only one correct answer. Each question is worth one mark.
Please indicate your choice of answer clearly by using the highlighter tool:
Select the text you wish to highlight:
and then click on the highlighter tool to highlight the required answer:
If your chosen answer is not clear the question will not be marked.

QUESTIONS:
Section one: gastrointestinal system
1. How does food move through the digestive system?
a. Gravity
b. Cilia
c. Wavelike muscle contractions
d. Suction of the lower gastro-intestinal system
2. Where does most of the process of digestion take place?
a. Small intestine
b. Large intestine
c. Stomach
d. All of the above
3. What is the role of the liver in digestion?
a. Makes important enzymes
b. Neutralises stomach acid
c. Produces bile
d. Regulated insulin
4. Which layer of the intestines is responsible for peristalsis?
a. Mucosa
b. Submucosa
c. Muscularis
d. Peritoneum

5. Which of the following enzymes breaks down proteins in the digestive system?
a. Bile
b. Amylase
c. Lipase
d. Chymotrypsin
6. Sympathetic nervous system outflow (stimulation):
a. Stimulates gastric secretions
b. Increases gastric activity
c. Reduces gastric activity
d. Opens the pyloric sphincter
7. Duodenal cells secrete two hormones they are:
a. Secretin and cholecystokinin
b. Bile and secretin
c. Bile and pancreatic amylase
d. Secretin and bile
8. The pH of the jejunum is usually:
a. 7-9
b. 8-9
c. 6-9
d. 5-6
9. Hepatic veins drain blood from the liver to the:
a. Inferior vena cava
b. Superior vena cava

c. Portal circulation
d. Mesenteric artery
10. What type of cells produce pancreatic juice?
a. Endocrine
b. Exocrine
c. Neuronal
d. Paracrine

Section2: Respiratory system
1. How many lobes does the right lung consist of?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 1
d. 4
2. The bronchi are lined with:
a. Ciliated epithelium
b. Striated epithelium
c. Smooth epithelium
d. Rough epithelium
3. The purpose of the turbinate (in the nose) is to:
a. Warm air
b. Humidify air
c. Filter dust and pollen
d. All of the above
4. The parietal pleura lines:
a. The lung wallsbn
b. The thoracic wall
c. The walls of the alveoli
d. The tracheal wall
5. During inspiration the thorax:
a. Expands and the intrapulmonary pressure falls below atmospheric pressure

b. Expands and the intrapulmonary pressure rises above atmospheric pressure
c. Contracts and the intrapulmonary pressure fall below atmospheric pressure
d. Contracts and the intrapulmonary pressure rise above atmospheric pressure
6. The major muscles of inspiration are:
a. The intercostal muscles and the sternocleidomastoid muscles
b. The intercostal muscles and the scalene muscles
c. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
d. The sternocleidomastoid muscles and the diaphragm
7. The respiratory centres in the medulla oblongata and the pons monitor:
a. Levels of O2 in the blood
b. Levels of O2 in the lungs
c. Levels of CO2 in the blood
d. Levels of CO2 in the lungs
8. Internal respiration is:
a. The exchange of O2 and CO2 across the alveoli wall
b. The exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissues and blood
c. The exchange of O2 and CO2 between cell and tissues
d. The exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissues and alveoli
9. How many haem units are there in a haemoglobin molecule?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
10. The transport of gases across the alveolar wall is by:

a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Active transport
d. Simple diffusion

Section three: Cardiac system
1. The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries is the:
a. Aortic valve
b. Mitral valve
c. Pulmonary valve
d. Tricuspid valve
2. The layer of the pericardium next to the heart muscle is:
a. Parietal pericardium
b. Mitral valve
c. Pulmonary valve
d. Tricuspid valve
3. The conduction system of the electrical impulses from the AV node to the bundle
branches is via:
a. The bundle of His
b. The SA node
c. The purkinje system
d. Bacchman’s bundle
4. The normal range for a resting heart rate is:
a. 40-100bpm
b. 50-100bpm
c. 60-100bpm
d. 70-100bpm
5. Which artery predominantly supplies blood to the anterior of the left ventricle.
a. RCA
b. Circumflex
c. Diagonal
d. LAD
6. Which part of the ECG trace of a single cardiac cycle corresponds to atrial
depolarisation?
a. P wave
b. QRS complex
c. T wave

d. U wave
7. In the cardiac cycle the isovolumetric contraction phase refers to:
a. Atrial contraction with no change in blood volume
b. Ventricular contraction with no change in blood volume
c. Ventricular relaxation with no change in blood volume
d. Atrial relaxation with no change in blood volume
8. The majority of the cells in the heart are:
a. Cardiomyocytes
b. Cardiac pacemaker cells
c. Epithelial cells
d. Endocardial cells
9. The natural pacemaker of the heart is another name for:
a. AV Node
b. Bundle of His
c. SA Node
d. Purkinje system
10. Deoxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary arteries by:
a. Right atrium
b. Right ventricle
c. Left atrium
d. Left ventricle

PART 2: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Make sure you read the question and ensure you keep within the word count guidance.
Section 2a: Endocrine System
Question 1: Name 4 hormones that are produced by the pituitary gland or are stored or
released by the gland and describe their function. Word count 200 words. (10 marks)
The Adrenocorticotropic, thyroid-stimulating, follicle-stimulating/luteinizing and Oxytocin
hormones are four hormones that are secreted in pituitary-gland, which facilitates the
activities of other endocrine-glands, including body physiological regulations.
The adrenocorticotropic-hormone: stimulates the adrenal gland to release stress
hormones; adrenaline/ cortisol. The cortisol is released in the blood under-stress to
regulate the whole-body reactions under stressful conditions. Reduction of
inflammations, regulation of blood pressure and glucose metabolism are the primary
functions of cortisol, including the flight or fight responses. Cushing’s syndromes occur as
a result of the over-production of ACTH, while under production causes lack of adrenal.
Thyroid-Stimulating hormone is a glycol-protein that quickens the production and release
of the thyroid hormone. Metabolism regulations, growth, energy homeostasis, and
nervous system regulations are the main functions of the hormone. Over-production
causes hyperthyroidism and lack of it causes hypothyroidism. The Follicle-stimulating and
Luteinizing hormones – Both are called gonadotrophins: the stimulation of the ovary to
release oestrogen, progesterone and testes to discharge testosterone are their primary
functions. They help in growth regulations and maturations of the egg sperm cells.
Irregular production causes sexual malfunction, menstruation problems and infertility.
Finally, the Oxytocin: it stimulates the uterine contraction, during delivery and secretes
milk during breastfeeding of a baby.