Nursing Assignment: HLTENN015 Health Challenges and Care

This nursing assignment addresses various aspects of Australian healthcare, including key health concerns within the community such as cardiovascular problems, cancer, mental health, and chronic diseases. It examines challenges in healthcare funding, workforce distribution, and health equity for Indigenous populations. The assignment delves into health issues faced by different age groups and environmental health concerns. It explores the philosophical tenets of primary healthcare, community resources for managing conditions like asthma and dementia, and the WHO definition of health. Furthermore, it covers the health-illness continuum, patient safety, and the role of journals like the Australian Journal of Primary Health. The assignment also discusses the roles of nursing associations, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services, and strategies for caring for confused individuals and those with health illiteracy. First aid management for choking and models of interdisciplinary care are also included, providing a comprehensive overview of primary health care in Australia.

Running head: NURSING 1
Nursing
Student Name
University Name

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Answer 1:
Following are the areas of concern for the Australian community in regards to healthcare
(aihw.gov.au, 2019):
1. Cardiovascular problems
2. Cancer
3. Mental health
4. Injury
5. Diabetes, both type 1 and type 2
6. Asthma
7. Disability
8. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
9. Arthritis and back pain
Answer 2:
The Australian Government is seen to confront major challenges infunding and even delivery of
care. These challenges are usually seen to stem from change in disease pattern and even the
population coupled with the ages. As influenced by Coll-Seck et al. (2018), the burden related to
chronic illness is seen to grow leading to increase in cost of advanced medical technologies. In
addition to that the increasing costs associated with the fact that the care needs to be efficient and
comprehensive often demands more attention and finances. The prime problem remains in the
supply of workforce and even distribution of the same. The continuous concern related to the
quality of service provided due to shortage of skilled staff has always been a matter of concern.
Uncertainty about the ways to balance health equality for the indigenous individuals can be a
matter of concern for the people and even the Australian healthcare sector. The search for long
lasting and effective healthcare provision demands consultative approach that decides the
nation’s priority in regards to health problems and help in addressing the fiscal responsibilities
and even bureaucratic issues
Answer 3:
Health challenges faced by Aboriginal and Torres strait islander communities are as follows:

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Important determinant of health among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander communities is
lack of equal access to healthcare
The cultural approach of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander communities often makes it
difficult for the people to avail healthcare facilities
Answer 4:
Age group 2 health issues
Infants Premature birth rates
Respiratory problems
Children Obesity
Asthma
Adolescents Unintentional injuries
Eating disorders such as anorexia
Adults Cancer
Diabetes
Older people Cataracts
Arthritis
Answer 5:
Three environmental health issues faced by the Australian communities are as follows:
Exposure to harmful radiation that can cause genetic mutation leading to cancer
Increasing levels of air pollution causing respiratory diseases
Decrease in water quality can cause water borne diseases such as Amoebiasis
Answer 6:
The philosophical tenet in regards to primary healthcare in Australia aims to act as an approach
for providing healthcare services while respecting the social values. As per the study conducted
by Farrer et al. (2018), primary healthcare is additionally based on the principles related to

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accessibility that discusses about the importance of making the event of care accessible to all
irrespective of their socio-economic background. In addition to that the aspect of primary care is
inclusive with promotion of care services and working towards the prospect of limiting the
incidents related to infection. Additionally, the philosophical principle of primary healthcare is
inclusive of approach to answer the health needs of the community for better health outcomes at
all levels.
Answer 7:
Community resources
and services available for
asthma management
National asthma council Australia provides information about the
possible sources that can help an individual to cope with asthma
and reduce the impact
In-hospital resources and
services available for
asthma management
Metered dose inhaler (MDI)
4 puffs of Ventolin then wait for 4 minutes in case there is no
improvement then continue to administer 4 puffs of Ventolin
every 4 minutes until help arrives (Melbourne, 2019)
Community resources
and services
available for
dementia care
Community resources and services provide help with daily
activities such as activities associated with daily living inclusive of
washing clothes and other household tasks
In-hospital resources and
services available for
dementia care
The mentioned intervention helps in spreading awareness about
dementia while enhancing the levels of interaction with the people
suffering from dementia. In order to ensure that proper provision
of care is provided the program provides training to professional
carers
Answer 8:
WHO definition of health can be stated as follows; the term health can be used to denote a
condition of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing. The exact explanation of health
cannot be leveraged through the mere absence of disease (Constitution, 2019).

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Answer 9:
The event of health-illness continuum embraces a holistic approach to care. The importance of
mental and emotional wellbeing is strongly highlighted in the mentioned context. A holistic
approach to health is a much needed intervention in the current time. In regards to that it can be
clearly stated the health and wellbeing is well placed with by defining the level and quality of
emotional and mental wellbeing there remains no difference between both.
Answer 10:
Improving the safety of a patient is of prime importance. In addition to that, it is important to
understand the fact improvement in health can be undertaken by understanding the frequency
and causes related to care and provide positive health outcomes (Bowen et al. 2018). In similar
regards, it can be pointed out that people are seen to make use of primary care related services at
any day and review suggest that incidents related to safety are common however, they do not
cause major harm to the patients.
Answer 11:
Australian Journal of Primary Health contributes to the education of issues related to primary and
even community health care intervention. In addition to that the mentioned journal provides a
clear idea pertaining to the amalgamation of theory of healthcare into practise (Greenhalgh et al.
2016). The journal additionally acts as a forum for the discussion of health related issues for
multicultural people and encourages the integration of ecological health within the domain of
primary health care.
Answer 12:

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a) The purpose of Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association is related to the
acceptance of authority, responsibility and even accountability for the decisions relating to the
patient care. At clinical level the mentioned association is responsible for providing the first
medical intervention within the dimension of healthcare services. The mentioned association
comprises of health care professionals working to create provision of continuous, comprehensive
and most importantly person-centred care for the affected individuals.
b) The purpose of NPHCP is to provide proper measures of advocacy to the Australian
government for reforming the existing domains of primary healthcare. The vision of NPHCP is
to promote the development of national system of primary care that aims to provide quality safe
and measurable care based on clinical evidence and aims to ensure prevention and intervention at
early level (Lien et al. 2018)
Answer 13:
Difference between preventive, curative and rehabilitative service, can be highlighted through
the following statements, the highly aimed medical facilities work on providing comprehensive
care (preventive measures) to save lives and provide better provision of care. However, they are
often halted due to obsessive focus in regards to curative measures (Gandini et al. 2019) The
curative measure is highly concerned about the fact of treating or even curing the patients after
they become injured or sick. The rehabilitative service helps in overcoming the trauma after
curative stage.
Answer 14:
Preventive service delivery model resources: Generates evidence based priority plan that is
further transformed into wellness plan after negotiation with patients

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Curative service delivery model resources: Hospitals for instance chemotherapies for cancer act
as curative service delivery model resources
Rehabilitative service delivery model resources: Community based approach that aims on
understanding the underlying causes of erratic behaviour and works on guiding the thoughts to
right direction
Answer 15:
Caring for a confused person strategies are as follows:
Try to gain attention of the person and answer them directly
Work on reassuring the patient
Speak clearly and not too fast making it easy for the person to follow
Answer 16:
Implementation of validation therapy for dementia is often seen to advocate the fact that it is
important to interact with the person with their reality rather than bringing the person in touch
with the actual reality. Through the mentioned intervention empathy can be developed which in
return can help in building a sense of trust and even security (Richmond et al. 2018). Thus it is
important to rephrase and appear clear to the patient and match their expression and emotions to
reduce their anxiety
Answer 17:
The first aid management for partial choking in a 'conscious' person can be done by coughing.
However, if coughing is not successful enough to remove the blockage then the person must be
bent forward and must be given back blows for at least 5 times (De Buck et al. 2015). The person

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giving the blow should use the heel of their hand and place the blow between the shoulder blades
checking the blockage after every blow
Answer 18:
a) Access and equity can be improved by providing healthcare facilities to all without
considering their socio-economic background. It becomes important to understand that the
provision of healthcare must be placed at locations that can be access by everyone and in close
proximity to the community (Halcomb, 2018)
b) Empowerment about health can be done at community level where every community member
is educated about their wellbeing and they can take action against the increasing incidents of
diseases. It can be achieved by designing healthcare services in such a way that it is inclusive of
all people and is successful in understanding their health condition
Answer 19:
The model of interdisciplinary care acknowledges the overlap of knowledge between the
different team members of a healthcare organization. The mentioned model thus helps in
facilitating a horizontal mode of communication for treating the patient. The treatment and even
the evaluation of patient by overreaching the spaces in between the existing disciplines is the
main aim to provide primary care and positive health outcomes.
Answer 20:
Examples of health literacy issues can be as follows:
Calculating the BMI while keeping track on the calories
Calculating the level of blood glucose

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Answer 21:
Strategy to support person with health illiteracy are as follows:
 Recommendation to make use of software applications
 Use of simple language free from medical terms or jargons
 Use of visual cues such as pictures and graphs
 Work on building strong community connections

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Reference list
aihw.gov.au (2019) Burden of disease Overview - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
Retrieved 31 July 2019, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/health-conditions-
disability-deaths/burden-of-disease/overview
Bowen, A. C., Marsh, J. A., Carapetis, J. R., & Walker, R. (2018). Ascertaining infectious
disease burden through primary care clinic attendance among young Aboriginal children
living in four remote communities in Western Australia.
Coll-Seck, A., Clark, H., Bahl, R., Peterson, S., & Costello, S. (2018). Lucas T. Framing an
agenda for children thriving in the SDG era: a LancetCommission on Child Health and
Wellbeing. Lancet 2018; published online Nov 2. http://dx. doi. org/10.1016/S0140.
Constitution. (2019). Retrieved 31 July 2019, from
https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/constitution
De Buck, E., Van Remoortel, H., Dieltjens, T., Verstraeten, H., Clarysse, M., Moens, O., &
Vandekerckhove, P. (2015). Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of
first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation, 94, 8-22.
Farrer, L. M., Walker, J., Harrison, C., & Banfield, M. (2018). Primary care access for mental
illness in Australia: Patterns of access to general practice from 2006 to 2016. PloS
one, 13(6), e0198400.
Gandini, S., Doré, J. F., Autier, P., Greinert, R., & Boniol, M. (2019). Epidemiological evidence
of carcinogenicity of sunbed use and of efficacy of preventive measures. Journal of the
European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 33, 57-62.
Greenhalgh, T., Jackson, C., Shaw, S., & Janamian, T. (2016). Achieving research impact
through co‐creation in community‐based health services: literature review and case
study. The Milbank Quarterly, 94(2), 392-429.

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Halcomb, E. J. (2018). A Program of Primary Care Nursing Research in Australia.
Hendrickx, D., Bowen, A. C., Marsh, J. A., Carapetis, J. R., & Walker, R. (2018). Ascertaining
infectious disease burden through primary care clinic attendance among young
Aboriginal children living in four remote communities in Western Australia. PloS
one, 13(9), e0203684.
Lien, K., Kays-Sommer, J., Bite, A., Ladha, Z., Roeper, R., & Costa, A. (2018). The Role of
Non-Physician Health Care Professionals in the Education of Medical Students at
Satellite Campuses. Journal of Regional Medical Campuses, 1(1).
Melbourne, T. (2019). Clinical Guidelines (Nursing) : Asthma inpatient discharge education.
Retrieved 31 July 2019, from
https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Asthma_Inpatient_Disc
harge_Education/
Richmond, J., Smith, E., Wallace, J., Duncan, D., & Lucke, J. (2017). Hepatitis B testing and
diagnosis experiences of patients and primary care professionals in Australia. Australian
family physician, 46(7), 513.